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A set of nearly NS-trending rifts developed in the Himalayan orogen and southern Tibet, which are the large-scale extensional structures formed under the continuous compression of the Indo-Eurasia continent, playing a significant role in revealing the post-collisional evolution of the Tibetan Plateau. Different predictions have been made on the spatiotemporal distribution of these rifts through the existing hypothesis models, constituting the key factors constraining the formation system of the rifts. In this study we synthesized previous studies on the initiation time of rifting, and further clarified the spatiotemporal trend. The analysis results showed that the rifting initiated progressively earlier westward, which is consistent with the evolution of post-collisional magmatism in the Lhasa Terrain. Moreover, combined with the geophysical observations, it is inferred that the geodynamic mechanism of the nearly NS-trending rifts accords closely with the hypothesis model concerning the eastward-propagating lateral detachment of the subducted Indian slab. The Indian slab detachment resulted in asynchronous gravitational potential energy gradients, which drove the lithosphere flow eastward and eventually caused the eastward development of the rifting.

The Chenghai Fault in the Chuan–Dian block terminates at the northwestern segment of the Red River Fault, and is a significant seismogenic structure. The kinematic evolution of this fault should be closely related to the regional tectonic deformation. However, it is difficult to obtain information on structural deformation of the Chenghai Fault due to the large amount of precipitation and well-developed vegetation. The Chenghai normal faulting may drive drainage reorganization in this region, which provides a new perspective for reconstructing and evaluating the tectonic history. High-resolution digital elevation models (DEM) obtained by remote sensing greatly facilitate the study of drainage evolution and active tectonics. We use two methods (χ-plot and Gilbert metrics) to measure the drainage divide stability based on the ALOS DEM (12.5 m resolution) and further reproduce the drainage evolution process in response to the asymmetric uplift by numerical modeling. The results show that the Chenghai–Jinsha drainage divide, hosted by the footwall block of the Chenghai Fault, is migrating westward (away from the Chenghai Fault) and will continue moving ~2.2–3.5 km to reach a steady state. Its migration is controlled by the Chenghai normal faulting. The Chenghai–Jinsha drainage divide formed close to the Chenghai Fault's surface trace and continues to migrate westward in response to the asymmetric uplift. It only took a few million years for the Chenghai–Jinsha drainage divide to migrate to its current location based on the numerical modeling. The restoration of the drainage reorganization implies that the Chenghai Fault initiated in the Pliocene, which probably results from kinematic reversal along the Red River Fault. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gallbladder cancer is a common type of biliary tract tumor. Optimal management for early stage cases typically involves radical excision as the primary treatment modality. Various surgical techniques, including laparoscopic, robotic, and navigational surgery, have demonstrated favorable clinical outcomes in radical gallbladder excision. Unfortunately, most patients are ineligible for surgical intervention because of the advanced stage of the disease upon diagnosis. Consequently, non-surgical interventions, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, have become the mainstay of treatment for patients in advanced stages. This review focuses on elucidating various surgical techniques as well as advancements in immunotherapy and targeted therapy in the context of recent advancements in gallbladder cancer research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for technical evaluation of sealing agent used for rapid roll-to-roll gold electroplating in laboratory were established from the following aspects: properties of gold coating, efficiency of sealing, cost of sealing agent, and environmental friendliness. The test methods were described. The comprehensive performance of three sealing agents were quantitatively evaluated, providing a reference for plating plants to select excellent sealing agent for gold coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the nonmagnetic requirement of smartphone components, electroplating and electroless plating of high-phosphorus Ni--P alloy successively on the surface of Ti--Cu alloy were studied. The process parameters for pretreatments (i.e. anodic electrodegreasing, cathodic electroetching, and nickel strike plating), electroplating and electroless plating of high-phosphorus Ni--P alloy, and sealing as post-treatment were optimized by orthogonal tests. The effect of mass fractions of phosphorus in the coating on its permeability was discussed. It was concluded that the mass fraction of phosphorus in coating should be at least 11% to meet the requirement of static permeability 1.003 H/m below. The continuous high-phosphorus Ni--P alloy electroplating and electroless plating process has been applied to practical production, and more than 99.8% of the products meet the quality requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As promising nonvolatile memory devices, memristors based on transition metal dichalcogenides, such as MoS2 and MoTe2, have received much attention for their polymorphism and distinct electronic characteristics. However, state-of-the-art memristors with horizontal placement of sandwiching 2D material layers suffer from poor performance in switching variability and endurance for the preparation and transfer process. Herein, we report a memristor based on vertical MoReS3 nanosheets spread on the surface of carbon fiber cloth. The atomic-scale thickness, combined with the structural transition from the T′ phase to the T″ phase in Janus MoReS3 nanostructures, lowers the spatial (device-to-device) and temporal (cycle-to-cycle) variation and prolongs the lifespan of the device during resistive switching processes. Furthermore, our memristor achieves a high device yield and accurate analogue programming and, thus, exhibits the synapse-like learning behavior such as short-term memory and long-term memory. These results demonstrate the potential of direct modulation of 2D materials with electric stress and motivate further research in implementation of artificial synapses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential interactions between aeolian and fluvial systems are critical in understanding environmental change. Whether aeolian products originated from the river depends on the river characteristics and wind regimes. In southern Tibet, aeolian sand dunes are widespread along the Yarlung River, and thus provide an ideal example to explore the relationships between large fluvial systems and aeolian products. Although previous studies postulated that those aeolian products were originated from the Yarlung River, few empirical data actually exist to support this idea. We analysed the spatial pattern, sand transportation directions, and granulometric characteristics of the sand dunes to evaluate the potential influence of the Yarlung River on the aeolian processes. Comparison of the dune field distribution against channel width and longitudinal profile of the Yarlung River shows that sand dunes are clustered at the wide and flat segments of the river. Analyses of >4,600 sand dune orientations using Google Earth imagery show that the dunes located at the southern and northern sides of the Yarlung River demonstrate opposite sand transportation directions that generally point against the river. This suggests that the sand grains probably originated from the river. Grain size distributions from dune samples show unimodal or unimodal‐like patterns. This means that each sand dune field was dominantly fed by a simple transportation process rather than by compound processes from smaller‐level fluvial systems, which in turn implies that the Yarlung River was the most possible candidate for the provenance of these aeolian deposits. This study provides new constraints to demonstrate that the Yarlung River provides both accommodation space and sorted fluvial sand for the aeolian sand dunes along the river. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerical calculation of magnetic properties is a very effective way to understand the whole magnetic behavior of nanotubes. Currently, the most studies of calculation of magnetic properties of nanotubes are mainly grounded on the Stoner-Wohlfarth model, starting from an elongated prolate ellipsoid with single domain. But, it is hard to imagine how such an ellipsoid is arranged in the hollow tubular structure, and hence, the realization of predicted magnetic properties has been hindered by the experimental difficulties. In the present article, an alternative model of a chain of ellipsoid-rings is proposed to calculate the magnetic properties of nanotubes, where the chain of rings with ellipsoid particles is assumed to compose a nanotube. Based on this new model, we calculate the magnetic properties of a nanotube and further discuss the influence of tubular geometric parameters on the magnetic properties. All the results are well consistent with the experimental data of a Ni nanotube and, moreover, are available for the Ni nanowire. Consequently, our model provides an easy and general approach to both magnetic nanotubes and magnetic nanowires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]