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Background and objectives: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is an independent and strong marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The Princeton Consensus aimed to evaluate and manage cardiovascular risk in men with ED and no known cardiovascular disease, focusing on identifying those requiring additional cardiologic work-up. It has recently been updated to the American population demographics, but European recommendations are needed. Methods: It was developed a cross-sectional investigation including erectile dysfunction patients. Data were collected from hospital registries. Two risk stratification models were employed and compared: Princeton Consensus Criteria (PC) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) CVD Risk Criteria. The objective was to stress the importance of the changes in IV Princeton Consensus recommendations in stratifying CVD risk in men with erectile dysfunction using a model validated in European men. Results: A total of 137 patients with ED, with a mean age of 57.1 years old, were included. According to the PC criteria, 39.7% of the patients were "Low Risk". When using ESC criteria, the proportion of "Low Risk" patients were significantly lower (12%, p < 0.05). Among "Low Risk" patients according to the PC, 52.5% and 20% were classified as High and Very high risk according to ESC criteria, respectively. One myocardial infarction was reported. The patient was classified as "Low Risk" according to the PC, but the ESC criteria categorized him as "high risk". Conclusions: PC is less sensitive than ESC recommendations detecting CVD. It raises concerns that Urologists could be overlooking patients with undiagnosed CVD, consequently missing out on opportunities for prevention of major cardiovascular events (MACEs) and premature deaths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Carbohydrate Counting (CC) is important in managing the treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). This study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with adherence to CC in adults with T1DM in Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online questionnaire. Information was collected on sociodemographic, economic, clinical, and anthropometric factors; knowledge of the CC strategy; the acquisition of supplies; the perception of mathematical skills as a hurdle in adhering to CC; and follow-up with healthcare professionals. Pearson's chi-squared or Fisher's exact test was applied (p < 0.05). Results: Of the 173 participants, 72.8% practiced CC. Practicing CC was associated with having an income higher than three minimum wage equivalents (p = 0.023), and not practicing CC due to the lack of supplies for glucose monitoring was associated with having practiced CC at some point but is currently not practicing (p < 0.001). Not practicing the necessary calculations for CC was associated with "knowing how to do CC but had never done it" and "had done CC at some point but currently not practicing" (p < 0.001). Stopping or having stopped practicing CC due to insufficient materials for glucose monitoring was associated with having practiced CC for a period but is not currently doing so (p < 0.001). Following up with healthcare professionals (p < 0.001) and receiving encouragement from the endocrinologist (p < 0.001) and nutritionist (p = 0.047) were associated with adherence to CC. Conclusions: Having a better financial status, performing the mathematical calculations required for CC, having access to supplies for glucose monitoring, and receiving specialized professional follow-up were factors associated with adherence to CC in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naringenin is a plant polyphenol, widely explored due to its interesting biological activities, namely anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. Due to its potential applications and attempt to overcome the industrial demand, there has been an increased interest in its heterologous production. The microbial biosynthetic pathway to produce naringenin is composed of tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), chalcone synthase (CHS), and chalcone isomerase (CHI). Herein, we targeted the efficient de novo production of naringenin in Escherichia coli by performing a step-by-step validation and optimization of the pathway. For that purpose, we first started by expressing two TAL genes from different sources in three different E. coli strains. The highest p-coumaric acid production (2.54 g/L) was obtained in the tyrosine-overproducing M-PAR-121 strain carrying TAL from Flavobacterium johnsoniae (FjTAL). Afterwards, this platform strain was used to express different combinations of 4CL and CHS genes from different sources. The highest naringenin chalcone production (560.2 mg/L) was achieved by expressing FjTAL combined with 4CL from Arabidopsis thaliana (At4CL) and CHS from Cucurbita maxima (CmCHS). Finally, different CHIs were tested and validated, and 765.9 mg/L of naringenin was produced by expressing CHI from Medicago sativa (MsCHI) combined with the other previously chosen genes. To our knowledge, this titer corresponds to the highest de novo production of naringenin reported so far in E. coli. Key points: • Best enzyme and strain combination were selected for de novo naringenin production. • After genetic and operational optimizations, 765.9 mg/L of naringenin was produced. • This de novo production is the highest reported so far in E. coli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]