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Designing tasks to foster students' learning is challenging for teachers. In this article, we aim to understand how designing, enacting, and reflecting on tasks promotes the development of in-service and prospective teachers' didactical knowledge during lesson study. Data was collected through participant observation with audio recordings and document collection. Data analysis was based on a category system for task design and students' work and a teachers' didactical knowledge framework. The results suggest that, despite their different teaching experiences, there are aspects that both in-service and prospective teachers attended to when designing tasks. However, in-service teachers had clearer aims when designing tasks and changed them, after observing and reflecting on students' work. Moreover, proposing tasks and reflecting on students' work allowed both groups to rethink their practice to foster students' learning, highlighting the potential of lesson study to deepen their knowledge.

Purpose: This article aims to analyse how a teacher leads whole-class discussions during and after participating in lesson studies and to what extent that participation influences her teaching practice. Design/methodology/approach: This is a qualitative/interpretative research with a case study design, carried out with a secondary school mathematics teacher who participated in two lesson studies. Data were collected from participant observation, audio recording of lesson study (LS) sessions and discussions with the teacher, video recording of lessons and semi-structured interviews. Frameworks regarding the teachers' actions are used in the analysis. Findings: The results suggest that in her teaching practice, the teacher led students to explain their strategies with supporting/guiding actions, but she also challenged the students to justify their productions, ensuring that the students' ideas were clear. Additionally, the teacher explored incorrect strategies and disagreements, inviting and challenging other students to intervene or react and involved students in drawing connections, as discussed in the LS. Therefore, the teacher put into practice several actions teachers can do in leading whole-class discussions to promote students' learning. Participating in LS was an opportunity to rethink her teaching practice, as the teacher pointed out, bringing her a new perspective on leading discussions in which students play an active role in learning mathematics, creating opportunities for the students to explain and react to their colleagues' ideas. Originality/value: This article examines an under-researched issue: the influence of LS on the way a teacher leads whole-class discussions, during and after participating in lesson studies.

This investigatory study sought to explore the range and variation of well-being initiatives on a select cross-section of college campuses across the United States and in Canada. This whitepaper seeks to highlight innovative practices that may inspire institutions to consider new ways of promoting well-being for both students and employees. In this whitepaper, we report findings from 10 participating higher education institutions across three major categories: student-serving programs, employee-serving programs, and hybrid programs. The qualitative data collected from key stakeholder interviews and focus groups were analyzed for trends between and across institutions. Importantly, the results of this study are intended to be hypothesis-generating as opposed to hypothesis-testing. In an effort to describe the state of the field with respect to both common and innovative practices the findings have generated additional questions for further research. Several themes emerged from this study: (1) Campuses have not adopted a universally-accepted definition of well-being; (2) While many institutions are using iterations of the wellness wheel and its various dimensions (e.g. physical, emotional, intellectual, social, spiritual, financial) to guide their efforts, there is not a dominant model for structuring or measuring well-being initiatives on campus; (3) There appears to be a systematic shift from use of the term "wellness" to "well-being"; (4) While many institutions are still utilizing traditional health education practices, there appears to be a movement toward more systemic, environmental approaches to well- being, including structural, organizational, and financial strategies, in addition to a range of policy initiatives; (5) There is a range of engagement in well-being initiatives, with significant variance based on institutional philosophy; and (6) Many institutions are designing well-being initiatives that address health disparities--particularly among underrepresented or marginalized populations.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder and its possible correlations with clinical characteristics in patients with infantile epileptic spasms syndrome in a single center in Brazil. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study examined 53 children with the diagnosis of infantile epileptic spasms syndrome prior to an autism spectrum disorder assessment. Participants were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of autism spectrum disorder. Available variables (sex, medications, median age at onset of infantile epileptic spasms syndrome, and presence of comorbidities) were compared using Mann-Whitney U or chi-square tests. Results: Among the included patients, 12 (23 %) were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, corresponding to a relative risk of 0.29 (95 % confidence interval 0.174-0.492). The age at the first seizure ranged from 3 to 15 months, with a mean of 6.65 months. This age significantly differed between participants with autism spectrum disorder (10.58 months) and those without (5.43 months), p<0.001. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O Programa Residência Pedagógica (PRP) é uma das ações que integram a Política Nacional de Formação de Professores e tem como objetivo induzir o aperfeiçoamento da formação prática nos cursos de licenciatura, promovendo a imersão dos licenciados nas escolas de educação básica, a partir da segunda metade do seu curso. O estudo teve como objetivo relatar as possibilidades, desafios e experiências vivenciadas no módulo inicial do Programa Residência Pedagógica do Subprojeto de Geografia da Universidade Estadual do Piauí (UESPI) - Campus Torquato Neto, por meio de ações pedagógicas promovidas nas aulas de Geografia em uma turma de EJA de uma escola estadual de Teresina-PI, durante o ensino remoto. Assim, a metodologia empregada reuniu revisão bibliográfica de trabalhos científicos - referentes aos conceitos de formação docente, prática educativa, ensino remoto emergencial, educação a distância - e análise das três etapas presentes e vivenciadas no PRP, formações, planejamento e regência. A experiência no programa contribuiu para uma construção de um olhar crítico na iniciação à docência de professores frente a nova realidade do ensino remoto imposta pela pandemia do Covid-19. Dessa forma, os residentes puderam conciliar a teoria pedagógica com a prática docente e vivenciar experiências e desafios dos profissionais da educação brasileira.

Aging is accompanied by considerable deterioration of homeostatic systems, such as autonomic imbalance characterized by heightened sympathetic activity, lower parasympathetic tone, and depressed heart rate (HR) variability, which are aggravated by hypertension. Here, we hypothesized that these age-related deficits in aged hypertensive rats can be ameliorated by exercise training, with benefits to the cardiovascular system. Therefore, male 22-mo-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and agematched Wistar Kyoto (WKY) submitted to moderate-intensity exercise training (T) or kept sedentary (S) for 8 wk were evaluated for hemodynamic/autonomic parameters, baroreflex sensitivity, cardiac sympathetic/parasympathetic tone and analysis of dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH+) and oxytocin (OT+) pathways of autonomic brain nuclei. Aged SHR-S versus WKY-S exhibited elevated mean arterial pressure (MAP: +51%) and HR (+20%), augmented pressure/HR variability, no cardiac vagal tone, and depressed reflex control of the heart (HR range, -28%; gain, -49%). SHR-T exhibited a lower resting HR, a partial reduction in the MAP (-14%), in the pressure/HR variabilities, and restored parasympathetic modulation, with improvement of baroreceptor reflex control when compared with SHR-S. Exercise training increased the ascending DBH+ projections conveying peripheral information to the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN), augmented the expression of OT+ neurons, and reduced the density of DBH+ neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) of SHR-T. Data indicate that exercise training induces beneficial neuroplasticity in brain autonomic circuitry, and it is highly effective to restore the parasympathetic tone, and attenuation of age-related autonomic imbalance and baroreflex dysfunction, thus conferring long-term benefits for cardiovascular control in aged hypertensive individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]