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Objective: Due to low prevalence and few studies, the morphologic risk factors for hip osteoarthritis (HOA) in Chinese population remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between 10 radiographic parameters measured via anteroposterior pelvic X‐ray radiography and HOA in Chinese population. Methods: Thirty‐three patients who required total hip arthroplasty for unilateral HOA (2017–2022) and 132 healthy individuals were selected for this case–control study. We measured 10 radiological parameters via anteroposterior pelvic X‐ray radiography, which were sharp angle, center edge angle, sourcil angle, neck shaft angle, α angle, pelvic height, pelvic width, femoral head diameter, femoral neck width, and ratio of the femoral head diameter to the femoral neck width. After measurements were obtained, logistic regression analysis was utilized to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for confounding variables such as age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were utilized to determine the proportional risk contribution (PRC) of each radiographic factor. Results: After adjustment for confounding factors, individuals with a larger sourcil angle (SA) (OR = 4.89, 95% CI 1.66–14.42, p = 0.004), larger α angle (OR = 4.14, 95% CI 1.53–11.23, p = 0.005), and wider femoral neck (OR = 5.27, 95% CI 1.50–18.51, p = 0.01) were found to have a greater risk of developing HOA. Among all radiographic parameters, the SA demonstrated the greatest risk contribution (PRC = 13.695%). Conclusions: Radiographic parameters correlate with the incidence of HOA. The SA is probably the most powerful of all the parameters related to HOA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The study aimed to compare glycemic control and pregnancy outcomes in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) using multiple daily injection therapy (MDI) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and to compare outcomes of women treated with long‐acting insulin or neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH). Methods: This multicenter prospective cohort study involved women with pregestational T1DM treated with MDI and CSII. Primary outcome was glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) before and during pregnancy. Secondary outcomes included maternal and neonatal outcomes and quality of life. Results: Of the 121 studied women, the average age was 28.48 years, and the average body mass index was 21.29 kg/m2 at conception and 26.32 kg/m2 at delivery. Of the studied women, 78.51% had planned pregnancy. Women treated with MDI and CSII had comparable HbA1c before pregnancy or in the first and second trimesters. In the third trimester, women on CSII therapy had significantly lower HbA1c (6.07 ± 0.62 vs 6.20 ± 0.88%, p =.017), higher HbA1c on‐target rate (71.43% vs 64.62%, p =.030), and greater decline of HbA1c from preconception to the third trimester (−0.65 vs −0.30%, p =.047). Fewer daily insulin requirements were observed in those used CSII compared with MDI‐treated women (0.60 ± 0.22 vs 0.73 ± 0.25 U/kg/day, p =.004). Newborns born of mothers treated with the CSII method were more likely to have neonatal jaundice (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16–6.57) and neonatal intensive care unit (adjusted OR 3.73, 95%CI 1.24–11.16), and women on CSII had lower scores in patient‐reported quality of life (p =.045). In the MDI group, those receiving long‐acting insulin had nonsignificant lower HbA1c and higher HbA1c on‐target rate in the second and third trimesters, compared with those treated with NPH. Conclusions: Insulin pump users may achieve better glycemic control than multiple daily insulin injections, which did not substantially improve pregnancy outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To explore the relationship between preconception severe hypoglycemia (PSH) and pregnancy outcomes in pregnancies complicated with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Materials and Methods: In this multicenter prospective cohort study, women with pregestational T1DM were stratified by episodes of severe hypoglycemia within 1 year before conception: No PSH, sporadic PSH (1–6 times/year), and recurrent PSH (>6 times/year). We analysed the predictive ability of PSH for maternal and neonatal outcomes using log‐binomial regression models and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: Of the 124 women studied, 37.1% experienced at least one episode of severe hypoglycemia preconception. In the multiple adjusted regression models, recurrent PSH was significantly associated with increased incidence of preeclampsia (RR 17.59, 95% CI: 2.89–150.62, p for trend = 0.007), preterm birth (RR 6.34, 95% CI: 1.22–40.63, p for trend = 0.027), neonatal hypoglycemia (RR 4.52, 95% CI: 1.14–17.16, p for trend = 0.017), neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (RR 4.12, 95% CI: 1.11–15.56, p for trend = 0.004), and composite neonatal outcome (RR 3.85, 95% CI: 1.01–19.61, p for trend = 0.003). In the ROC analysis, PSH predicted preeclampsia, preterm birth, neonatal hypoglycemia, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, and composite neonatal outcome with areas under the ROC curve all ≥0.6. Conclusions: Recurrent preconception severe hypoglycemia is associated with increased risks of adverse outcomes in pregnant women with T1DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the association between continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) during pregnancy and antepartum glucose with the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods This study was a multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study. Pregnant women with T1DM from 11 hospitals nationwide were enrolled from January 2015 to December 2017. CGM was used for glycemic control in pregnancy. Antepartum 2-hour capillary blood glucose and neonatal outcomes were recorded. A total of 73 women who used CGM during pregnancy were included in the study and divided into the neonatal hypoglycemia group (14 cases) and the neonatal normoglycemia group (59 cases) based on neonatal capillary glucose (neonatal hypoglycemia defined as<2.2 mmol/L) after delivery. Data on maternal glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), CGM metrics [mean blood glucose, time in range (TIR), time above range (TAR1>7.8 mmol/L, TAR2>13.9 mmol/L), time below range (TBR), standard deviation of blood glucose (SDBG), mean amplitude of glucose excursions (MAGE), coefficient of variation (CV)] during pregnancy, antepartum 2-hour blood glucose levels, gestational age at delivery, and neonatal obstetric outcomes [birth weight, birth length, premature delivery, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission] were compared between groups. Comparisons between groups were made using the two independent samples t test, rank sum test, χ² test and Fisher exact test. The influencing factors of neonatal hypoglycemia were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression models. Results Compared with neonatal normoglycemia group, women in the neonatal hypoglycemia group had higher mean blood glucose [(6.91±0.71) vs. (6.38±0.81) mmol/L, t=2.041, P<0.05], TAR2 [0.81% (0, 4.36%) vs. 0 (0, 0.64%), Z=2.064, P<0.05], and MAGE [(6.42±3.24) vs. (4.60±1.67) mmol/L, t=2.137, P<0.05] in the first trimester (P<0.05). Antepartum 2-hour blood glucose was higher in the neonatal hypoglycemia group [(7.75±2.22) vs. (6.13±2.10) mmol/L, t=2.324, P<0.05]. The incidences of preterm birth [35.71% (5/14) vs. 11.86% (7/59), χ2=4.686, P< 0.05] and NICU admission [71.43% (10/14) vs. 32.20% (19/59), χ2=5.725, P<0.05] were higher in the neonatal hypoglycemia group than in the neonatal normoglycemia group (P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that antepartum 2-hour blood glucose was the independent influencing factor of neonatal hypoglycemia (OR=2.23, 95%CI 1.09-4.54, P<0.05). Conclusions Increased mean blood glucose, TAR, and MAGE in the first trimester were associated with a higher risk of neonatal hypoglycemia in pregnant women with T1DM. Antepartum 2-hour blood glucose was independently associated with the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effects of gestational weight gain (GWG) on pregnancy outcomes in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods This study was a multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study. Pregnant women with T1DM who registered in 11 participating centers nationwide from January 2015 to December 2017 were enrolled. Maternal baseline characteristics, physical examination [height, body mass, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, etc.], and laboratory index [glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), hemoglobin (Hb), etc.] were collected throughout the whole pregnancy, and pregnancy outcomes (neonatal birth weight, birth length and macrosomia, etc.) were recorded. GWG was calculated and categorized into insufficient GWG group, adequate GWG group, and excessive GWG group according to recorded pre-pregnancy weight and antepartum weight. Analysis of variance, non-parametric test, χ² test were used to compare the differences among groups. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore factors associated with GWG. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the independent influencing factors of fetal birth weight. Results A total of 96 pregnant women with T1DM were included in the study. There were 17 cases (17.71%) in the insufficient GWG group, 47 cases (48.96%) in the appropriate GWG group, and 32 cases (33.33%) in the excessive GWG group. The incidence of macrosomia in the excessive GWG group was significantly higher than that in the adequate GWG group [18.75% (6/32) vs. 6.38% (3/47), P=0.038]. Pearson correlation analysis showed that GWG was positively correlated with antepartum weight, antepartum BMI, neonatal birth weight, and birth length (r=0.381, 0.380, 0.356, 0.303, all P<0.01) and negatively correlated with waist-to-hip ratio, pre-pregnancy weight and pre-pregnancy BMI (r=-0.398, -0.285, -0.342, all P<0.01). After adjusting for preconception/1st trimester HbA1c, Hb in the 1st trimester and pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG was significantly correlated with birth weight in the multiple linear regression (β =0.388, P<0.01). After adjusting for antepartum HbA1c, Hb in the 3rd trimester and antepartum BMI, GWG was significantly correlated with birth weight (β=0.264, P<0.05). Conclusion Excessive weight gain during pregnancy is associated with a risk of excessive fetal growth in pregnant women with T1DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physiologically, four major types of hepatic cells – the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, and hepatocytes – reside inside liver sinusoids and interact with flowing peripheral cells under blood flow. It is hard to mimic an in vivo liver sinusoid due to its complex multiple cell–cell interactions, spatiotemporal construction, and mechanical microenvironment. Here we developed an in vitro liver sinusoid chip by integrating the four types of primary murine hepatic cells into two adjacent fluid channels separated by a porous permeable membrane, replicating liver's key structures and configurations. Each type of cells was identified with its respective markers, and the assembled chip presented the liver-specific unique morphology of fenestration. The flow field in the liver chip was quantitatively analyzed by computational fluid dynamics simulations and particle tracking visualization tests. Intriguingly, co-culture and shear flow enhance albumin secretion independently or cooperatively, while shear flow alone enhances HGF production and CYP450 metabolism. Under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulations, the hepatic cell co-culture facilitated neutrophil recruitment in the liver chip. Thus, this 3D-configured in vitro liver chip integrates the two key factors of shear flow and the four types of primary hepatic cells to replicate key structures, hepatic functions, and primary immune responses and provides a new in vitro model to investigate the short-duration hepatic cellular interactions under a microenvironment mimicking the physiology of a liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leukocyte transendothelial migration is a key step in their recruitment to sites of inflammation. However, synergic regulation of endothelium‐expressed selectins on leukocyte transmigration remains unclear. In this study, an in vitro model was developed to investigate the dynamic contributions of P‐ and E‐selectin to polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) transmigration under static conditions. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with LPS for 4 or 12 h to induce different expression of selectins and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)‐1. PMN transmigration was increased significantly by LPS stimulation, which was higher on 4‐h than on 12‐h LPStreated HUVECs. Blocking and competitive tests indicated that P‐selectin engages PSGL‐1 to activate β2‐integrin and initiate PMN transmigration within the first 15 min, whereas E‐selectin engages CD44 to influence PMN transmigration after 15 min. P‐ and E‐selectin–induced β2‐integrin activation is likely conducted through the spleen tyrosine kinase signaling pathway. Complicated complementary and competitive mechanisms are involved in the interaction of P‐/E‐selectins and their ligands to promote PMN transmigration. These results provide direct evidence of the distinct and dynamic contribution of P‐ and E‐selectins in mediating PMN transmigration and give new insight into PMN interaction with the vessel wall.—Gong, Y., Zhang, Y., Feng, S., Liu, X., Lü, S., Long, M. Dynamic contributions of P‐ and E‐selectins to β2‐integrin‐induced neutrophil transmigration. FASEB J. 31, 212–223 (2017) www.fasebj.org [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors discuss the importance of dealing with conflict through means other than litigation both in Australia and at international level. They focus on the appropriateness of dispute resolution methods and provide a strategic approach in context of unified dispute resolution system. They further examine the ways in which the courts and alternative dispute resolution processes complement each other.

Free will is assumed to be the core of an individual's self-concept. Belief in free will has been studied extensively and was found to be correlated with many behavioural and psychological outcomes. Although developed and validated in the West, the Free will and Determinism Plus (FAD-Plus) scale has been translated, used, and interpreted as a measurement of free will beliefs in multiple cultures. However, the cross-cultural measurement invariance of FAD-Plus has not been examined. Given the cultural differences in understanding the concept of 'free will', items of FAD-Plus may have different interpretations in different cultures, which may compromise its cross-cultural measurement invariance. To provide empirical evidence for the lack of cross-cultural measurement invariance, we collected data in China and analyzed these data together with open datasets of FAD-Plus in three other languages: Japanese, French and English. We only found partial measurement invariance between the Chinese and English datasets, as well as the Japanese and English datasets. These results provided the first assessment of cross-cultural measure invariance of FAD-Plus. We discussed the potential implications of the current study for future studies in the field., Competing Interests: We declare we have no competing interests., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

Context: Diabetes has increasingly been recognized as a heterogeneous disease, with clinical characteristics and outcomes risk varying across different phenotypes. Evidence on heterogeneity of gestational diabetes (GDM) is yet to be provided., Objective: To investigate the insulin physiology and pregnancy outcomes of GDM phenotypes characterized by fasting hyperglycemia or postload hyperglycemia., Methods: A total of 2050 women who underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test were prospectively recruited and followed up until delivery. Women were categorized into normoglycemia (NGT, n = 936), isolated impaired fasting glucose (gestational-IFG, n = 378), and isolated impaired postload glucose tolerance (gestational-IGT, n = 736) groups. Fasting blood sample at mid-pregnancy were collected to measure C-peptide and insulin concentrations. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were used to evaluate insulin physiology. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were recorded., Results: Gestational-IFG had greater insulin resistance (HOMA-IR 3.11 vs. 2.25, QUICKI-CP 0.94 vs. 1.03, both P < 0.01), and gestational-IGT had worse β-cell function (C-peptide 2.00 vs. 2.26 ng/ml, P < 0.05) when compared to one another. Gestational-IFG was more strongly associated with excessive gestational weight gain (RR 1.62, 95% CI 1.18-2.23) and large-for-gestational-age infants (RR 1.45, 95% CI 1.03-2.03) than gestational-IGT. The risk for neonatal brain injury was increased in gestational-IGT (RR 2.03, 95% CI 1.04-4.09), but not in gestational-IFG (P = 0.439). Gestational-IGT showed a stronger association with the risk of preterm birth compared to gestational-IFG (RR 1.80, 95% CI 1.02-3.36)., Conclusion: GDM exhibits distinct insulin physiology profiles. Pregnancy outcome varies between each phenotype. These findings provide evidence on risk stratification and diverse strategies for the treatment of GDM., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society.)

Leukocyte transendothelial migration is a key step in their recruitment to sites of inflammation. However, synergic regulation of endothelium-expressed selectins on leukocyte transmigration remains unclear. In this study, an in vitro model was developed to investigate the dynamic contributions of P- and E-selectin to polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) transmigration under static conditions. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with LPS for 4 or 12 h to induce different expression of selectins and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1. PMN transmigration was increased significantly by LPS stimulation, which was higher on 4-h than on 12-h LPS-treated HUVECs. Blocking and competitive tests indicated that P-selectin engages PSGL-1 to activate β 2 -integrin and initiate PMN transmigration within the first 15 min, whereas E-selectin engages CD44 to influence PMN transmigration after 15 min. P- and E-selectin-induced β 2 -integrin activation is likely conducted through the spleen tyrosine kinase signaling pathway. Complicated complementary and competitive mechanisms are involved in the interaction of P-/E-selectins and their ligands to promote PMN transmigration. These results provide direct evidence of the distinct and dynamic contribution of P- and E-selectins in mediating PMN transmigration and give new insight into PMN interaction with the vessel wall.-Gong, Y., Zhang, Y., Feng, S., Liu, X., Lü, S., Long, M. Dynamic contributions of P- and E-selectins to β 2 -integrin-induced neutrophil transmigration., (© FASEB.)