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The aim of this study was to determine the presence of zoonotic gastrointestinal parasites by coprological examination in ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) reared as pets and the role of sex and age. The faeces of 30 ferrets were analysed, 16 [53.3%] from pet stores and 14 [46.7%] from homes in the city of Santiago and Concepción, Chile. Burrows' coprological technique was used for the diagnosis, which allows detecting eggs of protozoan helminths, cysts and trophozoites Three samples (10%) tested positive for protozoa, one for Entamoeba coli, in a 6 month old male from a pet store, and two for Endolimax nana in a 3-month-old female and a 2-year-old male from private homes. This would be the first record for the two species of protozoa commensals in ferrets in Chile, which were probably acquired by the close contact of mustelids with humans., El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la presencia de parásitos gastrointestinales zoonóticos mediante examen coproparasitológico en hurones (Mustela putorius furo) criados como mascotas y el rol de las variables sexo y edad. Se analizaron las heces de 30 hurones, 16 [53.3%] de tiendas de mascotas y 14 [46.7%] de hogares de la ciudad de Santiago y Concepción, Chile. Para el diagnóstico se utilizó la técnica coproparasitaria de Burrows, que permite detectar huevos de helmintos, quistes y trofozoítos de protozoos. Tres muestras (10%) resultaron positivas a protozoos, una a Entamoeba coli, en un macho de 6 meses de una tienda de mascotas, y dos a Endolimax nana en una hembra de 3 meses y un macho se 2 años, ambos de hogares. Este sería el primer registro para las dos especies de protozoos comensales en hurones en Chile, los que probablemente fueron adquiridos por el estrecho contacto de los mustélidos con los humanos. &nbsp

An ecological analysis of a tick (Ixodida: Ixodidae) community across a landscape gradient presenting differential anthropogenic disturbance in the Atlantic Forest ecoregion in Argentina was performed. Ticks were collected from vegetation and hosts between September 2014 and August 2016. A total of 12 697 free-living ticks and 3347 specimens from hosts were collected, including 317 ticks infesting humans. The values obtained show considerable species diversity in the forest environment accompanied by low equitability. The similarity index derived from a comparison of forest and agricultural environments was higher than that calculated by comparing forest and urban environments. The data suggest that although a cycle of one generation per year is apparent in some species, more than one cohort may co-exist within the populations of some of these species. Well-marked patterns of the seasonal distribution of free-living tick species emerged in environments with no anthropic modification. The results indicate that forest environments are more suitable habitats than agricultural and urban environments for many species of native tick, but are unsuitable for exotic species that have successfully established in environments that have been modified by man. Fil: Lamattina, Daniela. Ministerio de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Venzal, J. M.. Universidad de la República; Uruguay Fil: Costa, Sebastián Andrés. Ministerio de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical; Argentina Fil: Arrabal, Juan Pablo. Ministerio de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical; Argentina Fil: Flores, Fernando Sebastián. Ministerio de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Berrozpe, Pablo Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Ministerio de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical; Argentina Fil: González Acuña, D.. Universidad de Concepción; Chile Fil: Guglielmone, Alberto Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Eea, Rafaela; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Nava, Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Eea, Rafaela; Argentina

Salmonella enterica is a microorganism with high zoonotic potential, distributed worldwide, having more than 2,610 identified serovars and affecting different animal species, both production and wildlife animals. Objective: Prevention of human salmonellosis requires prior monitoring of Salmonella in animals. In this study. Salmonella enterica serovars from different animal origins were isolated and their antimicrobial susceptibility was determined. Methods: A total of 2193 samples from different origins (feces of cattle, sheep, horses, pigs, dog, chickens and seagulls and chicken eggs) were analyzed for bacterial typing and antimicrobial susceptibility was studied by the Kirby-Bauer method including 9 antibacterial agents (florfenicol, amoxicillin, ceftiofur, gentamicin, oxytetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, enrofloxacine, ampicillin and cefoperazone) and MIC50 and MIC90 for 6 of them were determined. Results: A 4.38% serovar isolation (n = 96), including 6 S. Typhimurium (6.25%) from equine cattle and pig feces, 19 S. Enteritidis (19.79%) from seagulls and pigs and 71 other serovars, was obtained from the various animal origins. Serovar S. Typhimurium showed high resistance to oxytetracycline and gentamicin by the Kirby-Bauer method and a MIC90 of 512 μg.mL-1 for oxytetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole antibiotics. By the diffusion method, serovar S. Enteritidis was resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and its MIC90 was 256 μg.mL-1 for oxytetracycline. The 32% of Salmonella isolates showed multi-resistance, 2 strains, isolated from pigs (one S. Typhimurium and one S. Enteritidis serovars), showed resistance to 5 antimicrobials tested. Conclusion: The constant release of these serovars to the environment, reaching also animal food, is a permanent potential risk for public health, turning into a first priority the establishment of control and antibiotic therapy strategies.

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Even though concentrations of most chemical elements in Antarctic ecosystems are very low as compared to other world's areas, their increasing time trends, as a consequence of the strong population growth and industrial development in countries of the Southern Hemisphere, could be affecting some vulnerable endemic species such as penguins. Concentrations (dry weight) of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) and porphyrins (copro-, uro- and proto-) were determined in feces of Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua), collected at two locations of the Antarctic Peninsula (O'Higgins and Videla). We found higher (p< 0.05) levels of Hg in excreta of penguin colonies at O'Higgins (7.55 ± 1.28 μg g-1), whereas penguins at Videla showed the highest concentrations of Cd (1.68 ± 0.71 μg g-1). Gentoo penguins from O'Higgins site showed higher levels of copro- (1.81 ± 0.61 nmol g-1), uro- (1.74 ± 0.72 nmol g-1) and protoporphyrins (1.24 ± 0.46 nmol g-1), directly related to higher levels of Hg and Pb measured. These findings imply that some Gentoo penguin colonies of the Antarctic Peninsula are likely to develop some biochemical effects through trace metal contamination at some level. These preliminary results raise concerns about anthropogenic pollutants in Antarctica. Aunque las concentraciones de la mayoría de los elementos químicos en la Antártica son bajas en comparación con otras áreas del planeta, éstas se han ido incrementando con el tiempo debido al gran crecimiento de la población y desarrollo industrial de los países del Hemisferio Sur, lo cual podría estar afectando a especies vulnerables como los pingüinos. Se determinaron las concentraciones (peso seco) de arsénico (As), cadmio (Cd), mercurio (Hg) y plomo (Pb) y porfirinas (copro-, uro- y proto-) en heces de colonias de pingüinos Papua (Pygoscelis papua), colectadas en dos lugares de la península Antártica (O'Higgins y Videla). Se encontraron mayores (P < 0,05) niveles de Hg (7,55 ± 1,28 μg g-1) en las heces de colonias de pingüinos en O'Higgins, mientras que las colonias de pingüinos en Videla exhibieron mayores concentraciones de Cd (1,68 ± 0,71 μg g-1). Los pingüinos Papua de O'Higgins mostraron mayores (P < 0,05) niveles de copro- (1,81 ± 0,61 nmol g-1), uro- (1,74 ± 0,72 nmol g-1) y protoporfirinas (1,24 ± 0,46 nmol g-1), en directa relación con los mayores niveles de Hg y Pb medidos. Esto podría implicar que algunas colonias de pingüinos Papua de la península Antártica están propensas a desarrollar algunos efectos bioquímicos asociados a contaminación por metales traza. Estos resultados preliminares levantan inquietantes interrogantes acerca de la contaminación de origen antropogénico que estaría afectando áreas tan remotas como la Antártica.

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A total of 189 faecal samples of the critically endangered Darwin's fox (Pseudalopex fulvipes [Martin, 1837]), from different areas within Chiloé Island in southern Chile were examined for parasites eggs and oocysts using the sugar flotation technique. The results showed that 21.2% of the samples were positive to either one of nine helminthes and one protozoan. The parasites with the highest prevalence were an ascarid nematode and a Spirometra species of cestode. Other identified endoparasites include Capillaria sp., Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Filaroides osleri, ancylostomatid nematodes, Trichuris sp., Taenia sp., and Isospora sp. Parasite loads were higher during the winter and in areas having more domestic dogs. All these species and genera are reported for the fist time in the Darwin's fox. Un total de 189 heces del zorro de Darwin (Pseudalopex fulvipes [Martin, 1837]) en peligro crítico de extinción, de diferentes localidades de la isla de Chiloé en el sur de Chile, se examinaron en busca de huevos de parásitos y oocitos usando la técnica de flotación en azúcar. Los resultados mostraron que el 21,2% de las muestras fue positivo a nueve helmintos y/o a un protozoo. Los parásitos con la mayor prevalencia fueron nematodos del orden Ascaridida y un cestodo Spirometra. Otros endoparásitos identificados incluyeron Capillaria sp., Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Filaroides osleri, nematodos ancylostomatidos, Trichuris sp., Taenia sp., e Isospora sp. Las cargas parasitarias fueron mayores durante el invierno y en áreas con más perros domésticos. Todas estas especies y géneros son reportados por primera vez en el zorro de Darwin.

The objective of this study was to confirm and update previous records of Phthiraptera in domestic and ornamental birds of Chile, through the examination of the plumage of the birds. The presence ofMenopon gallinae, Goniodes gigas, Goniocotes gallinaeandMenacanthus stramineusspecies on the domestic fowlGallus gallus domesticuswas confirmed, and theMenacanthus pallidulusis reported for the first time in Chile.In ornamental birds, seven species of lice were reported for the first time in Chile:M. stramineusin wild Turkey(Meleagris gallopavo), Goniodes pavonisandAmrysidea minuta in the Indian Peafowl, Goniocotes chrysocephalusandOxylipeurus colchicusin the Common Pheasant(Phasianus colchicus),andAnaticola anserisandTrinoton anserinumin the Greylag Goose(Anser anser). &nbsp, Por medio del examen del plumaje de aves domésticas y ornamentales en Chile se reconfirma la presencia de los phthirapteraMenopon gallinae, Goniodes gigas, Goniocotes gallinaeyMenacanthus stramineusen la gallina doméstica,Gallus gallus domesticusy se registra además por primera vez en el país la especieMenacanthus pallidulus.En aves ornamentales se registran en pavo,Meleagris gallipavo,la especieM. stramineus, en pavo real,Pavo cristatuslas especiesGoniodes pavonisyAmrysidea minuta, en faisán comúnPhasianus colchicuslas especiesGoniocotes chrysocephalusyOxylipeurus colchicusy en ganso domésticoAnser anserlas especiesAnaticola anserisyTrinoton anserinum. Los siete registros realizados en aves ornamentales representan nuevos reportes para Chile. &nbsp

For the first time in Chile, the presence ofMicrothoracius mazzai(Werneck 1932) andBovicola breviceps(Rudow 1866), are reported, and the presence ofM. praelongiceps(Neuman 1909) parasiting alpacas in the General Lagos area (I Region) is also confirmed. The importance of this situation is discussed in the present report. &nbsp, Se cita aMicrothoracius mazzai(Werneck 1932) yBovicola breviceps(Rudow 1866) por primera vez en Chile, y se confirma la presencia deM. praelongiceps(Neumann 1909) parasitando alpacas en la comuna de General Lagos (I Región), Chile. Se discute la importancia de los presentes registros. &nbsp

For the first time in Chile, cases of nymphs of the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) being found on two goats (Capra hircus), and adult (one male and a gravid female) white stripped ticks (Amblyomma tigrinum) being found on cattle (Bos taurus) have been reported. The aim of this review is to discuss the importance of these findings. &nbsp, Se registran, por primera vez en Chile, ninfas de garrapata café del perro (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) parasitando dos ejemplares de cabras (Capra hircus) y adultos (un macho y una hembra gravida) de la garrapata de listas blancas (Amblyomma tigrinum) parasitando a un bovino (Bos taurus). La importancia de los presentes reportes, hechos en la provincia de Ñuble, son discutidos. &nbsp

The presence of the Phthiraptera speciesLinognathussetosus(von Olfers 1816) and‘Heterodoxusspiniger(Enderlein 1909) on the domestic dogCanisfamiliaris, andLinognathusafricanus(Kellog and Paine 1911) onCaprahircusare described in the province of Ñuble, 8th Region of Chile. The description ofHeterodoxuslongitarsus(Paiget 1880), and the presence ofL.africanusin Chile is discussed., Se cita para las especies domésticasCanisfamiliarislos PhthirapteraLinognathussetosus(von Olfers 1816) yHeterodoxusspiniger(Enderlein 1909), y paraCaprahircusaLinognathusafricanusKellogg & Paine (Kellog and Paine 1911) provenientes de la provincia de Ñuble, VIII Región. Se discute la descripción deHeterodoxuslongitarsus(Piaget 1880) hecha anteriormente en Chile y también la presencia deL.africanusen Chile.