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Teresa Serrano,1 Paula Pierozan,2 Esteban Alberti,1 Lisette Blanco,1 Karelys de la Cuétara Bernal,1 María E González,1 Nancy Pavón,1 Lourdes Lorigados,1 María A Robinson-Agramonte,1 Jorge A Bergado1 1International Center for Neurological Restoration (CIREN), La Habana, Cuba; 2Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Abstract: This article investigates the possible effects of transplantation of mononuclear bone marrow cells (mBMCs) to ameliorate or prevent the behavioral impairments and the cellular damage observed in a quinolinic acid (QA) model of Huntington’s disease. mBMCs were isolated using a standard procedure and implanted within the QA-lesioned striatum. Behavior was explored using motor (beam test) and memory (object recognition and Morris water maze) tests. Morphology was evaluated using conventional histology (cresyl violet), bisbenzimide (to evaluate cell vitality), and immunohystochemistry to identify neurons or glia. mBMC-transplanted animals showed improvements in motor coordination (beam test). Regarding memory, object recognition was significantly improved in transplanted animals, while spatial memory (Morris water maze test) was not severely affected by QA and, therefore, the results after transplantation were significant only in the probe-trial retention test. In samples taken from the animals that participated in the behavioral tests, a preserved morphology of striatal neurons and a reduced glial reaction indicated a possible neuroprotective effect of the transplanted mBMCs. A parallel study confirmed that the transplanted mBMCs have a long survival period (1 year follow-up). The results presented confirm the possibility that mBMC transplantation may be a viable therapeutic option for Huntington’s disease. Keywords: mononuclear bone marrow cells, Huntington’s disease, quinolinic acid, transplant, Fluoro-Jade C, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neuronal nuclear marker

Coastal wetlands are transitional ecosystems between land and sea. Participants of citizen science programs have detected frequent floods in wetlands, as well as small pools that appear and then disappear. Considering that it is not clear whether their main hydrologic drivers are of marine or continental origin, we studied the El Culebrón wetland located in the Chilean semi-arid zone. El Culebrón is strongly influenced by extreme rain events. This wetland also experiences seasonal changes in its water stage (WS). A high mean sea level agreed with 41% of the WS rises. High intensity storm surges coincided with 53% of WS peaks. A small tsunami in 2022 impacted the WS, and another very intense tsunami flooded it in 2015. An apparent diurnal cycle in the WS was discarded due to an instrumental artifact. The combination of the aforementioned factors provided an explanation for 91% of the WS rises. The probable and novel mechanism for sea level and storm surge influence on WS is the formation of a sand barrier between the coastal lagoon and the sea. As a whole, El Culebrón receives varied influences from both the sea and the mainland, but it seems to be more dependent on freshwater sources.

Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) is a retrovirus that infects domestic and wild cats around the world. FeLV infection is associated with the development of neoplasms, bone marrow disorders and immunosuppression. Viral subgroups arise from mutations in the FeLV genome or from recombination of FeLV with ancestral endogenous retroviruses in the cat genome. The retroviral endogenisation process has allowed generation of a diversity of endogenous viruses, both functional and defective. These elements may be part of the normal functioning of the feline genome and may also interact with FeLV to form recombinant FeLV subgroups, enhance pathogenicity of viral subgroups, or inhibit and/or regulate other retroviral infections. Recombination of the env gene occurs most frequently and appears to be the most significant in terms of both the quantity and diversification of pathogenic effects in the viral population, as well as affecting cell tropism and types of disease that occur in infected cats. This review focuses on available information regarding genetic diversity, pathogenesis and diagnosis of FeLV as a result of the interaction between endogenous and exogenous viruses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fermín Silva Cayatopa, Ana Luisa González Méndez, Robinson Barrientos Ortiz, Alejandro Silva Diaz, Fernando Godin Estrada Department of Ophthalmology, Research Department Clínica La Luz, Lima, PeruCorrespondence: Ana Luisa González MéndezResearch Department Clínica La Luz, Department of Ophthalmology, Av. Arequipa 1148, Lima, PeruTel +51 947273992Email dra.analuisagonzalez88@gmail.comPurpose: To evaluate the results of central pars plana vitrectomy + phacoemulsification + intraocular lens implantation in patients with small eyes, cataract, and narrow chambers.Methods: This prospective study was carried out in 89 eyes of 58 patients undergoing central pars plana vitrectomy + phacoemulsification + IOL implantation in small eyes with cataract at Clínica La Luz Eye Institute in Lima, Peru.Results: The mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.8± 0.6 preoperatively, 0.5± 0.6 at 1 month, 0.3± 0.3 at 6 months, 0.1± 0.1 at 9 months, and 0.05± 0.1 at 1 year, which was statistically significant from the preoperative period to 1 year of follow-up. Mean intraocular pressure was 22.09± 2.4 mmHg preoperatively, 14.55± 2.9 mmHg at 1 day, 12.94± 2.04 mmHg at 1 month, 12.01± 1.2 mmHg at 6 months, 12.20± 1.9 mmHg at 9 months, and 11.34± 1.1 mmHg at 1 year. The reduction in the intraocular pressure from the preoperative control period to the follow-up at 1 year was statistically significant. There was only one complication, a rupture of the posterior capsule, which was quickly resolved.Conclusion: Central pars plana vitrectomy with phacoemulsification is a safe and effective technique to perform in narrow chambers with all types of cataracts, in experienced hands, which can avoid intraoperative complications.Keywords: best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, intraocular lens implantation, crowded anterior chamber

MONOGRAFÍA: ENSEÑANZA DE LA GRAMÁTICA EN ELE: RESULTADOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y NUEVAS PROPUESTAS En la era de aprendizaje actual, el entorno M@estro surge como un concepto global del aprendizaje y enseñanza de la lengua, cuya visión didáctica permite formar a futuros profesores en una concepción consciente sobre cómo enseñar ELE en una sociedad cambiante. Concretamente, la enseñanza de contenidos gramaticales en ELE puede presentar obstáculos a la hora de llevarlos al aula de una manera consciente, eficaz y accesible tanto para docentes como discentes. Este entorno promueve el enriquecimiento y la diversificación de la enseñanza de la gramática, donde una práctica docente ecléctica y suficientemente flexible permite adaptarse a realidades y necesidades en constante evolución. Así, en el presente artículo pretendemos presentar y explicar este entorno didáctico, e ilustrar su funcionamiento por medio de la aplicación de cada uno de sus principios al tratamiento de los contenidos gramaticales en el aula. ABSTRACT In the current learning era, the M@estro environment emerges as a global concept of language learning and teaching. This didactic vision enables to train future teachers in how to teach ELE in a changing society. More specifically, teaching grammatical content in ELE can often represent a barrier in bringing it to the classroom in a conscious, effective and accessible way, both for teachers and students. This environment promotes the enrichment and diversification of grammar teaching, where an eclectic and sufficiently flexible teaching practice allows adapting to constantly evolving realities and needs. Therefore, in this article we intend to present and explain this teaching environment and illustrate its operation through the application of each of its principles to the treatment of grammatical content in the classroom.

This paper reported on the study of fragmentation pattern in mass spectrometry of 1,2,5-oxadiazole N-oxide derivatives involving deuterium-labeled analogues to identify some critical fragmentations. A neutral CH2O loss from 3-hydroxymethyl-N2-oxide-4-phenyl-1,2,5-oxadiazole was confirmed with the corresponding mono-deuterated analogue. An OH loss, involving the oxygen of N-oxide, via beta-H and delta-H rearrangement, was clearly revealed from 3-(4-methylpiperazine-1-ylmethyl)-N2 -oxide-4-phenyl-1,2,5-oxadiazole using the adequate tetra-deuterated analogue. N-oxide isomer and deoxygenated analogues were also used to confirm the participation of the oxide moiety in the fragmentation process.

El trastorno bipolar es una enfermedad crónica que provoca cambios patológicos del estado de ánimo. Aunque se piensa que puede estar infradiagnosticado, se estima una prevalencia de entre el 1 y el 2.5%. Para su tratamiento existe un amplio arsenal farmacológico, no obstante es la combinación de medicación y psicoterapia la que consigue los mejores resultados.A continuación, se expone el caso de AF, diagnosticado de trastorno bipolar hace más de 20 años a lo largo de los cuales ha requerido varios ingresos en la unidad de agudos de referencia. Este caso que sigue el curso típico de la enfermedad, ilustra a la perfección la complejidad de atención que requiere el paciente con trastorno mental grave

1. Colombia tiene amplias posibilidades de desarrollar una industria frutícola floreciente dadas las excepcionales condiciones de ubicación geográfica, diversidad de climas y de suelos. 2. La deficiente producción frutera actual es el resultado de una reunión de factores adversos, entre los que resalta el desconocimiento de los problemas científicos que afectan a dicha industria. En este aspecto, los problemas fitosanitarios, abandonados y faltos de investigación, ocupan lugar preponderante. 3. Las moscas Anastrephas constituyen la plaga más importante de la fruticultura nacional, y por esta razón, un estudio sobre estos insectos es un tema de importancia. 4. Las principales "moscas de las frutas" pertenecen dentro de la familia Trypetidae, a los géneros: Dacus, Rhaglethis, Ceratitis, Dactrocera y Anastrepha. 5. Los nombres comunes con que se conocen las moscas Anastrephas varían de un país a otro y se relacionan particularmente con el lugar de origen de las distintas especies o la fruta determinada como preterida por la mosca en una localidad. En Colombia la denominación vernácula más difundida es la de "gusano de las frutas". También se nombra el insecto como "mosca o gusano del mango" o "gusano de la guayaba". 6. Los nombres científicos de las moscas distinguen a una, gran cantidad de especies. En Colombia, varios autores han reportado la existencia de las especies A.fraterculus, A. ludens, A. mombinpracoptans, A. pikeli y A. serpentina. Todas estas especies inciden en las regiones colombianas comprendidas entre 0 y 2000 metros de altura, es decir, en casi todas las regiones agrícolas importantes (frutales, café, cacao) de temperaturas entre 14° y 30° C. 7. Las moscas Anastrephas están confinadas casi exclusivamente al continente americano entre las latitudes 27° N. y 35° S. Particularmente, la especie A. fraterculus, una de las más difundidas en Colombia, fué determinada por Wiedemann (1830) como oriunda del Brasil, es decir una especie enteramente tropical. 8. Dentro de los dípteros, las moscas del género Anastrepha se pueden clasificar como suborden Cyclorrapha, serie Schyzophora, sección Myodaria, subsección Acalyptratae, familia Trypetidae. 9. Las moscas Anastrephas cumplen su ciclo biológico al través de 4 estados metamorfósicos que ocurren así: imago en el ambiente aéreo, huevo y larva en la fruta y pupa en el suelo. En cada uno de los estados metamorfósicos, el insecto exhibe las características comunes de los dípteros. 10. Los huevos miden l , mm.; son de forma ovalada y ápices un tanto agudos, de color blancuzco ligeramente cremoso. La incubación demora de 4 a 7 días; el número de huevos por postura es de 3 y hasta l. La incubación de los huevos y la vida de la larva recién nacida son afectados por temperatura, humedad y determinados factores resultantes de la condición de madurez de la fruta. 11. Las larvas son vermiformes, puntiagudas en la cabeza, de color amarillo crema claro en tonalidades diversas hasta blanquecino o cremoso. No poseen patas; no tienen ojos ni antenas. Su tamaño y la duración del período larvario varían con la temperatura, la humedad, y diversas condiciones de la fruta en cuanto a cantidad de material parásito, acidez, estado de madurez, etc. El número de larvas puede ser de 1 a 3 por fruta y hasta cifras muy elevadas como 72, según la población de moscas y la clase de fruta. Las larvas adquieren su desarrollo completo entre tres estadios y dos "écdicis". 12. Las pupas son ovaladas como una barrilito; miden de 3 a 7 mm, de largo x 1 1⁄2 a 21⁄2 de ancho. Son de color castaño claro en tonalidades hasta el tabaco oscuro. La duración del período de pupa, así como diferentes hechos relacionados con el estado, sufren variaciones debidas a temperatura, humedad, acidez, soltura y textura del suelo, que es el medio donde normalmente ocurre el empupamiento. 13. El estado perfecto del insecto o imago posee características bien definidas que permiten diferenciarlo de otros insectos con facilidad. Miden de 10 a 15 mm, con las alas extendidas y 6 a 9 mm, de largo sin contar el vigoroso ovipositor que ostenta el insecto hembra. Las moscas son de color vistoso, ligeramente amarillo hacia parcia oscuro. Las notas sobresalientes son las manchas alares de color humo que se hallan dispuestas en forma de barra, de S inclinada y de V invertida; las cerdas y pelos del cuerpo (tórax y base de la cabeza); los ojos grandes de color verde brillante; los tres ocelos sobre fondo oscuro; la frente amplia, la probaseis bien desarrollada; las tres líneas sobre el tórax de color amarillo sobre fondo rubio, en sentido longitudinal; el abdomen en forma de pera y el ovipositor en las hembras. 14. El insecto exhibe gran facilidad de reproducción a Juzgar por el volumen máximo de oviposición (hasta 800 huevos) y la relación macho -hembra (1 : 2) 15. Las distintas especies del insecto se pueden diferenciar entre sí por la disposición y características de las manchas alares, los manchas toráxicas, la forma y el tamaño del ovipositor, y algunos detalles del abdomen. 16. La especie A. fraterculus ha sido encontrada en 40 frutos distintos en el país, en su gran mayoría de importancia económica. 17. Las preferencias selectivas que el insecto exhibe para alimentación y oviposición son fenómenos de vigencia local regidos por diversos factores ambientales y condiciones propias de los distintos frutos parasitados. 18. Las Anastrephts son parásitos específicos del fruto. Sus daños son muy importantes en la generalidad de los frutos atacados (carnosos y jugosos) porque destruyen la parte comestible o comercial de éstos, inutilizándolos totalmente para el consumo humano. 19. Los daños del insecto se pueden diferenciar de otros daños producidos por insectos parásitos de los frutos, aparte de sus características especiales en el estado dañino (larva) o en el estado perfecto (mosca), por estos simples detalles: a) Los huevos y las larvas se encuentran dentro del fruto parasitado. b) Los frutos parasitados no presentan orificios de entrada de las larvas. c) Los frutos no se deforman, ni sufren daño alguno en su semilla. 20. La influencia de los distintos factores que, actúan sobre la vida del insecto a través de los distintos estados de su ciclo, pueden resumirse así: a) Los niveles intermedios de humedad y temperatura son óptimos para la vida y desarrollo del insecto. b) Los niveles fuertes de acidez son limitantes para la vida del huevo, la larva y la pupa. c) La textura del suelo en asocio de la humedad determina la profundidad del empupamiento y la rapidez con que se efectúa el proceso. 21. Para controlar el insecto es preciso recurrir a la combinación de diversas prácticas de control artificial, cultural y biológico asesoradas por inteligente legislación al respecto. En forma aislada, cualquiera de los sistemas de control conocidos, parece inefectivo y puede rendir escasos beneficios. Esto se debe al carácter mismo de la plaga, particularmente en cuanto se refiere a su amplitud poligráfica, hábitos, y ocurrencia nacional. 22. Entre las prácticas de control artificial, el uso de insecticidas moderno, parece la más efectiva si bien, encierra algunos peligros, sobre todo en cuanto a la conservación de los recursos biológicos y el equilibrio faunístico de la población entomológica. Los experimentos conducidos revelan que los siguientes insecticidas : Chlordano al ½%, DDT al ½%" Metoxychlor al 0,01 %, Toxapheno al ½% , Aldrin al 0,0002%, Dieldrin al 0,0003%, y Pyrenone (Butóxido de piperonil y piretrinas) al 0,25 % son altamente tóxicos para las moscas aplicados en forma de aspersión sobre el vegetal o adicionados al suelo en el momento del empupamiento, para impedir la formación de la pupa y la emersión normal de las moscas. 23. En cuanto a defensa cuarentenaria, la refrigeración de las frutas a temperaturas letales para la mosca y la esterilización de los mismos en atmósfera de vapor saturado, son medidas de importancia y recomendables. 24. En las prácticas de control cultural, es de suma importancia el manejo de los frutos, labor que puede ser: a) Embolsado de los frutos, cuando se trate de huertos pequeños, de frutos valiosos, y vegetales que permitan el fácil acceso a aquéllos. b) Destrucción de los frutos atacados en regiones sin parásitos de la mosca, enterrándolos a profundidades convenientes. c) Recolección y almacenamiento de los frutos atacados, en pozos provistos de tapas especiales, cuando se trate el problema en regiones con parásitos de la mosca. 25. La picada superficial del suelo debajo Je los frutales y un riego corto hasta saturación del suelo en la época del empupamiento, son labores culturales que pueden ayudar a la labor de los parásitos y a la destrucción de muchas pupas por la acción de los factores ambientales (luz, calor, exposición a la sequía, etc.). 26. Las plantas hospedadoras silvestres pueden utilizarse como planta-trampas recolectando los frutos atacados oportunamente y almacenándolos en pozos provistos con tapa, a fin de favorecer la multiplicación de los parásitos de la mosca. En caso contrario, la destrucción de tales plantas hospedadoras silvestres, es lo más aconsejable. 27. Colombia cuenta con ignorados recursos biológicos para el control de las Anastrephas. Se ha logrado aislar algunos parásitos de larvas procedentes de varias frutas, entre los cuales se han identificado Ganaspis carvalhoi Dett., y otras especies relacionadas posiblemente; Diachasma (O.) crawfordi Vier., Odontosema anastrephae Borgm., Heteropilus,spp., posiblemente; Opius trinidadensis Gah., O. crawfordi Vier. Además se ha comprobado el parasitismo de la Sphalangia pilippinensis sobre las pupas de las Anastrephas. En otros países afectados se conocen numerosas especies parásitas de importancia. 28. El Estado es la entidad llamada a organizar una campaña de control de las Anastrephas, luego de concienzudos estudios sobre los recursos biológicos de parásitos y predatores, y de las posibles introducciones de especies foráneas de la misma índole. Es el Estado igualmente, la única entidad capaz de aunar esfuerzos y recursos para lograr una labor realmente efectiva en el control de esta terrible plaga de la fruticultura colombiana.

Radioactive radon gas poses significant threats to human health. Understanding the complexities of radon distribution and the dynamic relationship with atmospheric parameters will help in mitigating its impact. In this study, Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MF-DFA) and chaos analysis were used to examine the fractal structure in radon gas at La Cueva del Viento, Tenerife, between January 2021 and December 2022. The results showed that radon has multifractal properties in 2021, 2022, and 2021-2022, with values of the spectrum with of about 0.43, 0.49 and 0.44 respectively. The multifractality in radon gas was found to be driven by both long-range correlations and fat-tail distribution. Radon gas concentration at La Cueva del Viento was found to be chaotic in nature, hence, long-term prediction is impossible. Meteorological parameters such as relative humidity, air temperature and pressure were found to contribute to the variation in radon gas concentration within the cave. Relative humidity was observed to have the strongest cross-correlation with radon gas in 2021, 2022, and 2021-2022. The results from this study will help in dosimetric control for both workers and visitors to the cave., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Wild fruits, particularly the underutilized sloe (Prunus spinosa), are gaining interest as natural antioxidants, with residues from liqueur production being a source of bioactive compounds. This study proposes a sustainable approach for valorizing sloe residues, seeds and skins, by employing an innovative green extraction method. HPLC-ESI-QTOF and spectrophotometric techniques were used to explore the phenolic profile, highlighting the predominance of quercetin, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic and ferulic acids (9.7-57 μg·g -1 ). In addition, the presence of Cu, Zn and Ca was confirmed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Simultaneously, their neuroprotective potential against Alzheimer's disease (AD) was studied by exploring the inhibition of beta-amyloid aggregation and oxidative stress cytoprotection in SH-SY5Y cell line, standing out 1 μg·g -1 and 10 μg·g -1 extracts of sloe skin. Phenolic composition was correlated with bioactivities by means of multivariate analysis. These results contributed to highlight the potential of this bio-residue as a neuroprotective agent against AD in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, is the primary cause of dementia. Despite significant advancements in neuroscience, a definitive cure or treatment for this debilitating disease remains elusive. A notable characteristic of AD is oxidative stress, which has been identified as a potential therapeutic target. Polyphenols, secondary metabolites of plant origin, have attracted attention due to their potent antioxidant properties. Epidemiological studies suggest a correlation between the consumption of polyphenol-rich foods and the prevention of chronic diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, which underscores the potential of polyphenols as a therapeutic strategy in AD management. Hence, this comprehensive review focuses on the diverse roles of polyphenols in AD, with a particular emphasis on neuroprotective potential. Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were used as leading databases for study selection, from 2018 to late March 2024. Analytical chemistry serves as a crucial tool for characterizing polyphenols, with a nuanced exploration of their extraction methods from various sources, often employing chemometric techniques for a holistic interpretation of the advances in this field. Moreover, this review examines current in vitro and in vivo research, aiming to enhance the understanding of polyphenols' role in AD, and providing valuable insights for forthcoming approaches in this context.

We assembled the first gridded burned area (BA) database of national wildfire data (ONFIRE), a comprehensive and integrated resource for researchers, non-government organisations, and government agencies analysing wildfires in various regions of the Earth. We extracted and harmonised records from different regions and sources using open and reproducible methods, providing data in a common framework for the whole period available (starting from 1950 in Australia, 1959 in Canada, 1985 in Chile, 1980 in Europe, and 1984 in the United States) up to 2021 on a common 1° × 1° grid. The data originate from national agencies (often, ground mapping), thus representing the best local expert knowledge. Key opportunities and limits in using this dataset are discussed as well as possible future expansions of this open-source approach that should be explored. This dataset complements existing gridded BA data based on remote sensing and offers a valuable opportunity to better understand and assess fire regime changes, and their drivers, in these regions. The ONFIRE database can be freely accessed at https://zenodo.org/record/8289245 ., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Objectives: To identify predictors for developing delayed neurological syndrome (DNS) after an initial episode of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning in the interest of detecting patients most likely to develop DNS so that they can be followed., Material and Methods: Retrospective review of cases of CO poisoning treated in the past 10 years in the emergency departments of 4 hospitals in the AMICO study (Spanish acronym for the multicenter analysis of CO poisoning). We analyzed demographic characteristics of the patients and the clinical characteristics of the initial episode. The records of the cohort of patients with available follow-up information were reviewed to find cases of DNS. Data were analyzed by multivariant analysis to determine the relationship to characteristics of the initial exposure to CO., Results: A total of 240 cases were identified. The median (interquartile range) age of the patients was 36.2 years (17.6-49.6 years); 108 patients (45.0%) were men, and the poisoning was accidental in 223 cases (92.9%). The median carboxyhemoglobin concentration on presentation was 12.7% (6.2%-18.7%). Follow-up details were available for 44 patients (18.3%). Eleven of those patients (25%) developed DNS. A low initial Glasgow Coma Scale score predicted the development of DNS with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.61 (95% CI, 0.41-0.92) and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.876 (95% CI, 0.761-0.990) (P .001)., Conclusion: The initial Glasgow Coma Scale score seems to be a clinical predictor of DNS after CO poisoning. We consider it important to establish follow-up protocols for patients with CO poisoning treated in hospital EDs.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline and the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles in the brain. Current therapies have limited efficacy, prompting the search for novel treatments. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have emerged as promising candidates for AD therapy due to their unique physicochemical properties and potential therapeutic effects. This review provides an overview of SeNPs and their potential application in AD treatment, as well as the main bioanalytical techniques applied in this field. SeNPs possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, making them potential candidates to combat the oxidative stress and neuroinflammation associated with AD. Moreover, SeNPs have shown the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), allowing them to target brain regions affected by AD pathology. Various methods for synthesizing SeNPs are explored, including chemical, physical and biological synthesis approaches. Based on the employment of algae, yeast, fungi, and plants, green methods offer a promising and biocompatible alternative for SeNPs production. In vitro studies have demonstrated the potential of SeNPs in reducing beta-amyloid aggregation and inhibiting tau hyperphosphorylation, providing evidence of their neuroprotective effects on neuronal cells. In vivo studies using transgenic mouse models and AD-induced symptoms have shown promising results, with SeNPs treatment leading to cognitive improvements and reduced amyloid plaque burden in the hippocampus. Looking ahead, future trends in SeNPs research involve developing innovative brain delivery strategies to enhance their therapeutic potential, exploring alternative animal models to complement traditional mouse studies, and investigating multi-targeted SeNPs formulations to address multiple aspects of AD pathology. Overall, SeNPs represent a promising avenue for AD treatment, and further research in this field may pave the way for effective and much-needed therapeutic interventions for individuals affected by this debilitating disease., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Bioactive compounds extracted from plum seeds were identified and quantified, aiming to establish how the brandy manufacturing process affects the properties and possible cascade valorization of seed residues. Extraction with n -hexane using Soxhlet has provided oils rich in unsaturated fatty acids (92.24-92.51%), mainly oleic acid (72-75.56%), which is characterized by its heart-healthy properties. The fat extracts also contain tocopherols with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. All the ethanol-water extracts of the defatted seeds contain neochlorogenic acid (90-368 µg·g -1 ), chlorogenic acid (36.1-117 µg·g -1 ), and protocatechuate (31.8-100 µg·g -1 ) that have an impact on bioactive properties such as antimicrobial and antioxidant. Anti-amyloidogenic activity (25 mg·mL -1 ) was observed in the after both fermentation and distillation extract, which may be related to high levels of caffeic acid (64 ± 10 µg·g -1 ). The principal component analysis showed that all plum seed oils could have potential applications in the food industry as edible oils or in the cosmetic industry as an active ingredient in anti-aging and anti-stain cosmetics, among others. Furthermore, defatted seeds, after both fermentation and distillation, showed the greatest applicability in the food and nutraceutical industry as a food supplement or as an additive in the design of active packaging.

The integrated valorization of food chain waste is one of the most promising alternatives in the transition to a sustainable bioeconomy. Thus, an efficient solid-phase matrix dispersion extraction method, using experimental factorial design and response surface methodology, has been developed and optimized for the recovery of polyphenols from defatted cherry seeds obtained after cherry liquor manufacture and subsequent fatty acid extraction, evaluating the effect of each processing step on the composition and phenolic content of sweet cherry residues. The phenolic extracts before fermentation showed the highest content of total polyphenols (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) (3 ± 1 mg QE·g -1 and 1.37 ± 0.08 mg GAE·g -1 , respectively), while the highest antioxidant capacity was obtained in the defatted seed extracts after both fermentation and distillation. In addition, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) was used to determine the phenolic profile. Dihydroxybenzoic acid, neochlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and quercetin were the main phenolics found, showing differences in concentration between the stages of liquor production. The results underline the prospective of cherry by-products for obtaining phenol-rich bioactive extracts for possible use in different industrial sectors, offering a feasible solution for the cascade valorization of cherry agri-food waste.

From November 2014 to May 2017, 332 patients homogeneously treated with bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (VRD) induction, autologous stem cell transplant, and VRD consolidation were randomly assigned to receive maintenance therapy with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (RD; 161 patients) vs RD plus ixazomib (IRD; 171 patients). RD consisted of lenalidomide 15 mg/d from days 1 to 21 plus dexamethasone 20 mg/d on days 1 to 4 and 9 to 12 at 4-week intervals, whereas in the IRD arm, oral ixazomib at a dose of 4 mg on days 1, 8, and 15 was added. Therapy for patients with negative measurable residual disease (MRD) after 24 cycles was discontinued, whereas those who tested positive for MRD remained on maintenance with RD for 36 more cycles. After a median follow-up of 69 months from the initiation of maintenance, the progression-free survival (PFS) was similar in both arms, with a 6-year PFS rate of 61.3% and 55.6% for RD and IRD, respectively (hazard ratio, 1.136; 95% confidence interval, 0.809-1.603). After 2 years of maintenance, treatment was discontinued in 163 patients with negative MRD, whereas 63 patients with positive MRD continued with RD therapy. Maintenance discontinuation in patients tested negative for MRD resulted in a low progression rate (17.2% at 4 years), even in patients with high-risk features. In summary, our results show the efficacy of RD maintenance and support the safety of maintenance therapy discontinuation in patients with negative MRD at 2 years. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02406144 and at EudraCT as 2014-00055410., (© 2023 by The American Society of Hematology.)

Prunus fruit seeds are one of the main types of agri-food waste generated worldwide during the processing of fruits to produce jams, juices and preserves. To valorize this by-product, the aim of this work was the nutritional analysis of peach, apricot, plum and cherry seeds using the official AOAC methods, together with the extraction and characterization of the lipid profile of seed oils using GC-FID, as well as the measurement of the antioxidant activity and oxidative stability using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging method. Chemometric tools were required for data evaluation and the obtained results indicated that the main component of seeds were oils (30-38%, w). All seed oils were rich in oleic (C18:1n9c) and linoleic (C18:2n6c) acids and presented heart-healthy lipid indexes. Oil antioxidant activity was estimated in the range IC 50 = 20-35 mg·mL -1 , and high oxidative stability was observed for all evaluated oils during 1-22 storage days, with the plum seed oil being the most antioxidant and stable over time. Oxidative stability was also positively correlated with oleic acid content and negatively correlated with linoleic acid content. Therefore, this research showed that the four Prunus seed oils present interesting healthy characteristics for their use and potential application in the cosmetic and nutraceutical industries.

During bone regeneration, the periosteum acts as a carrier for key regenerative cues, delivering osteochondroprogenitor cells and crucial growth factors to the injured bone. We developed a biocompatible, 3D polycaprolactone (PCL) melt electro-written membrane to act as a mimetic periosteum. Poly (ethyl acrylate) coating of the PCL membrane allowed functionalization, mediated by fibronectin and low dose recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) (10-25 μg/ml), resulting in efficient, sustained osteoinduction in vitro. In vivo, rhBMP-2 functionalized mimetic periosteum demonstrated regenerative potential in the treatment of rat critical-size femoral defects with highly efficient healing and functional recovery (80%-93%). Mimetic periosteum has also proven to be efficient for cell delivery, as observed through the migration of transplanted periosteum-derived mesenchymal cells to the bone defect and their survival. Ultimately, mimetic periosteum demonstrated its ability to deliver key stem cells and morphogens to an injured site, exposing a therapeutic and translational potential in vivo when combined with unprecedentedly low rhBMP-2 doses., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)

The fortification of foods with bioactive polyphenols aims to improve their functional properties and to provide health benefits. Yet, to exert their benefits, phenolic compounds must be released from the food matrix and absorbed by the small intestine after digestion, so assessing their bioaccessibility is crucial to determine their potential role. This work aims to incorporate Citrus reticulata Blanco peel extracts into wheat bread as a promising opportunity to increase their bioactive potential, along with supporting the sustainable management of citrus-industry waste. A control and a wheat bread enriched at 2% and 4% ( w / v ) with a phenolic extract from mandarin peels were prepared and analyzed for antioxidant activity and phenolic composition using LC-MS and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. In addition, in vitro digestion was performed, and the digested extracts were analyzed with HPLC-MS/MS. The results showed a significant increase in total flavonoid content (TFC, 2.2 ± 0.1 mg·g -1 ), antioxidant activity (IC 50 = 37 ± 4 mg·g -1 ), and contents of quercetin, caffeic acid, and hesperidin in the 4% ( w / v ) enriched bread. Yet, most polyphenols were completely degraded after the in vitro digestion process, barring hesperidin (159 ± 36 μg·g -1 ), highlighting the contribution of citrus enrichment in the development of an enriched bread with antioxidant potential.

Introduction: There is no consensus on whether invasive ventilation should use low tidal volumes (V T ) to prevent lung complications in patients at risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The purpose of this study is to determine if a low V T strategy is more effective than an intermediate V T strategy in preventing pulmonary complications., Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted in invasively ventilated patients with a lung injury prediction score (LIPS) of >4 performed in the intensive care units of 10 hospitals in Spain and one in the United States of America (USA) from 3 November 2014 to 30 August 2016. Patients were randomized to invasive ventilation using low V T (≤ 6 mL/kg predicted body weight, PBW) ( N  = 50) or intermediate V T (> 8 mL/kg PBW) ( N  = 48). The primary endpoint was the development of ARDS during the first 7 days after the initiation of invasive ventilation. Secondary endpoints included the development of pneumonia and severe atelectases; the length of intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay; and ICU, hospital, 28- and 90-day mortality., Results: In total, 98 patients [67.3% male], with a median age of 65.5 years [interquartile range 55-73], were enrolled until the study was prematurely stopped because of slow recruitment and loss of equipoise caused by recent study reports. On day 7, five (11.9%) patients in the low V T group and four (9.1%) patients in the intermediate V T group had developed ARDS (risk ratio, 1.16 [95% CI, 0.62-2.17]; p  = 0.735). The incidence of pneumonia and severe atelectasis was also not different between the two groups. The use of a low V T strategy did neither affect the length of ICU and hospital stay nor mortality rates., Conclusions: In patients at risk for ARDS, a low V T strategy did not result in a lower incidence of ARDS than an intermediate V T strategy. Clinical Trial Registration : ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02070666., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 de Haro, Neto, Gomà, González, Ortega, Forteza, Frutos-Vivar, García, Simonis, Gordo-Vidal, Suarez, Schultz and Artigas.)

Background: In recent years, chronic kidney disease has increased in the pediatric population and has been related to environmental factors. In the diagnosis of kidney damage, in addition to the traditional parameters, early kidney damage biomarkers, such as kidney injury molecule 1, cystatin C, and osteopontin, among others, have been implemented as predictors of early pathological processes., Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between exposure to environmental pollutants and early kidney damage biomarkers., Methods: A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted in February 2016 and involved 115 apparently healthy children aged 6-15 residing in Apizaco, Tlaxcala. Participant selection was carried out randomly from among 16,472 children from the municipality of Apizaco. A socio-demographic questionnaire included  age, sex, education, duration of residence in the area, occupation, water consumption and dietary habits, pathological history, and some non-specific symptoms. Physical examination included blood pressure, weight, and height. The urine concentrations of urinary aluminum, total arsenic, boron, calcium, chromium, copper, mercury, potassium, sodium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, lead, selenium, silicon, thallium, vanadium, uranium, and zinc, were measured. Four of the 115 participants selected for the study were excluded due to an incomplete questionnaire or lack of a medical examination, leaving a final sample population of 111 participants., Results: The results showed a mean estimated glomerular filtration rate of 89.1 ± 9.98 mL/min/1.73m 2 and a mean albumin/creatinine ratio of 12.9 ± 16.7 mg/g urinary creatinine. We observed a positive and significant correlation between estimated glomerular filtration rate with fluoride, total arsenic and lead, and a correlation of albumin/creatinine ratio with fluoride, vanadium, and total arsenic. There was also a significant correlation between the early kidney damage biomarkers and fluoride, vanadium, and total arsenic, except for cystatin C., Conclusion: In conclusion, our results show that four urinary biomarkers: α1-microglobulin, cystatin C, kidney injury molecule 1, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin are related to environmental exposure to urinary fluoride, vanadium, and total arsenic in our pediatric population., (© 2023. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Italian Society of Nephrology.)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, representing 80% of the total dementia cases. The "amyloid cascade hypothesis" stablishes that the aggregation of the beta-amyloid protein (Aβ 42 ) is the first event that subsequently triggers AD development. Selenium nanoparticles stabilized with chitosan (Ch-SeNPs) have demonstrated excellent anti-amyloidogenic properties in previous works, leading to an improvement of AD aetiology. Here, the in vitro effect of selenium species in AD model cell line has been study to obtain a better assessment of their effects in AD treatment. For this purpose, mouse neuroblastoma (Neuro-2a) and human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell lines were used. Cytotoxicity of selenium species, such as selenomethionine (SeMet), Se-methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys) and Ch-SeNPs, has been determined by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry methods. Intracellular localisation of Ch-SeNPs, and their pathway through SH-SY5Y cell line, have been evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The uptake and accumulation of selenium species by both neuroblastoma cell lines have been quantified at single cell level by single cell- Inductively Coupled Plasma with Mass Spectrometry detection (SC-ICP-MS), with a previous optimisation of transport efficiency using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) ((69 ± 3) %) and 2.5 mm calibration beads ((92 ± 8) %). Results showed that Ch-SeNPs would be more readily accumulated by both cell lines than organic species being accumulation ranges between 1.2 and 89.5 fg Se cell -1 for Neuro-2a and 3.1-129.8 fg Se cell -1 for SH-SY5Y exposed to 250 μM Ch-SeNPs. Data obtained were statistically treated using chemometric tools. These results provide an important insight into the interaction of Ch-SeNPs with neuronal cells, which could support their potential use in AD treatment., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: The high prevalence of obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity in Chile despite government-sponsored measures and campaigns, along with others in the last 30 years, suggests additional reinforcement of these efforts at the primary care level., Objectives: To determine if lifestyles and modifiable health risk factors in first-year students from the University of Chile Faculties of Medicine and Dentistry, potential future promoters of healthy lifestyles, show changes throughout their first academic year., Methods: In a randomized stratified sample of 388 students according to sex and chosen career weight, height, waist circumference, waist circumference-weight ratio, food consumption, smoking prevalence and dependence, alcohol use, perceived stress level, and physical activity were measured at the first week, 3 and 6 months after their admission. The Cochrane test assessed dichotomic variables, and the Friedman test was used for nonparametric values., Results: 253 students (186 women) completed the follow-up. A significant worsening of obesity (general and abdominal) and physical inactivity, persistent moderate and high-stress perception, and smoking prevalence were documented throughout the study period., Conclusions: The progressive obesity and physical inactivity, high-stress perception, and persistent smoking prevalence in the first year of academic life suggest considering measures in the curricular academic structure that facilitate adjustments in the student's lifestyles. Future follow-up of this cohort, increasing participants, and assessing students' mental health are planned.