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The development of cobalt based catalysts in the field of conjugated diene polymerization was reviewed. The catalytic activity of using different types of cobalt catalytic systems and cobalt complexes containing different types of ligands for the polymerization of conjugated dienes such as butadiene and isoprene, as well as the effect on the microstructure of polymers (regional regularity, cis-1,4 -unit, trans-1,4-unit, 1,2-unit, and 3,4-unit) and their stereoregularity (inter regularity, iso regularity, microstructure sequence distribution) were explored in detail with 76 references. The influence of polymer molecular weight and its distribution were also reviewed, and the research direction of cobalt catalysts in catalysizing the polymerization of conjugated dienes was prospected.

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of intelligent ophthalmology in China, including technological advancements, academic exchange platforms, policy support, future challenges, and potential solutions. Technologically, remarkable progress have been made in various areas of intelligent ophthalmology in China, including diabetic retinopathy, fundus image analysis, and crucial aspects such as quality assessment of medical artificial intelligence products, clinical research methods, technological evaluation, and industrial standards. Researchers are constantly improving the safety and standardization of intelligent ophthalmology technology by formulating clinical application guidelines and standards. Academic exchange platforms have been established to provide extensive collaboration opportunities for professionals across diverse fields, and various academic journals serve as publication platforms for intelligent ophthalmology research. Regarding public policy, the Chinese government has not only established a supportive policy environment for the advancement of intelligent ophthalmology through various documents and regulations, but provided a legal basis and management framework. However, there are still challenges to overcome, such as technological innovation, data privacy and security, outdated regulations, and talent shortages. To tackle these issues, there is a requirement for increased technological research and development, the establishment of regulatory frameworks, talent cultivation, and greater awareness and acceptance of new technologies among patients. By comprehensively addressing these challenges, intelligent ophthalmology in China is expected to continue leading the industry's global development, bringing more innovation and convenience to the field of ophthalmic healthcare.

The rotational synchronous teaching (RST) model has attracted attention as it can increase the teaching presence and connected classroom climate in multiple synchronous classroom learning environments. This paper presents an investigation of the effects of the relationships between college students' perception of teaching presence, connected classroom climate, and deep learning in RST. A total of 264 valid data sets were collected from 288 first-year college students. Structural equation modeling was employed, showing that teaching presence and connected classroom climate were both positively related to students' deep learning. In addition, an indirect effect was identified between teaching presence and deep learning through connected classroom climate. Further analysis showed that the facilitating discourse dimension of teaching presence had a direct effect on the reflective learning dimension of deep learning and connected classroom climate. Moreover, the assessment dimension of teaching presence had a direct effect on higher-order learning and integrated learning dimensions of deep learning and connected classroom climate. Employing connected classroom climate as a mediator, (1) partially mediated the relationships between facilitating discourse and reflective learning, as well as assessment and higher-order learning, and (2) fully mediated the relationships between facilitating discourse and higher-order learning. These findings have practical implications for educators, which can be used to enhance teaching presence and connected classroom climate thus promoting students' deep learning within the RST model of instruction.

With the development of artificial intelligence technology, explosive research on the recognition of retina diseases with artificial intelligence was published worldwide, among which, diabetic retinopathy attracted most attention. However, evaluation of different artificial intelligence software remains a problem. The Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital published the first standard well-annotated color photo database of diabetic retinopathy for artificial intelligence research in China. We herein present the procedures for the establishment of the database and aim to provide reference for the future development of similar databases.

The flipped classroom has gained much attention for its pedagogical success in higher education. However, continued use of this technology-supported instructional approach has been problematic. To support the success and continuation of flipped classroom implementation, this study employs structural equation modeling techniques to examine the relationships between five key factors of influence (computer self-efficacy, perceived technological pedagogical content knowledge, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived organizational support) and instructors' continued use intention. The results identify that instructors' perceived organizational support and perceived technological pedagogical content knowledge are the only factors examined that directly impact continued use intention. Instructors' technological pedagogical content knowledge also mediates between perceived organizational support and computer self-efficacy to continued use intention. These findings provide empirical evidence of such relationships and indicate that personal beliefs regarding technology itself are not the strongest factors influencing the continued use of flipped classroom instruction. Rather, instructors' beliefs relating to their environmental surroundings and personal knowledge regarding technology usage for instructional purposes are the key factors of instructors' continued use intention in Chinese higher education.