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Introduction. Accurate and sensitive measurement of body composition is an important tool in the diagnosis and control of obesity. Objective. To compare body fat changes measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and skinfolds (SK) in healthy overweight adults in order to evaluate whether all three methods can be used during a weight loss program (WLP). Methods. Eighty-four men (n=36) and women (n=48), body mass index 25–29.9 kg/m2, aged between 18-50 years, non-smokers and sedentary, were randomly assigned to strength, endurance, combined strength plus endurance, or physical activity recommendations groups. All subjects followed a hypocaloric diet (25-30% decrease in energy intake in terms of the total daily energy expenditure). The intervention lasted 22 weeks. Results. The highest correlation was obtained between DXA and SK when men and women were studied together (r=0.864, p0.05) when changes in body fat caused by intervention were analyzed. However, considering results of the minimal difference compared to DXA, BIA showed the greatest sensitivity to detect changes in fat percentage and fat mass, while SK underestimated the changes, with a significantly lower percentage considered real (p=0.01). Conclusion. The SK method seems to underestimate real changes, therefore DXA and BIA can serve as more effective tools to measure the change in fat percentage and fat mass during WLP. Level of evidence II, Diagnosis. Introdução. A mensuração precisa e sensível da composição corporal é uma importante ferramenta para o diagnóstico e controle da obesidade. Objetivo. Comparar as alterações da gordura corporal mensuradas através da absorciometria com raios-X de dupla energia (DEXA), análise da impedância bioelétrica (BIA) e dobras cutâneas (DC) em adultos saudáveis com sobrepeso, a fim de avaliar se os três métodos podem ser utilizados durante um programa de perda de peso (PPP). Métodos. Oitenta e quatro homens (n=36) e mulheres (n=48) com índice de massa corporal entre 25-29,9 kg/m2, idade entre 18-50 anos, não-fumantes e sedentários foram divididos aleatoriamente em grupos de de força, resistência, combinados de força mais resistência ou com recomendações de atividade física. Todos os indivíduos seguiram uma dieta hipocalórica (25-30% de redução na ingestão energética em relação ao gasto energético total diário). A intervenção durou 22 semanas. Resultados. A maior correlação foi obtida entre a DEXA e DC quando homens e mulheres foram estudados juntos (r=0,864, p0,05) quando foram analisadas alterações na gordura corporal ocasionadas pela intervenção. No entanto, considerando os resultados da mínima diferença comparados à DEXA, a BIA apresentou maior sensibilidade para detectar mudanças no percentual de gordura e massa gorda, enquanto a DC subestimou as mudanças, com um percentual significativamente mais baixo considerado real (p=0,01). Conclusão. O método de DC parece subestimar as mudanças reais, portanto, a DEXA e BIA podem ser ferramentas mais eficazes para mensurar a alteração no percentual de gordura e a massa gorda durante um PPP. Nível de evidência II, Diagnóstico.

[EN]: Patients with HIV infection have a higher cardiovascular risk than the general population. The identification of patients with high CVR, the implementation of preventive measures and the control of modifiable risk factors, especially in patients on antiretroviral therapy should be part of the management of HIV infection. This document updates the recommendations published in 2014, mainly regarding lipid, glucose, arterial hypertension alterations and cardiovascular risk (CVR). The objective of metabolic monitoring is A1 C ≤7%, similar to that of non-infected population, individualising by age, life expectancy, comorbidities, hypoglycaemia risk and costs. Cardiovascular risk should be calculated in all HIV patients with a risk calculator available for clinical use, even though we recommend the use of REGICOR tables as we are treating the Spanish population. Proper measurement of blood pressure should be a routine practice in the care of patients with HIV infection. The aim of this document is to provide tools for the diagnosis and appropriate treatment of the main metabolic alterations to serve as a reference to professionals who care for people with HIV infection., [ES]: Los pacientes con infección por el VIH presentan un riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) mayor que la población general. La identificación de los pacientes con elevado RCV, la puesta en marcha de medidas preventivas y el control de los factores de riesgo modificables, especialmente en pacientes en tratamiento antirretroviral, deben formar parte del manejo del VIH. El presente documento actualiza las recomendaciones publicadas en el año 2014, sobre todo en lo referente a las alteraciones lipídicas, glucídicas, de hipertensión arterial y RCV. El objetivo de control metabólico es una A1c ≤ 7%, similar a la de la población no infectada, individualizando según edad, expectativa de vida, comorbilidades, riesgo de hipoglucemias y costes. En todos los pacientes con VIH debe calcularse el RCV con alguna calculadora de riesgo disponible para uso clínico, si bien recomendamos el uso de las tablas de Regicor, al tratarse de población española. La medición correcta de la tensión arterial debe ser una práctica rutinaria en la atención a los pacientes con infección por el VIH. El objetivo de este documento es proporcionar herramientas para el diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuado de las principales alteraciones metabólicas para que sirvan de consulta a los profesionales que atienden a personas con el VIH.

Aim: To communicate the results of the Spanish Home Parenteral Nutrition (HEN) registry of the NADYA-SENPE group for the year 2015.Material and methods: Data was recorded online by NADYA group collaborators that were responsible of the HPN follow-up from 1st January to 31st December 2015.Results: Two hundred and thirty-six patients with 243 episodes of NPD were recorded from 40 hospitals. This represents a rate of 5.08 patients/million habitants for 2015. The most frequent pathology in adults was other (26.3%) followed by palliative oncological (21.6%). The most common complication was catheter-related sepsis which presented a rate of 0.53 infections/1,000 days of HPN. Sixty-four episodes were finished; the main cause was death (43.7%) and resuming to oral via (32.8%).Conclusions: we find increasing centers and professional partners, responding to the progressively more patients with parenteral nutrition support at home. The main indications for the establishment of NPD and causes termination of treatment remain stable.