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Background Teaching objectives are the soul and pillar of teaching activity and closely related to class teaching effects. Currently, the cognition and formulation of faculty teaching objectives in standardized training for residency practitioners (abbreviated as general practice residency) has been rarely reported at present. Objective To understand the cognition, formulation basis, construction and writing of teaching objectives among outstanding teachers of general practice in China, so as to discuss the approaches of teachers to better promote teaching through teaching objectives in the general practice residency during the process of developing general practice residency, which is highly specialized, focused on post competency development, and different from institutional education. Methods The outstanding general practice teachers with the title of associate chief physician and above and related teaching honors on a college level or above, who have been teaching in general practice residency for 5 years or more and are still involved in teaching visits and developing teaching objectives in their teaching activities were selected as research subjects from the general practice departments of national general practice residency base in the hospitals affiliated with well-known medical colleges located in the regions with high development level of general practice. One-to-one semi-structured in-depth interview was conducted by online video conference from February to June 2022. The thematic framework analysis was used to organize and analyze the data and to refine the interview themes through NVivo 12 software. Results A total of 8 general practice teachers were enrolled. Through the analysis of the interview data, a total of 3 themes and 4 sub-themes were extracted, including that general practice teachers can better grasp the establishment principles of teaching objectives; there is a lack of institutional guarantees in the construction of teaching objectives, involving 2 sub-themes of the lack of theoretical foundation and normative environment for the construction of teaching objectives; general practice teachers have insufficient cognition of the role of teaching objectives in the development of post competency, involving 2 sub-themes of cognitive deficiencies in teaching objectives, little significance of teaching objectives in guiding teaching activities. Conclusion There are still problems in the recognition and formulation of teaching objectives even among the outstanding general practice teachers, which may affect the teaching effects. It is necessary to focus on and ensure the effective formulation of teaching objectives and enhance relevant theoretical training. The teaching objectives should be taken as a starting point to promote the homogeneous development and construction of general practice teachers, so as to train more qualified general practitioners.

Background The development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been listed as a national development strategy with vigorous improvement of TCM service capacity in primary care institutions as the important elements, however, there are few studies on the disease spectrum of TCM in community health service institutions. Objective To analysis the TCM disease spectrum in outpatient clinics of contracted residents by family doctors in Shenzhen community health service centers (abbreviated as CHSC) and understand the capability of TCM in Shenzhen health centers, thus providing a theoretical basis for promoting the development of TCM in primary care in China. Methods From May to June 2022, the records of outpatient consultations with treatment cost of 10 Shenzhen CHSCs from 2021-01-01 to 2021-06-30 were extracted by the unified information platform of the Health Commission of Shenzhen Municipality (Hangchuang Community Health Service Center Business System) . The 385 138 records with purpose of TCM treatment, matching diagnosis and treatment costs, first diagnosis can be coded in Classification and Codes of Diseases and ZHENG of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCD) were collected. The disease spectrum was analyzed based on the classification of disease in TCD, mainly involving department categories, specialty system classifications, and TCM disease terms. Results A total of 385 138 records of TCM diagnosis and treatment were selected in this study, including 170 077 (44.16%) male cases and 215 061 (55.84%) female cases, with an average age of (36.7±9.4) years. All of the 7 TCD categories of disease spectrum were involved, including internal medicine accounting for 56.98% (219 445 cases) , pediatrics accounting for 20.56% (79 201 cases) , otolaryngology accounting for 12.45% (47 965 cases) , gynecology accounting for 7.95% (30 620 cases) , surgery accounting for 1.51% (5 797 cases) , orthopedics accounting for 0.37% (1 407 cases) and ophthalmology accounting for 0.18% (703 cases) . Apart from the specialty system classifications of tumor diseases, cancer diseases in each category, classifications of middle canthal disease, black eye disease, pupillary disease, traumatic eye disease in Ophthalmology, the disease spectrum involves all specialty system classifications in 7 categories. The cumulative diagnosis and treatment volume of several disease spectrums accounted for 90.00% of the total diagnosis and treatment in each category. The top 5 system diseases in the spectrum included respiratory system diseases accounting for 54.19% (208 701 cases) , musculoskeletal system diseases accounting for 19.05% (73 369 cases) , gynecological system diseases accounting for 7.95% (30 620 cases) , cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system diseases accounting for 7.15% (27 539 cases) , and the digestive system diseases accounting for 4.98% (19 162 cases) . Patients aged

BackgroundThe low hypertension control rate or low glycemic control rate in people in the community have been attributed to patients' poor disease awareness and irregular medication in some studies. However, few studies have explored hypertension control rate and/or glycemic control rate in patients with good disease awareness and regular medication.ObjectiveTo investigate the adequate hypertension control rate and/or adequate glycemic control rate in hypertension and diabetic patients who are at high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) but have good disease awareness and regular medication, and to explore the reasons for poor control, offering a theoretical basis for better prevention and control of ASCVD.MethodsBy use of cluster sampling, contracted patients with complete data of the China-PAR model who visited 10 community health centers in Shenzhen's Luohu District from August 2018 to April 2019 were selected, and received an assessment for screening the risk of 10-year ASCVD using the China-PAR model, and those with hypertension and/or diabetes who were at high risk of ASCVD (≥10 points) and volunteered to attend this study were further surveyed using a questionnaire developed by our research group. After that, those who were on regular medication with a good understanding of the threats of hypertension and/or diabetes, and targets for blood pressure control and/or fasting glycemia control, were finally enrolled. The rate of adequate hypertension control was compared between those with hypertension, the rate of adequate glycemic control was compared between those with diabetes, and the rates of adequate hypertension and glycemic control were compared between those with both hypertension and diabetes, by demographcihc factors. Then those who were found with inadequate hypertension and/or glycemic control were selected to attend an in-depth, semi-structured individual interview using a descriptive qualitative research design for understating the causes of inadequate hypertension and/or glycemic control. The contents of the interview were coded and categorized using NVivo 12, and were sorted, analyzed, and themes in which were identified using content analysis.ResultsTotally 299 patients were finally enrolled, including 130 (43.5%) with hypertension, 9 (3.0%) with diabetes, and 160 (53.5%) with both hypertension and diabetes. Among the 290 hypertensive patients, 140 (48.3%) had adequate hypertension control. Among the 169 diabetics, 71 (42.0%) had adequate diabetes control. Among the 130 patients with simple hypertension, those with adequate hypertension control had older mean age than did those without (t'=3.758, P

Negative photoconductive phototransistors, referring to transistors that exhibit a decrease in photocurrent under illumination, have the potential to revolutionize optoelectronic applications involving light, such as optoelectronic logic circuits and visual neural simulation. Currently, achieving negative photoconductivity (NPC) requires complex material design or interface structure construction. However, achieving precise control over NPC behaviors poses a significant challenge. Herein, a simple yet effective strategy is demonstrated for realizing controllable NPC responses in organic phototransistors through ambipolar transport modulation. Due to the controversy between the preferred exciton dissociation/charge separation direction and the gate electric field driven charge drift direction, the main semiconductor channel (n‐ or p‐channel) exhibits NPC behavior under illumination. The validity of this mechanism has been confirmed through intensive studies by varying the component and combination of the p‐n heterostructure. Moreover, devices utilizing ambipolar transport exhibit a wavelength‐selectivity NPC response due to the absorption characteristics of the combined semiconductor materials. Most encouragingly, by incorporating both negative and positve photoconductivity along with wavelength‐selective responses, high‐contrast image sensing, information encryption and decryption, as well as optoelectronic logic circuit design is successfully achieved. This work promotes the design and development of bidirectional optoelectronic devices and offers a new route for developing attractive multifunctional optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To weaken the adverse effects of traditional planar heterojunctions on phototransistors, an effective strategy for achieving low dark-current and high photoresponsive organic phototransistors via constructing a sandwich heterostructure is demonstrated. This work offers a new route for the design and development of high-performance phototransistor devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of a donor (D) and an acceptor (A) is viewed as a promising approach to achieve high performance phototransistors, owing to their advantages in exciton dissociation and charge trapping. The electronic properties at the D‐A interface can vary substantially with the choice of materials, and how to precisely control the interface properties to achieve a controllable light response behavior is still an open question. Herein, a series of D‐A heterostructure is reported with varying electronic structures of the acceptor and demonstrate the ability to tune the performance and photocurrent decay behaviors. Two distinct types of charge transfer phenomena, ground state, and excited state charge transfer, are identified originating from the specific different energy level alignment and lead to the improved photoresponsivity up to 104 AW−1 and the significantly varied photosensitivity ranging from 102 to approaching 107. Furthermore, the distinct charge transfer scenarios elicit diverse temporal responses, encompassing both short‐term synaptic behavior as well as persistent memory characteristics. These findings shed light on the importance of understanding and controlling charge transfer property for phototransistor performance and applications. The ability to modulate the temporal responses opens up new possibilities for designing devices with desired memory and synaptic functionalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving on‐demand control of responsive behaviors of photochromic molecules is important for advanced photonic applications, but it remains a challenge. In this work, a triphenylethylene‐based molecule, 5‐(2,2‐bis(4‐fluorophenyl)vinyl)‐5″‐methyl‐2,2″‐bipyridine (1), which can undergo open‐to‐closed isomerization under 365 nm irradiation, is designed and synthesized. Importantly, on‐demand acceleration or deceleration of photoisomerization rate over a wide range (kUV = 0.00584–0.06299 s−1) is achieved by coordination of 1 with different metal salts. Furthermore, more precise manipulation of the photoisomerization rate is achieved by changing the counterions of the 1‐based metal complex. Eventually, taking advantage of distinctly different photoisomerization rates of 1 and its corresponding metal complexes, high‐level irradiation time‐dependent information encryption and anticounterfeiting applications have been demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]