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7. Correction: Balaphas et al. Cell Therapy for Anal Sphincter Incontinence: Where Do We Stand? Cells 2021, 10 , 2086.

Author

Balaphas, Alexandre, Meyer, Jeremy, Meier, Raphael P. H., Liot, Emilie, Buchs, Nicolas C., Roche, Bruno, Toso, Christian, Bühler, Leo H., Gonelle-Gispert, Carmen, and Ris, Frédéric

Subjects
ANUS, CELLULAR therapy, MEDICAL personnel, FECAL incontinence, SACRAL nerves, SPHINCTERS, RESEARCH personnel
Abstract

This document is a correction notice for an article on cell therapy for anal sphincter incontinence. The authors have made corrections to the citations and reference numbers, as well as updated the references in Table 1. Table 3 provides information on the characteristics of primary cells proposed for cell therapy of anal sphincter incontinence. The document also discusses the use of cell therapy for anal sphincter injury, including various studies and clinical trials. It highlights the practical considerations and challenges associated with cell therapy, as well as the need for further research in this area. Additionally, the document is part of a collection of articles exploring regenerative therapies for anal sphincter injury and fecal incontinence, providing valuable insights for researchers and healthcare professionals. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023
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15. Islet Encapsulation: New Developments for the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

Author

Zhang, Qi, Gonelle-Gispert, Carmen, Li, Yanjiao, Geng, Zhen, Gerber-Lemaire, Sandrine, Wang, Yi, Buhler, Leo, Zhang, Qi, Gonelle-Gispert, Carmen, Li, Yanjiao, Geng, Zhen, Gerber-Lemaire, Sandrine, Wang, Yi, and Buhler, Leo

Abstract

Islet transplantation is a promising approach for the treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Currently, clinical islet transplantation is limited by allo - and autoimmunity that may cause partial or complete loss of islet function within a short period of time, and long-term immunosuppression is required to prevent rejection. Encapsulation into semipermeable biomaterials provides a strategy that allows nutrients, oxygen and secreted hormones to diffuse through the membrane while blocking immune cells and the like out of the capsule, allowing long-term graft survival and avoiding long-term use of immunosuppression. In recent years, a variety of engineering strategies have been developed to improve the composition and properties of encapsulation materials and to explore the clinical practicality of islet cell transplantation from different sources. In particular, the encapsulation of porcine islet and the co-encapsulation of islet cells with other by-standing cells or active ingredients for promoting long-term functionality, attracted significant research efforts. Hydrogels have been widely used for cell encapsulation as well as other therapeutic applications including tissue engineering, cell carriers or drug delivery. Here, we review the current status of various hydrogel biomaterials, natural and synthetic, with particular focus on islet transplantation applications. Natural hydrophilic polymers include polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, alginic acid, hyaluronic acid, chitosan) and peptides (collagen, poly-L-lysine, poly-L-glutamic acid). Synthetic hydrophilic polymers include alcohol, acrylic acid and their derivatives [poly (acrylic acid), poly (methacrylic acid), poly(acrylamide)]. By understanding the advantages and disadvantages of materials from different sources and types, appropriate materials and encapsuling methods can be designed and selected as needed to improve the efficacy and duration of islet. Islet capsule transplantation is emerging as a promising f

Published
2022
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21. Advantages of the retroperitoneal retrocolic space as the transplant site for encapsulated xenogeneic islets.

Author

Geng, Zhen, Zhang, Qi, Li, Ting, Huang, Ting, Wang, Hailian, Zhou, Qiao, Deng, Shaoping, Zhao, Yanshuang, Li, Yanjiao, Cheng, Chunming, Gonelle‐Gispert, Carmen, Buhler, Leo H., and Wang, Yi

Subjects
RETROPERITONEUM, ISLANDS, ORGANS (Anatomy), TYPE 1 diabetes, HEPATIC veins, GASTRIC inhibitory polypeptide
Abstract

Objective: Islet allotransplantation has demonstrated improved clinical outcomes using the hepatic portal vein as the standard infusion method. However, the current implantation site is not ideal due to the short‐term thrombotic and long‐term immune destruction. Meanwhile, the shortage of human organ donors further limits its application. To find a new strategy, we tested a new polymer combination for islet encapsulation and transplantation. Meanwhile, we explored a new site for xenogeneic islet transplantation in mice. Method: We synthesized a hydrogel combining alginate plus poly‐ethylene‐imine (Alg/PEI) for the encapsulation of rat, neonatal porcine, and human islets. Transplantation was performed into the retroperitoneal retro‐colic space of diabetic mice. Control mice received free islets under the kidney capsule or encapsulated islets into the peritoneum. The biochemical indexes were measured, and the transplanted islets were harvested for immunohistochemical staining of insulin and glucagon. Results: Mice receiving encapsulated rat, porcine and human islets transplanted into the retroperitoneal space maintained normoglycemia for a median of 275, 145.5, and 146 days, respectively. In contrast, encapsulated xenogeneic islets transplanted into the peritoneum, maintained function for a median of 61, 95.5, and 82 days, respectively. Meanwhile, xenogeneic islets transplanted free into the kidney capsule lost their function within 3 days after transplantation. Immunohistochemical staining of encapsulated rat, porcine and human islets, retrieved from the retroperitoneal space, allowed to distinguish morphological normal insulin expressing β‐ and glucagon expressing α‐cells at 70, 60, and 100 days post‐transplant, respectively. Conclusion: Transplantation of Alg/PEI encapsulated xenogeneic islets into the retroperitoneal space provides a valuable new implantation strategy for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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22. Genetic engineering of pigs for xenotransplantation to overcome immune rejection and physiological incompatibilities: The first clinical steps.

Author

Tiantian Lei, Lin Chen, Kejing Wang, Suya Du, Gonelle-Gispert, Carmen, Yi Wang, and Buhler, Leo H.

Subjects
GENETIC engineering, XENOTRANSPLANTATION, HUMORAL immunity, ORGANS (Anatomy), SWINE, TECHNOLOGICAL innovations, BLOOD coagulation
Abstract

Xenotransplantation has the potential to solve the shortfall of human organ donors. Genetically modified pigs have been considered as potential animal donors for human xenotransplantation and have been widely used in preclinical research. The genetic modifications aim to prevent the major species-specific barriers, which include humoral and cellular immune responses, and physiological incompatibilities such as complement and coagulation dysfunctions. Genetically modified pigs can be created by deleting several pig genes related to the synthesis of various pig specific antigens or by inserting human complement‐ and coagulation‐regulatory transgenes. Finally, in order to reduce the risk of infection, genes related to porcine endogenous retroviruses can be knocked down. In this review, we focus on genetically modified pigs and comprehensively summarize the immunological mechanism of xenograft rejection and recent progress in preclinical and clinical studies. Overall, both genetically engineered pig-based xenografts and technological breakthroughs in the biomedical field provide a promising foundation for pig -to- human xenotransplantation in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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23. Cell Therapy for Anal Sphincter Incontinence: Where Do We Stand?

Author

Balaphas, Alexandre, primary, Meyer, Jeremy, additional, Meier, Raphael P. H., additional, Liot, Emilie, additional, Buchs, Nicolas C., additional, Roche, Bruno, additional, Toso, Christian, additional, Bühler, Leo H., additional, Gonelle-Gispert, Carmen, additional, and Ris, Frédéric, additional

Published
2021
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25. Asymmetrical Forces Dictate the Distribution and Morphology of Platelets in Blood Clots

Author

Kovalenko, Tatiana A., primary, Giraud, Marie-Noelle, additional, Eckly, Anita, additional, Ribba, Anne-Sophie, additional, Proamer, Fabienne, additional, Fraboulet, Sandrine, additional, Podoplelova, Nadezhda A., additional, Valentin, Jeremy, additional, Panteleev, Mikhail A., additional, Gonelle-Gispert, Carmen, additional, Cook, Stéphane, additional, Lafanechère, Laurence, additional, Sveshnikova, Anastasia N., additional, and Sadoul, Karin, additional

Published
2021
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27. Platelet interactions with liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatic stellate cells lead to hepatocyte proliferation

Author

Meyer, Jeremy, Balaphas, Alexandre, Fontana, Pierre, Morel, Philippe, Robson, Simon C., Sadoul, Karin, Gonelle-Gispert, Carmen, Bühler, Léo, Meyer, Jeremy, Balaphas, Alexandre, Fontana, Pierre, Morel, Philippe, Robson, Simon C., Sadoul, Karin, Gonelle-Gispert, Carmen, and Bühler, Léo

Abstract

Background: Platelets were postulated to constitute the trigger of liver regeneration. The aim of this study was to dissect the cellular interactions between the various liver cells involved in liver regeneration and to clarify the role of platelets. (2) Methods: Primary mouse liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) were co-incubated with increasing numbers of resting platelets, activated platelets, or platelet releasates. Alterations in the secretion of growth factors were measured. The active fractions of platelet releasates were characterized and their effects on hepatocyte proliferation assessed. Finally, conditioned media of LSECs exposed to platelets were added to primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Secretion of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and hepatocyte proliferation were measured. After partial hepatectomy in mice, platelet and liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC) interactions were analyzed in vivo by confocal microscopy, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and HGF levels were determined. (3) Results: Co-incubation of increasing numbers of platelets with LSECs resulted in enhanced IL-6 secretion by LSECs. The effect was mediated by the platelet releasate, notably a thermolabile soluble factor with a molecular weight over 100 kDa. The conditioned medium of LSECs exposed to platelets did not increase proliferation of primary hepatocytes when compared to LSECs alone but stimulated hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) secretion by HSCs, which led to hepatocyte proliferation. Following partial hepatectomy, in vivo adhesion of platelets to LSECs was significantly increased when compared to sham-operated mice. Clopidogrel inhibited HGF secretion after partial hepatectomy. (4) Conclusion: Our findings indicate that platelets interact with LSECs after partial hepatectomy and activate them to release a large molecule of protein nature, which constitutes the initial trigger for liver regeneration

Published
2020

29. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells derived from porcine exocrine pancreas improve insulin secretion from juvenile porcine islet cell clusters

Author

Montanari, Elisa, primary, Szabó, Luca, additional, Balaphas, Alexandre, additional, Meyer, Jeremy, additional, Perriraz‐Mayer, Nadja, additional, Pimenta, Joel, additional, Giraud, Marie‐Noelle, additional, Egger, Bernhard, additional, Gerber‐Lemaire, Sandrine, additional, Bühler, Leo, additional, and Gonelle‐Gispert, Carmen, additional

Published
2021
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33. Tolerogenic properties of liver macrophages in non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis

Author

Orci, Lorenzo A., primary, Kreutzfeldt, Mario, additional, Goossens, Nicolas, additional, Rubbia‐Brandt, Laura, additional, Slits, Florence, additional, Hammad, Karim, additional, Delaune, Vaihere, additional, Oldani, Graziano, additional, Negro, Francesco, additional, Clément, Sophie, additional, Gonelle‐Gispert, Carmen, additional, Buhler, Léo H., additional, Toso, Christian, additional, and Lacotte, Stéphanie, additional

Published
2020
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35. Platelets and Platelet‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Liver Physiology and Disease

Author

Balaphas, Alexandre, Meyer, Jérémy, Sadoul, Karin, Fontana, Pierre, Morel, Philippe, Gonelle-Gispert, Carmen, and Buehler, Leo Hans

Subjects
ddc:616, ddc:617, ddc:618.97
Abstract

Beyond their role in hemostasis, platelets are proposed as key mediators of several physiological and pathophysiological processes of the liver, such as liver regeneration, toxic or viral acute liver injury, liver fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. The effects of platelets on the liver involve interactions with sinusoidal endothelial cells and the release of platelet-contained molecules following platelet activation. Platelets are the major source of circulating extracellular vesicles, which are suggested to play key roles in platelet interactions with endothelial cells in several clinical disorders. In the present review, we discuss the implications of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles in physiological and pathophysiological processes of the liver.

Published
2019

36. Extracellular vesicles: Future diagnostic and therapeutic tools for liver disease and regeneration

Author

Balaphas, Alexandre, Meyer, Jérémy, Sadoul, Rémy, Morel, Philippe, Gonelle-Gispert, Carmen, and Buehler, Leo Hans

Subjects
Exosome, ddc:617, Microparticle, Microvesicle, Liver regeneration, Extracellular vesicle, Liver injury
Abstract

Extracellular vesicles are membrane fragments that can be produced by all cell types. Interactions between extracellular vesicles and various liver cells constitute an emerging field in hepatology and recent evidences have established a role for extracellular vesicles in various liver diseases and physiological processes. Extracellular vesicles originating from liver cells are implicated in intercellular communication and fluctuations of specific circulating extracellular vesicles could constitute new diagnostic tools. In contrast, extracellular vesicles derived from progenitor cells interact with hepatocytes or non-parenchymal cells, thereby protecting the liver from various injuries and promoting liver regeneration. Our review focuses on recent developments investigating the role of various types of extracellular vesicles in acute and chronic liver diseases as well as their potential use as biomarkers and therapeutic tools.

Published
2019

42. Platelets in liver regeneration

Author

Meyer, Jérémy, Balaphas, Alexandre, Fontana, Pierre, Sadoul, Karin, Morel, Philippe, Gonelle-Gispert, Carmen, and Buehler, Leo Hans

Subjects
ddc:616, surgery, Transplantation, ddc:617, Transfusion therapy, Transfu- sion, Cell-cell interactions, Platelet function, Platelet transfusion
Abstract

Background and Objectives: Loss of liver tissue leading to impairment of liver function represents a major cause of mortality. Understanding the mechanism of liver regeneration and developing therapies to sustain liver regeneration are of high therapeutic relevance. In this regard, platelets are considered as potential candidates for stimulating liver regeneration. airment of liver function.

Published
2017

44. Beneficial Effects of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on Porcine Hepatocyte Viability and Albumin Secretion

Author

Montanari, Elisa, primary, Pimenta, Joel, additional, Szabó, Luca, additional, Noverraz, François, additional, Passemard, Solène, additional, Meier, Raphael P. H., additional, Meyer, Jeremy, additional, Sidibe, Jonathan, additional, Thomas, Aurelien, additional, Schuurman, Henk-Jan, additional, Gerber-Lemaire, Sandrine, additional, Gonelle-Gispert, Carmen, additional, and Buhler, Leo H., additional

Published
2018
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