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A traça-da-uva, Lobesia botrana, é praga-chave da vinha na Região Demarcada do Douro (RDD). A sua importância económica, a par da necessidade de reduzir o uso de inseticidas de síntese na vinha, conferem relevância ao desenvolvimento de estratégias de proteção contra a praga, alternativas aos meios químicos. Incluem-se nestas estratégias, a seleção das castas, as medidas culturais e a confusão sexual. O seu adequado uso obriga a um aprofundado conhecimento do comportamento do inseto em relação a diversos parâmetros biológicos. Com o presente trabalho, pretendeu-se, através da análise de dados recolhidos entre 2000 e 2019, estudar a influência, na intensidade do ataque de L. botrana, na RDD, da sub-região, ano, geração e casta. Os resultados mostraram que, a intensidade do ataque da praga: i) foi, em geral, inferior no Douro Superior, comparativamente, quer ao Cima Corgo quer ao Baixo Corgo; ii) diferiu entre anos, na dependência das condições climáticas, mas tendencialmente diminuiu ao longo dos anos; iii) na primeira geração, em geral manteve-se em valores inferiores ao nível económico de ataque, enquanto nas restantes gerações se situou entre os limites estabelecidos para o mesmo (i.e. 1 – 10% cachos atacados); iv) as castas ‘Touriga Franca’, no caso das castas tintas, e ‘Malvasia Fina’, no caso das castas brancas foram, de entre as estudadas, as tendencialmente mais atacadas.

A confusão sexual é uma técnica inovadora de proteção biotécnica contra a traça-da-uva, Lobesia botrana, considerada praga-chave da vinha na Região Demarcada do Douro (RDD). O difusor ISONET-LTT®, desenvolvido pela Shin-Etsu Chemical Co, mostrou, em trabalhos recentes, ser eficaz na proteção da vinha contra L. botrana. Porém, a utilização repetida de difusores feitos à base de polietileno, gera um problema de natureza ambiental, pela acumulação de plástico na vinha. Recentemente, a mesma empresa desenvolveu um novo difusor feito com materiais biodegradáveis, o ISONET-LTT BIO®, semelhante aos tradicionais. No presente estudo, que decorreu durante 2020, pretendeu-se avaliar a eficácia destes dois modelos de difusores de feromona na proteção da vinha contra a traça-da-uva na RDD. Adicionalmente, foi também avaliado o efeito da altitude na evolução da quantidade de feromona libertada por cada modelo. De forma geral, os dois difusores permitiram uma redução da intensidade de ataque de L. botrana, nas três gerações, com exceção de algumas parcelas durante o terceiro voo e terceira geração. A evolução da quantidade de feromona libertada pelos difusores estudados prolongou-se até ao início de agosto. A avaliação da quantidade de feromona emitida, em miligramas por dia por hectare, permitiu identificar diferenças de perdas a cotas diferentes, com maior libertação nas cotas mais baixas. A aplicação do difusor biodegradável foi eficaz na proteção contra a traça-da-uva, podendo constituir uma alternativa viável para a redução de resíduos de plástico no ecossistema vitícola.

This work presents a novel application of gas-diffusion microextraction (GDME) for the extraction and identification of volatile carbonyl compounds from a dry-process fibreboard (MDF) by combining high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC–DAD) and mass spectrometry (MS). GDME is a simple, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly technique that allows the simultaneous extraction and derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) of selected volatiles. The extraction conditions were optimized using design of experiments through a 24 full fractional design followed by a Box–Behnken design, resulting in 35 min of extraction at 45 °C using 500 µL of DNPH 0.15%. The analysis of commercial MDF samples with different characteristics, such as thickness or colour, showed a distinct emission profile of volatile carbonyls. The principal emitting compounds found were formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, butanal, pentanal, hexanal, heptanal, octanal, and nonanal. A total of 25 compounds were identified using MS, including saturated and unsaturated aldehydes, ketones, dicarbonyls, and benzaldehyde-derivatives. This method can be a valuable tool for the qualitative evaluation of VOCs released from wood-based panels and for the assessment of indoor-air quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming to reduce the losses of biodiversity and the degradation of associated ecosystem services, the United Nations established the 2011-2020 period as the UN Decade on Biodiversity. During this period, the countries involved compromised on implementing the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity, including the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. The argument is that biological diversity underpins the functioning of ecosystems and the provision of services essential to human well-being, further contributing to economic development and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. The purpose of this review is to present results of research and academic works carried out over several years in the Douro Demarcated Region in the field of functional agrobiodiversity, understood as the part of ecosystem biodiversity that provides ecosystem services, which support sustainable agricultural production and can also bring benefits to the regional and global environment and to society as a whole. Such studies specifically aimed to contribute knowledge about the diversity of arthropods in the vineyard ecosystem and about practices that can increase their abundance, diversity and services provided. In this context, a general characterization of the arthropod community identified in the vineyard ecosystem is conducted, complemented by information on the role played, by the taxonomic groups identified. The importance of increasing arthropod populations, the vegetation of vineyard slopes, and the existence of shrubs, forests and hedgerows next to the vineyards is discussed. The fundamental role of soil management practices is also referred, namely that of ground cover and the application of compost from winery wastes in the abundance and diversity of these organisms populations. Finally, bearing in mind the importance of the use of this information by vine growers, the measures taken for its dissemination are also presented.

This work presents the electrochemical determination of cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) in water-organic mixtures using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and commercial screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). The electrocatalytic behavior of Vitamin D3 on the surface of the working electrode produced a well-defined oxidation peak at +0.95 V (vs. Ag|AgCl, 3.0 mol L−1) and +0.7 V (vs. Ag-SPCE pseudo-reference electrode) for the GCE and SPCE, respectively, in 0.1 M LiClO4 prepared in 50% ethanol. The nature of the organic solvent needed for the solubilization of Vitamin D3 was evaluated, together with the concentration of the supporting electrolyte, the ratio of the water-organic mixture, the voltametric parameters for the cyclic voltammetry (CV), and square-wave voltammetry (SWV) analyses. Under the optimized conditions, a linear correlation between the anodic peak current and the concentration of Vitamin D3 was obtained over the range of 0.47 to 123 µmol L−1 and 59.4 to 1651 µmol L−1 for the GCE and SPCE, respectively. The determined limits of detection (LOD) were 0.17 (GCE) and 19.4 µmol L−1 (SPCE). The methodology was successfully applied to commercial supplement tablets of Vitamin D3. Additionally, this work shows the possibility of using non-modified GCE and SPCE for routine analysis of Vitamin D3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Sociales (13159518) is the property of Revista de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad del Zulia Venezuela and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Human Review is the property of Eagora Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The more restrictive regulations of pesticides in Europe have led to an increase in conservation biological control (CBC) research. However, little attention has been paid to the main determinants of Lobesia botrana parasitism. The Douro Demarcated Region landscape offers scope for the use of CBC. The study was conducted between 2002 and 2015 aiming at: (i) identifying parasitoids associated with L. botrana and evaluating their impact as biological control agents in each generation of the pest, and (ii) evaluating the effect of both the proportion of ecological infrastructures (EI) near the vineyards, and the impact of management practices (chemical treatments and ground cover) on the parasitism of L. botrana. A total of 3226 larvae/pupae of L. botrana were collected (15% were parasitized and 485 parasitoids emerged). A complex of 16 taxa of parasitoids was identified, the majority belonging to Hymenoptera. The most abundant were Elachertus sp. (Eulophidae), Campoplex capitator Aubert (Ichneumonidae), and Brachymeria tibialis (Walker) (Chalcididae), which represented 62.5, 12.6, and 12.0% of the total assemblage of parasitoids which emerged, respectively. The percentage of parasitism ranged from 0.0 to 61.5% (first generation), from 0.0 to 36.8% (second generation), and from 0.0 to 12.1% (third generation). Importantly, it was found that the parasitism rate was higher in vineyards with ground cover. In addition, EI in the area surrounding the vineyards produced a significant increase in parasitism. These results suggest potential for CBC of L. botrana if EI around vineyards, and ground cover with native perennial plants within vineyards, are encouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Viticulture & Enology / Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Viticulture & Enology / Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)