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Sense of agency (SOA) is the experience that a person causes and controls one's own actions and effects on the outside world. Intentional binding, the subjective compression of temporal interval between voluntary action and its outcome, is an implicit indicator of SOA. The altered SOA have been consistently reported in schizophrenia patients, however, whether psychologically healthy individuals who scored highly on the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) would also show abnormalities of self-agency. To clarify the relationship between SOA and schizophrenia from the continuum perspective, this study employed interval estimation paradigm to investigate the sense of self-agency in individuals with highly schizotypal. Thirty-five individuals scoring above 36 (High Schizotypy) and thirty-seven individuals scoring below 10 (Low Schizotypy) on SPQ participated in this study. The results showed that the High Schizotypy have a weaker sense of self-agency in 100 ms delay condition. Additionally, SOA and psychotic symptoms were negatively correlated, however, this relationship was confined to 100 ms condition. These suggested that the abnormally weakened SOA was closely associated with High Schizotypy, furthermore, there is a time window for the abnormal weakening of the SOA caused by the voluntarily action., Author(s): Chaochao Pan [sup.1] [sup.2] , Hong Lu [sup.3] [sup.4] , Jiaxuan Gong [sup.1] [sup.2] , Yao Guo [sup.1] [sup.2] , Zekai Li [sup.1] [sup.2] , Pei Xie [sup.1] [sup.2] [...]

The utilization of CO2 has become an emerging area of research in response to climate change and global warming. The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) holds significant promise as a technology to address this issue by converting CO2 molecules into various commercially valuable chemicals. While CO2RR to C1 hydrocarbons has achieved high activity and selectivity, the C–C coupling to produce higher hydrocarbons remains challenging due to low energy efficiency and the prevalent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on the same catalyst, leading to high hydrogenation rates. In this review, we aim to elucidate the fundamental challenges of C–C coupling and explore potential strategies to enhance the selectivity for higher hydrocarbon products. We discuss the mechanisms underlying the formation of C2 and C3 products, focusing on molecular catalysts that facilitate C–C coupling by positioning CO2 molecules in close proximity. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive overview of different approaches to improve higher hydrocarbon selectivity, along with future suggestions and recommendations for new researchers in the field. This review serves as a valuable resource for both academic researchers and industrial stakeholders aiming for the commercialization of CO2RR technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon-based nanomaterials are gaining attention in electrocatalysis. This study investigates the inherent nitrate reduction activity (NO 3 RR) of commercial carbon paper as a substrate. Results showed that carbon paper, without additional catalysts, achieved approximately 80.42 % ammonia (NH 3 ) Faradaic efficiency (FE) at -2.1 V vs. Hg/HgO in alkaline conditions, 83.51 % NH 3 FE at -1.9 V vs. Ag/AgCl in neutral conditions, and 14.53 % NH 3 FE at -1.9 V vs. MSE in acidic conditions. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations revealed energy barriers of 2.66 eV, 0.95 eV, and 1.37 eV, respectively. Molecular physisorption on the carbon paper surface generates an induced electric field, promoting charge transfer between the carbon paper and the adsorbed molecules, thus enhancing the activity of the carbon paper. These findings highlight the importance of considering the intrinsic catalytic properties of carbon substrates in catalyst design and evaluation, as overlooking these properties can lead to inaccurate performance assessments. This study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to optimize catalytic systems., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The utilization of CO 2 has become an emerging area of research in response to climate change and global warming. The electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) holds significant promise as a technology to address this issue by converting CO 2 molecules into various commercially valuable chemicals. While CO 2 RR to C 1 hydrocarbons has achieved high activity and selectivity, the C-C coupling to produce higher hydrocarbons remains challenging due to low energy efficiency and the prevalent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on the same catalyst, leading to high hydrogenation rates. In this review, we aim to elucidate the fundamental challenges of C-C coupling and explore potential strategies to enhance the selectivity for higher hydrocarbon products. We discuss the mechanisms underlying the formation of C 2 and C 3 products, focusing on molecular catalysts that facilitate C-C coupling by positioning CO 2 molecules in close proximity. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive overview of different approaches to improve higher hydrocarbon selectivity, along with future suggestions and recommendations for new researchers in the field. This review serves as a valuable resource for both academic researchers and industrial stakeholders aiming for the commercialization of CO 2 RR technologies.