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A set of nearly NS-trending rifts developed in the Himalayan orogen and southern Tibet, which are the large-scale extensional structures formed under the continuous compression of the Indo-Eurasia continent, playing a significant role in revealing the post-collisional evolution of the Tibetan Plateau. Different predictions have been made on the spatiotemporal distribution of these rifts through the existing hypothesis models, constituting the key factors constraining the formation system of the rifts. In this study we synthesized previous studies on the initiation time of rifting, and further clarified the spatiotemporal trend. The analysis results showed that the rifting initiated progressively earlier westward, which is consistent with the evolution of post-collisional magmatism in the Lhasa Terrain. Moreover, combined with the geophysical observations, it is inferred that the geodynamic mechanism of the nearly NS-trending rifts accords closely with the hypothesis model concerning the eastward-propagating lateral detachment of the subducted Indian slab. The Indian slab detachment resulted in asynchronous gravitational potential energy gradients, which drove the lithosphere flow eastward and eventually caused the eastward development of the rifting.

Gallbladder cancer is a common type of biliary tract tumor. Optimal management for early stage cases typically involves radical excision as the primary treatment modality. Various surgical techniques, including laparoscopic, robotic, and navigational surgery, have demonstrated favorable clinical outcomes in radical gallbladder excision. Unfortunately, most patients are ineligible for surgical intervention because of the advanced stage of the disease upon diagnosis. Consequently, non-surgical interventions, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, have become the mainstay of treatment for patients in advanced stages. This review focuses on elucidating various surgical techniques as well as advancements in immunotherapy and targeted therapy in the context of recent advancements in gallbladder cancer research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As promising nonvolatile memory devices, memristors based on transition metal dichalcogenides, such as MoS2 and MoTe2, have received much attention for their polymorphism and distinct electronic characteristics. However, state-of-the-art memristors with horizontal placement of sandwiching 2D material layers suffer from poor performance in switching variability and endurance for the preparation and transfer process. Herein, we report a memristor based on vertical MoReS3 nanosheets spread on the surface of carbon fiber cloth. The atomic-scale thickness, combined with the structural transition from the T′ phase to the T″ phase in Janus MoReS3 nanostructures, lowers the spatial (device-to-device) and temporal (cycle-to-cycle) variation and prolongs the lifespan of the device during resistive switching processes. Furthermore, our memristor achieves a high device yield and accurate analogue programming and, thus, exhibits the synapse-like learning behavior such as short-term memory and long-term memory. These results demonstrate the potential of direct modulation of 2D materials with electric stress and motivate further research in implementation of artificial synapses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential interactions between aeolian and fluvial systems are critical in understanding environmental change. Whether aeolian products originated from the river depends on the river characteristics and wind regimes. In southern Tibet, aeolian sand dunes are widespread along the Yarlung River, and thus provide an ideal example to explore the relationships between large fluvial systems and aeolian products. Although previous studies postulated that those aeolian products were originated from the Yarlung River, few empirical data actually exist to support this idea. We analysed the spatial pattern, sand transportation directions, and granulometric characteristics of the sand dunes to evaluate the potential influence of the Yarlung River on the aeolian processes. Comparison of the dune field distribution against channel width and longitudinal profile of the Yarlung River shows that sand dunes are clustered at the wide and flat segments of the river. Analyses of >4,600 sand dune orientations using Google Earth imagery show that the dunes located at the southern and northern sides of the Yarlung River demonstrate opposite sand transportation directions that generally point against the river. This suggests that the sand grains probably originated from the river. Grain size distributions from dune samples show unimodal or unimodal‐like patterns. This means that each sand dune field was dominantly fed by a simple transportation process rather than by compound processes from smaller‐level fluvial systems, which in turn implies that the Yarlung River was the most possible candidate for the provenance of these aeolian deposits. This study provides new constraints to demonstrate that the Yarlung River provides both accommodation space and sorted fluvial sand for the aeolian sand dunes along the river. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerical calculation of magnetic properties is a very effective way to understand the whole magnetic behavior of nanotubes. Currently, the most studies of calculation of magnetic properties of nanotubes are mainly grounded on the Stoner-Wohlfarth model, starting from an elongated prolate ellipsoid with single domain. But, it is hard to imagine how such an ellipsoid is arranged in the hollow tubular structure, and hence, the realization of predicted magnetic properties has been hindered by the experimental difficulties. In the present article, an alternative model of a chain of ellipsoid-rings is proposed to calculate the magnetic properties of nanotubes, where the chain of rings with ellipsoid particles is assumed to compose a nanotube. Based on this new model, we calculate the magnetic properties of a nanotube and further discuss the influence of tubular geometric parameters on the magnetic properties. All the results are well consistent with the experimental data of a Ni nanotube and, moreover, are available for the Ni nanowire. Consequently, our model provides an easy and general approach to both magnetic nanotubes and magnetic nanowires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]