Joshua B. Richardson, Ambicadutt Bheecarry, Alma Lopez-Solis, Gonçalo Seixas, Maureen Coetzee, Marina B. Chiappero, Amag A. Saleh, Syed Basit Rasheed, Vicki L. Kramer, Olger Calderón-Arguedas, Rosa M. Sanchez-Casas, Basile Kamgang, Carla A. Sousa, Walter J. Tabachnick, Hany A. Kamal, María Victoria Micieli, Alongkot Ponlawat, Emad I.M. Khater, Nil Rahola, Ademir Jesus Martins, Khouaildi Bin Elahee, Adriana Troyo, Joel Lutomiah, Diego Ayala, Ildefonso Fernández-Salas, Jeffrey R. Powell, Andrea Gloria-Soria, Christophe Paupy, Laura D. Kramer, Dave D. Chadee, Yale University [New Haven], Diversity, ecology, evolution & Adaptation of arthropod vectors (MIVEGEC-DEEVA), Evolution des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Ministry of Health and Quality of Life, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, The University of the West Indies, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba [Argentina], University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública = Regional Centre of Research in Public Health [Tapachula, Mexique] (CRISP), National Institute of Public Health = Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública [Cuernavaca, Mexique] (INSP), Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases [Yaoundé] (CRID), King Saud University [Riyadh] (KSU), Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health [Albany], Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centro de Estudios Parasitologicos y de Vectores [La Plata] (CEPAVE), Universidad Nacional de la Plata [Argentine] (UNLP)-Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas [Buenos Aires] (CIC)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences [Bangkok] (AFRIMS), University of Peshawar (UOP), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR), Financial support was provided by NIAID RO1 AI101112 awarded to JRP. A. Gloria‐Soria was supported by NIAID 3R01AI091646‐04S1. G. Seixas was funded by a PhD fellowship of Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia/MCTES (SFRH/BD/98873/2013). EIK and AAS were funded by the National Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation (MAARIFAH), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Award Number BIO1483), to EIK., We thank generous colleagues who assisted in providing the samples for this study, and we thank J. Pinto, R. Butlin, M. Boots, D. Severson, R. Kelly, K. McCarley, Y. Lourenco, R. Martinez, Dr E. Nchoutpouen, S. Kluh, L. Irby, M. Garcia, A. Scalzo, S. Mulligan, J. Holeman, R. Gay, N. Zahiri, B. Weber and D. J. Gubler. We thank David A. Kellner and Robert Hallberg who provided technical assistance in the laboratory.