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[ES] La sociedad actual, cada vez más preocupada por los impactos ambientales derivados de las actividades cotidianas, demanda información sobre las consecuencias que provocan sus acciones, para tratar de seleccionar opciones más sostenibles. Una prueba es que la sociedad se ha familiarizado con términos como agricultura ecológica, como grado de eficiencia energética en los electrodomésticos o como huella de carbono en un sinfín de productos y servicios. En el Foro Económico Mundial de 2019, Ipsos realizó una encuesta que mostró que las tres principales preocupaciones de carácter medioambiental de los ciudadanos eran el cambio climático, la contaminación del aire y la generación de residuos. Una de las herramientas para contribuir a la reducción de la generación de residuos son las etiquetas ecológicas, pero presentan una dificultad para los consumidores finales ya que en muchas ocasiones no se conoce su significado o su interpretación es compleja. El objetivo de la presente comunicación es la propuesta de una ecoetiqueta aplicable a todos los productos consumibles de venta en supermercados y establecimientos similares, que facilite datos sobre la composición de envases y embalajes de modo que los consumidores sean conocedores de la cantidad de residuos generada y puedan seleccionar la opción más sostenible., [EN] Today's society, increasingly concerned about the environmental impacts of daily activities, demands information about the consequences of its actions, in order to try to select more sustainable options. One proof is that society has become familiar with terms such as organic farming, energy efficiency in household appliances or carbon footprint in many products and services. At the World Economic Forum in 2019, Ipsos carried out a survey in which the three main environmental concerns of citizens were climate change, air pollution and waste generation. One of the tools for contributing to the reduction of waste generation are ecolabels, but they present a difficulty for end consumers as their meaning is often not known or their interpretation is complex. The objective of this Communication is to propose an ecolabel applicable to all consumable products sold in supermarkets and similar establishments, providing data on the composition of packaging and containers so that consumers are aware of the amount of waste generated and can select the most sustainable option.

[EN] Companies that implement Integrated Management Systems (IMS) require approaches that optimize resources and results. In the case of IMS of a new or emerging nature, the use of dynamics risk analysis approaches and the integration of real¿time monitoring data in the risk assessment process offers news perspectives. The objective of this work is to identify and classify leading indicators that facilitate the dynamic analyses of emerging risks in an IMS for quality, envi¿ ronment, and safety. For it, such indicator analysis has been based on a bibliographic analysis. Regarding results, firstly, a structure of indicators emerges configured of three categories organized in two levels. At the first level, it is established by the indicators of the IMS which can be integrated. The second level is configured of two categories of interrelated indicators, that is, process integrity indicators and occupational risks indicators. In turn, each of these three categories has two dimensions. The first dimension represents the direction of the indicator, leading or lagging indicator. The second dimension represents the risk nature, emerging or traditional risk. Secondly, a classification of the leading indicators is derived according to the categories of the indicators and the risk nature. This classification shows the direction of the leading indicators as well as qualitative graduation of the potential associated consequences. Said theoretical framework has been applied to a case study configured by a manufacturing process. Thus, a conceptual scheme has been developed that represents the first step towards a more in¿depth and detailed development that allows the identification and definition of specific leading indicators within an IMS from a dynamic and emerging risk perspective.

[EN] Asset management, as a global process through which value is added to a company, is a managerial model that involves major changes in strategies, technologies, and resources; risk management; and a change in the attitude of the people involved. The growing commitment of companies to sustainability results in them applying this approach to all their activities. For this reason, it is relevant to develop sustainability risk assessment procedures in industrial assets. This paper presents a methodological framework for the inclusion of sustainability aspects in the risk management of industrial assets. This approach presents a procedure to provide general criteria, methodology, and essential mandatory requirements to be adopted for the identification, analysis, and evaluation of sustainability aspects, impacts, and risks related to assets owned and managed by an industrial company. The proposed procedure is based on ISO 55,000 and ISO 31,000 standards and was developed following three steps: a preliminary study, identification of sustainability aspects and sustainability risks/opportunities, and impact assessment and residual risks management. Our results could serve as a model that facilitates the improvement of sustainability analysis risks in industrial assets and could be used as a basis for future developments in the application of the standards to optimize management of these assets.

Emerging risk models are still scarce and far from agreed upon. They are currently the focus of increasing interest in the occupational context. Consequently, frameworks that deal with emerging risk management in industrial contexts are very recent or, even still, in the development and maturation stage. Uncertainty should be considered as the main characteristic of emerging risk in this context. It is as such that the main objective of this paper is to develop a qualitative approach inspired by meta-learning lessons to the selection of strategies for emerging risk management, considering uncertainty as the main decision variable in occupational contexts. To this end, uncertainty has been integrated, as a combination of knowledge and understanding, in a theoretical framework on emerging risk. An emerging risk classification scheme has been developed with the results obtained. This scheme makes it possible to estimate the level of emerging risk and management strategies based on the combination of uncertainty and the potential consequences of emerging risk. Such approach has been applied to three case studies with different evolutionary degrees of emerging risk: exoskeletons; nanomaterials; and industrial automation. The proposed approach could be considered primarily as a qualitative tool applicable to the process of pre-assessment and communication of emerging risk.

It is important to evaluate the risks in industrial parks and their processes due to the consequences of major accidents and especially the domino effect. Scientific works present a wide possibility of models to deal with these situations. In this work, based on the information extracted from the scientific literature, six groups of risk methodologies are defined, analyzed, and characterized with methods that cover the standards, preventive, probabilistic, traditional, modern, and dynamic evaluation that are applied or could be used in industrial parks. It also tries to achieve the objective of determining which are more appropriate if the possible situations and causes that can produce an accident are taken into account, identifying and evaluating them with characteristics of simultaneity and immediacy, determining the probability of an accident occurring with sufficient advance in time to avoid it under the use of a working operational procedure. There is no definitive methodology, and it is necessary that they complement each other, but considering the proposed objective, the integrated application of traditional methodologies together with the management of safety barriers, the dynamic evaluation of risks, and the inclusion of machine learning systems could fulfill the proposed objective.

[EN] The size and complexity of industrial chemical plants, together with the nature of the products handled, means that an analysis and control of the risks involved is required. This paper presents a methodology for risk analysis in chemical and allied industries that is based on a combination of HAZard and OPerability analysis (HAZOP) and a quantitative analysis of the most relevant risks through the development of fault trees, fault tree analysis (FTA). Results from FTA allow prioritizing the preventive and corrective measures to minimize the probability of failure. An analysis of a case study is performed; it consists in the terminal for unloading chemical and petroleum products, and the fuel storage facilities of two companies, in the port of Valencia (Spain). HAZOP analysis shows that loading and unloading areas are the most sensitive areas of the plant and where the most significant danger is a fuel spill. FTA analysis indicates that the most likely event is a fuel spill in tank truck loading area. A sensitivity analysis from the FTA results show the importance of the human factor in all sequences of the possible accidents, so it should be mandatory to improve the training of the staff of the plants.

[EN] Green Public Procurement (GPP) is defined as a process of contracting products, services, and works with the least possible damage to the environment during their life cycle. In order to improve the knowledge about GPP, a study of the use of environmental tendering criteria in the Spanish public construction sector has been performed. The results of this study show that the use of environmental criteria in Spanish public sector construction procurement is low in comparison to a certain group of countries, known as Green 7 , in the European Union. Environmental criteria is the fourth criterion in importance, but its weight in the global of the process is much lower than other criteria such as price, memory of the construction process and the delivery time. National administrations use environmental criteria more frequently because they have more resources and staff training about environmental issues. Environmental criteria are more used in the tendering of civil projects and works whose budget exceeds ten million euro due to the environmental impact of these kind and/or size of projects.

[EN] As public procurement accounts for approximately 10 to 15% of gross domestic product (GDP) in developed countries, tendering mechanisms should be clearly defined in order to avoid any actions that could endanger the basic principle that all bidders should be on equal terms. An Abnormally Low Tender (ALT) is defined as an offer too low to provide a normal level of profit and that cannot be explained on the basis of construction methods, the technical solution chosen, the originality of the work, or the favorable conditions of the tenderer. Public bodies are well aware of the risk of accepting an offer that cannot be carried out and despite the difficulty of detection recommendations for their prevention usually focus on the price criterion. Most tenders are awarded to the economically most advantageous tender (EMAT), which is assessed by various criteria (including price), though other criteria often have equal or greater weight in the final decision. The method used in this research study is divided into two main phases. First, the score of the bidders is obtained for criteria evaluated by formulae other than price, based on the contract terms of three case studies, after which new scores for these award criteria are obtained from ALT formulae, then, the results of both scoring methods are analyzed. This paper defends the need to control abnormally low tenders by means of award criteria evaluated by formulae other than those of price.