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Deciding the right classification algorithm to classify and predict the disease is more important in the health care field. The eminence of prediction depends on the accuracy of the dataset and the machine learning method used to classify the dataset. Predicting autism behaviors through laboratory or image tests is very time consuming and expensive. With the advancement of machine learning (ML), autism can be predicted in the early stage. The main objective of the paper is to analyze the three classifiers Naïve Bayes, J48 and IBk (k-NN). An Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnosis dataset with 21 attributes is obtained from the UCI machine learning repository. The attributes have experimented with the three classifiers using WEKA tool. 10-fold cross validation is used in all three classifiers. In the analysis, J48 shows the best accuracy compared with the other two classifiers. The architecture diagram is shown to depict the flow of the analysis. The Confusion matrix with other relevant results and figures are shown.

To investigate the impact of environmental contaminants on the early life stages of the marine polychaetae Hydroides elegans, a toxicity test was designed. In our previous study, we reported gametes and embryos of H. elegans were sensitive to heavy metal pollution and effluents. In continuation of this, we used H. elegans gametes to assess the water quality of samples taken along the southeast coast of India. The samples were collected from five different locations of the Chennai coast (Muttu Kadu, Neelangarai, Marina, Royapuram, and Ennore), and two different bioassay toxicity tests were performed. Sperm and eggs were pre-exposed to water samples taken from different locations to assess the water quality. Water samples collected from Ennore station and the Royapuram fish landing center were found to be more polluted than those collected from other locations. Sperm were shown to be more sensitive than eggs. The different morphological effects produced by water samples reflected the defects in the early differentiation of embryonic cells. Since fertilization can be inhibited in the presence of any xenobiotic, both fertilization and early development could be used as a biological indicator for a rapid bioassay to monitor marine pollution. The percentage of successful fertilization and early development was comparatively higher at the reference site (Neelangarai) and in the seawater samples collected from Marina. The physicochemical characteristics of the seawater from these sampling stations corroborated the findings of this investigation. Our results showed that H. elegans gametes were highly sensitive to any contaminant present in the seawater, and confirmed previous findings that this polychaetae can be routinely used as a test organism for ecotoxicological bioassays in tropical and subtropical regions.

Background: Histopathology is the most important means in diagnosis of salivary gland lesions. The objective of this study is, to study occurrence of salivary lesions during a period of one year from January 2019 to December 2019, to study age, sex and site distribution of various salivary gland lesions, to study histo-morphological aspect of these lesions.Methods: Surgically resected salivary gland specimens received at Department of Pathology, Government Stanley Medical College, Chennai were subjected to histopathological examination. Specimens were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, processed, embedded, sections cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain.Results: There were a total of 30 salivary gland specimens. Out of thirty, 25 were neoplastic and 5 were non-neoplastic. Pleomorphic adenoma was the commonest of all benign tumors. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common malignant tumor. Among the 21 benign tumors, 16 cases of pleomorphic adenoma and a case each of myoepithelioma, benign metastasising pleomorphic adenoma, basal cell adenoma, warthins tumor and schwannoma were found. Among the 4 malignant tumors, 2 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, a case of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma and a case of myoepithelial carcinoma were found. Among the 5 non neoplastic lesions a case each of chronic sialadenitis, Sjogren’s syndrome, inflammatory myofibroblastioc tumor, parotid abscess and lymphoepithelial cyst were found.Conclusions: The diagnosis of salivary gland lesions by histopathological examination is the most important method in diagnosis and differentiating benign and malignant lesions and to predict prognosis by typing, staging and grading of malignant neoplasms.

Background: Cholecystitis is one of the most common indications for abdominal surgery. Routine examination of gallbladder grossly and microscopically shows lot of interesting findings. This study aims to quantify the various outcomes of routine gallbladder examination following cholecystectomy procedure.Methods: All clinical details and data from case sheet and patient history are collected and analysed for all the patients who underwent cholecystectomy surgery in the Department of General Surgery, Govt. Omandurar Medical College, Chennai, from August 2017 to August 2018. The Study period of this study was from August 2017 to August 2018. Three sections each from neck, body and fundus taken. Tissues were processed in automated tissue processor and paraffin blocks made. Statistical analysis of the data was done.Results: Total number of specimens received were 36. And among the cases the number of females were 33 and the number of males were 3. The number of cases of calculous cholecystitis were 31 and the number of cases with pigment stones were 26, number of cases with cholesterol stone were 2 and the number of cases with mixed stones were 3. The number of cases of acalculous cholecystitis were 5. The number of cases of cholecystectomy by laproscopy were 30 whereas the number of cases of cholecystectomy by open procedure were 6. Chronic cholecystitis was seen in 34 cases and chronic cholecystitis with stones was seen in 29 cases and chronic cholecystitis without stones was seen in 5 cases and Acute on chronic cholecystitis with pigment stone was seen in 1 case and xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis with pigment stone was seen in 1 case.Conclusions: The risk factors for developing chronic cholecystitis was seen in female gender. The predominant histomorphological pattern seen in this study group is chronic calculous cholecystitis. And the predominant type of stone found in this study is pigment stone compared to mixed and cholesterol stone.