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O presente estudo avalia o efeito da aparência física de políticos na adesão a uma mensagem política e à avaliação da personalidade recorrendo unicamente ao canal visual. Duzentos participantes de ambos os géneros, foram distribuídos aleatoriamente por 8 condições. Foram usados quatro políticos com duas fotos cada. Uma das fotos apresentava uma imagem cuidada enquanto a outra foto apresentava uma imagem descuidada de cada um desses políticos. Cada participante apenas viu uma das 8 imagens possíveis. Era nossa expetativa que os participantes das condições imagem cuidada apresentassem maior nível de concordância com a mensagem política do que os participantes que observaram fotos dos mesmos políticos mas com imagem descuidada. De acordo com as nossas expetativas os participantes das condições imagem cuidada, avaliaram o político como tendo melhor aparência, uma personalidade mais favorável e apresentaram maior nível de adesão à mensagem política

No presente estudo, transversal, procurou-se destacar a influência da cultura organizacional sobre a satisfação no trabalho dos colaboradores e sobre a atmosfera de grupo. Estas variáveis têm repercussões na realização pessoal dos colaboradores e na produtividade da empresa. Foi nosso objectivo, analisar a influência da percepção da cultura organizacional na satisfação profissional e na atmosfera de grupo numa amostra, de conveniência, de 210 participantes (enfermeiros; professores). Os dados, de natureza quantitativa, foram recolhidos através dum instrumento constituído por três escalas: FOCUS (First Organizational Culture Unified Search) (Neves, 2000); Satisfação Profissional (Lima, Vala e Monteiro, 1994) e a Escala de Atmosfera de Grupo (Jesuíno, 1987). Foram também registadas variáveis demográficas dos inquiridos. Os resultados sugerem que a cultura é percepcionada como uma cultura de regras. A cultura organizacional apresenta um elevado valor preditivo da satisfação profissional e da atmosfera de grupo. Estas duas últimas variáveis se correlacionam significativamente

O presente estudo constitui um contributo para a adaptação de escalas relativas ao incumprimento do contrato psicológico, através da escala de violação do contrato psicológico de Robinson e Morrinson (2000) e a escala de ruptura do contrato psicológico de Rousseau (2000). A escala de violação do contrato psicológico é constituída por cinco itens, numa escala tipo Likert de 5 pontos, desde o discordo totalmente até ao concordo totalmente, havendo dois dos itens que estão invertidos. A ruptura do contrato psicológico (Rousseau, 2000) a escala é constituída por quatro itens, distribuídos também numa escala de cinco pontos. A amostra final é constituída por 635 activos humanos de universidades públicas portuguesas. Na solução factorial confirmatória da escala de ruptura do contrato psicológico, os dados apontam para um melhor ajustamento numa estrutura de dois factores. Na escala de violação do contrato factorial a melhor solução encontrada também aponta para dois factores

No quotidiano, muitas vezes sem que se apercebam, os sujeitos são influenciados pelas características culturais do meio em que vivem. A cultura é considerada toda a totalidade dos padrões de comportamento socialmente transmitidos, artes, crenças e muitos outros processos considerados a expressão de um determinado período, classe, comunidade ou população (Choudhry, Fang e Mohamed, 2007). Ao nível organizacional encontramos um conjunto de valores, normas e padrões de comportamento que influenciam os diversos membros. Este leque de valores varia consoante a organização, correspondendo à Cultura Organizacional. O presente artigo teórico constitui uma singela análise em torno da temática, com vista a despertar reflexão e, eventualmente, futuros estudos

Climate change is among the principal threats to global terrestrial biodiversity, especially to megadiverse ecosystems such as the Amazon rainforest. In this study, we investigate how it could affect an iconic forest species—Bertholletia excelsa—(the Brazil nut) which has values in multiple dimensions in an Amazonian context. We used an ensemble from various distribution modeling methods designed for four different climate scenarios from CMIP6 by the end of the century. Then, we simulate how spatial dynamics under climate change, including explicitly dispersal events, can affect the persistence, colonization, and potential extinction of Bertholletia excelsa in the future. Our results show that by the end of the century there would be a generalized loss of suitability on the Amazon biome, regardless of the climate scenario evaluated, which could promote a significant loss (up to 94%) of the area available for the species via extinction. Our results also show that, in the future, the species would colonize higher altitudes in search of favorable conditions for its survival. Finally, we detected that areas that had previously become unsuitable because of climate change would have favorable conditions by the end of the century. Such an outcome could be useful in fostering an active restoration agenda that can mitigate the negative effects of climate change on species in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supported by the Intergroup Threat Theory (ITT), this study analyzes the effect of multicultural ideology on attitudes towards immigrants mediated by realistic, symbolic, and zero-sum threats. With a sample of Portuguese participants (N = 404)), polynomial regression analysis with response surface methodology was used to test the effects of multicultural attitude (MA) and perceived intergroup threat (PIT) on attitudes towards immigrants (ATI). This study also tested a model in which positive MA leads to a lower PIT, and consequently to more favorable ATI. Four hypotheses were proposed; all of which were confirmed. The results further showed that the direction of discrepancy between MA and PIT can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the complex role of multicultural ideology in predicting ATI. Findings, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies addressing the recognition of emotions in blind or deaf participants have been carried out only with children and adolescents. Due to these age limits, such studies do not clarify the long-term effects of vision and hearing disabilities on emotion recognition in adults. We assessed the ability to recognize basic emotions in 15 deaf adults (aged 32.4 ± 8.1 yrs) and in 15 blind adults (48.3 ± 10.5 yrs). Auditory and visual stimuli expressing six basic emotional states were presented to participants ("Florida Affect Battery"). Participants also performed an empathy test. Deaf participants showed difficulties in emotion recognition tasks compared to the typical hearing participants; however, differences were only statistically reliable for Facial Emotion Discrimination and Naming tasks (specifically, naming expressions of fear). Deaf participants also revealed inferior levels of cognitive empathy. Concerning blind participants, their performance was lower than the controls' only when the task required the evaluation of emotional prosody while ignoring the semantic content of the sentence. Overall, although deaf and blind participants performed reasonably well on tasks requiring recognition of basic emotions, sensory loss may hinder their social perception skills when processing subtle emotions or when the extraction of simultaneous prosodic and semantic information is required.

The Caatinga is the largest patch of Seasonal Dry Tropical Forest in the Neotropics, located in northeastern Brazil and characterized mainly by deciduous vegetation and extreme rainfall seasonality. It has historically been treated as a biologically impoverished domain, but recent studies uncovered new diversification patterns and several new taxa of frogs, mammals, insects, and fishes. Here we employed a dense sampling regime to evaluate whether the São Francisco River (SFR) would have promoted genetic diversification and fixed phenotypic differences and how Quaternary climatic oscillations shaped distribution and population sizes in a Caatinga endemic species, the Silvery‐cheeked Antshrike (Sakesphoroides cristatus). We adopted an integrative approach using multilocus genetic, plumage, vocal data, and ecological niche modelling (ENM) to characterize evolutionary units and niche suitability in past scenarios. We recovered strong genetic structure across the SFR that was congruent with plumage and vocal variation, revealing a yet undescribed species named herein as Sakesphoroides niedeguidonae, sp. nov. (urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2B9FC637‐008A‐4E9A‐B92B‐69ED7FE23823s). The splitting time estimated between the newly described species and S. cristatus is consistent with the establishment of the modern course of SFR, with a more recent course shift apparently promoting the secondary contact between the two species in the Raso da Catarina region. After their split, both species experienced increases in population sizes and range sizes at similar times during the Last Glacial Maximum. We expect other Caatinga avian endemic lineages to show similar patterns of genetic differentiation across the SFR that were enhanced by Quaternary climatic oscillations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to analyze the association between internalized homophobia and its domains and depression in homosexual and bisexual individuals and to quantify its results in depression. This is a cross-sectional online and anonymous study based on the LGBT+ health study conducted in Brazil from August to November, 2020, summing 926 respondents. Depression was self-reported. Internalized Homophobia was measured by the Brazilian Internalized Homophobia Scale for Gays and Lesbians, using 80% percentile to classify elevated total and by domain scores. Statistical analysis was based on Poisson Regression models with robust variance. Depression prevalence was 23.7%. The results revealed that internalized homophobia was positively associated with depression only among homosexuals (Prevalence Ratio (RP) = 1.80; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.12-2.90). We found no statistical association for stigma and oppression domains. Population attributable fraction of depression was 2.3% (95%CI 0.1-4.5) in relation to internalized homophobia. Our findings highlight the need of controlling internalized homophobia to decrease the prevalence of depression among homosexuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study aims to present the psychometric properties of the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale in a Portuguese sample. Three studies were performed: the first study provides psychometric evidence pertaining to its reliability and factor structure, an analysis of the measurement invariance of the BSSS across gender and age, and an examination of the differences scores on the scale regarding gender, age and marital status (n = 526); the second study consists of an assessment of convergent, discriminant and postdictive validity (n = 240); and the third study includes a test-retest of the BSSS (n = 72). A four-factor model yielded the best fit to the data with good reliability and validity. The scale showed non-invariance between genders and between ages, which makes it less generalizable and susceptible to different populations. Convergent validity with the variables risk taking, need for arousal and extraversion, and discriminant validity between neuroticism, agreeableness and conscientiousness, were demonstrated. The scale presents good temporal stability and represent an important tool for psychological assessment of personality and behavior, and as a predictor of safety performance., Author(s): Cátia Sousa [sup.1] [sup.2] , Gabriela Gonçalves [sup.1] [sup.2] , António Sousa [sup.1] [sup.3] , Ezequiel Pinto [sup.1] [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.7157.4, 0000 0000 9693 350X, University of [...]