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Metal halide perovskites have recently garnered significant attention as a fundamental emitter due to their high carrier mobility, strong light absorption, high monochromaticity, and tunable emission bandgap. However, the brightness, efficiency, and stability issues have limited their potential applications in blue region. To break through these limitations, researchers have investigated different dimensions of perovskites to seek an excellent emitter. To date, the quantum confinement and coordination octahedron monomer arrangement perovskites still lack of systematic cognition. In this review, the molecular and morphological dimensions of blue perovskite emitters are summarized. The differences and relationships between these dimensions in terms of their fabrication and properties are also explored. Furthermore, recent advances in blue light enhancement strategies to address the challenges in various morphological and molecular structures are highlighted. Finally, the main challenges and future directions are discussed for the development of perovskite blue LEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Coral reef fish diversity forms the foundation of their adaptability. A comprehensive understanding of coral reef fish diversity is crucial for the conservation of both coral reefs and their associated fish species. In this study, we employed three taxonomic diversity indices to analyze the characteristics and changes in taxonomic diversity within a representative coral reef (Meiji Reef) located in the South China Sea from 1998 to 2018. Fish species richness played a significant role in shaping the diversity of coral reef fish families and genera within the South China Sea region. Contrary to findings from 1998–1999, there had been a relative increase in fish family diversity at Meiji Reef during 2017–2018. Distribution patterns among different coral reef fish communities across taxonomic levels exhibited varying degrees of unevenness within the South China Sea region. The changes observed in the taxonomic distinctness index between 1998–1999 and 2016–2018 indicated greater dissimilarity among species relationships and reduced taxonomic uniformity. Coral reef fish are important groups of coral reefs, which have great economic and ecological value. Meiji Reef is a representative tropical semi-enclosed atoll in the South China Sea, with rich fish resources. Based on the data from hand-fishing, line-fishing, and gillnet surveys of fish in Meiji Reef from 1998 to 2018, this study summarized the fish species list of Meiji Reef and analyzed the species composition, inclusion index at the taxonomic level (TINCL), genus–family diversity index (G–F index), average taxonomic distinctness index (Δ+), and variation in taxonomic distinctness (Λ+) and their changes. The results revealed that from 1998 to 2018, there were 166 reef-dwelling fish species on Meiji Reef, belonging to 69 genera, 33 families, and 11 orders, of which 128 species were from 20 families of Perciformes, accounting for 77.10% of the total cataloged species. Regarding the dependence of fish on coral reefs, there were 155 reef-dependent species or resident species (accounting for 93.37%) and 11 reef-independent species or wandering species (accounting for 6.63%). The TINCL of the order, families, and genus of fish in Meiji Reef were very high. The genus diversity index (G index), family diversity index (F index), and G–F index of fish in Meiji Reef were very high, and the G index of fish in Meiji Reef in 1998–1999 was higher than that in 2016–2018. The Δ+ and Λ+ values of fish in Meiji Reef from 1998 to 2018 were 56.1 and 148.5, respectively. Compared with 1998–1999, Δ+ and Λ+ of fish increased during 2016–2018, reflecting that the relatives of fish in Meiji Reef became further distant, and the uniformity of taxonomic relationships among species decreased. The research findings indicated that fish exhibited a high taxonomic diversity in Meiji Reef; however, it also revealed significant fluctuations in the fish diversity of Meiji Reef over an extended period, emphasizing the urgent need for timely protection measures. This investigation significantly contributes to our comprehension of the intricate dynamics governing fish species within Meiji Reef and holds broader implications for biodiversity conservation in tropical marine ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diel vertical migration of mesopelagic fishes in the southern (S-May station and S-Nov station) and central (C-Jun station and C-Dec station) South China Sea was investigated through a series of continuous field surveys conducted in May, June, November, and December 2017. These surveys employed a combination of mid-water trawl and acoustics techniques. The diel migration process, vertical distribution, acoustic migration proportion, and migration pattern of mesopelagic fishes were analyzed. The results revealed that mesopelagic fishes initiated an upward migration before sunset, with the process concluding within 30–120 min after dark. Subsequently, they commenced a downward migration before dawn, which terminated within 10–50 min after sunrise. The mesopelagic deep-sea layers of mesopelagic fishes at the S-May, S-Nov, C-Jun, and C-Dec stations ranged from 360 to 700 m, 350 to 680 m, 350 to 520 m, and 300 to 700 m, respectively. The acoustic migration proportions of mesopelagic fishes at the corresponding stations were found to be approximately 44.5%, 25.7%, 29.8%, and 58.0%, respectively. There were seasonal and regional differences in the vertical migration and distribution patterns of mesopelagic fishes in the South China Sea. A total of 228 species were identified, including 203 fish species, 23 cephalopod species, and 2 shark species. Among these, a subset of 43 fish and cephalopod species exhibited extensive diel vertical migrating behavior. Specifically, this subset comprised 23 lanternfish species, 8 cephalopod species, and 12 other fish species. Lanternfishes were the predominant diel vertical migratory species, while cephalopods also played a significant role in diel vertical migration. The diel migration behavior was found to be slight for Diaphus lucidus, Melamphaes microps, Argyropelecus affinis, and six other fish species. Non-migratory behavior was observed in Sternoptyx obscura, Argyropelecus sladeni, Sternoptyx diaphana, and 13 other fish species. The diel migration habits of 178 additional species of fish, cephalopods, and sharks could not be definitively determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Double cortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) exhibits high expression levels across various cancers, notably in human colorectal cancer (CRC). Diacerein, a clinically approved interleukin (IL)-1β inhibitor for osteoarthritis treatment, was evaluated for its impact on CRC proliferation and migration, alongside its underlying mechanisms, through both in vitro and in vivo analyses. The study employed MTT assay, colony formation, wound healing, transwell assays, flow cytometry, and Hoechst 33342 staining to assess cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Additionally, proteome microarray assay and western blotting analyses were conducted to elucidate diacerein's specific mechanism of action. Our findings indicate that diacerein significantly inhibits DCLK1-dependent CRC growth in vitro and in vivo. Through high-throughput proteomics microarray and molecular docking studies, we identified that diacerein directly interacts with DCLK1. Mechanistically, the suppression of p-STAT3 expression following DCLK1 inhibition by diacerein or specific DCLK1 siRNA was observed. Furthermore, diacerein effectively disrupted the DCLK1/STAT3 signaling pathway and its downstream targets, including MCL-1, VEGF, and survivin, thereby inhibiting CRC progression in a mouse model, thereby inhibiting CRC progression in a mouse model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graburn ([6]) argued that tourism is closely related to mental and physical health, and Norman ([17]) expressed that tourism is a path to wellbeing. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought the world's tourism industry to a halt in 2020. [Extracted from the article]

Objective: Histology grade, subtypes and TNM stage of lung adenocarcinomas are useful predictors of prognosis and survival. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between chromosomal instability, morphological subtypes and the grading system used in lung non-mucinous adenocarcinoma (LNMA)., Methods: We developed a whole genome copy number variation (WGCNV) scoring system and applied next generation sequencing to evaluate CNVs present in 91 LNMA tumor samples., Results: Higher histological grades, aggressive subtypes and more advanced TNM staging were associated with an increased WGCNV score, particularly in CNV regions enriched for tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. In addition, we demonstrate that 24-chromosome CNV profiling can be performed reliably from specific cell types (<100 cells) isolated by sample laser capture microdissection., Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the WGCNV scoring system we developed may have potential value as an adjunct test for predicting the prognosis of patients diagnosed with LNMA., (Copyright © 2020 Chinese Journal of Cancer Research. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: This research was designed to analyze the clinical features and prognostic factors for surgical treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in elderly patients aged 70 years and over., Methods: The clinical data and follow-up data of 68 ESCC patients aged 70 years and over were collected. The characteristics of surgical treatment, perioperative complications, overall survival (OS), and the factors affecting survival were analyzed., Results: The incidence rate of postoperative complications was 36% and the mortality rate was 0% during and 90 days after surgery. The 5-year OS was 45.0% and the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 38.0%. Univariate analysis showed that gender, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), pathological type, tumor differentiation, depth of invasion, postoperative complications, and lymph node metastasis were the factors associated with OS. Multivariate analysis showed that pathologic type, depth of invasion, and lymph node metastasis were the independent predictors of OS. The ideal long-term survival in elderly patients with ESCC was achieved with radical resection., Conclusion: The pathological type and pathological stage were the important independent risk factors of prognosis.