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The need for Electric Vehicles (EVs) has grown as a result of the issues brought on by fossil fuels. To keep up with the rising demand for electricity, the power source is equipped with additional renewable energy sources (RES). In order to meet the demand for energy, the solar photovoltaic (PV) system is deployed in this work. The novel contribution of this paper is the design and development of unique converter and regulating models to improve the overall power tracking performance, voltage gain, power quality, motor performance and efficiency of the PV-EV system. Here, a cutting-edge MPPT controlling model known as, Skill Optimized Power Tracker (SOPT) is developed in this work to maximize the quantity of electrical energy generated by solar panels in the context of changing temperature and irradiance. This work effectively increases PV output by adopting an innovative Ultra high gain converter, which increases voltage gain efficiency with less switching stress and power loss. In particular, this endeavor develops a unique Inimitable Elman Network based Fire Hawk Controller (IEFC) to improve the power quality and motor performance of EVs. Moreover, the simulation results of the proposed SOPT-IEFC controlling model and Ultra-high gain converter are validated through an array of performance measures including overall efficiency (99%), THD (1.05%), and motor speed (1200 rpm).

PurposeTo evaluate changes in health-related and vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) among patients with noninfectious uveitis who were treated with antimetabolites.DesignSecondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.ParticipantsPatients with noninfectious uveitis from India, the United States, Australia, Saudi Arabia, and Mexico.MethodsFrom 2013 through 2017, 216 participants were randomized to receive 25 mg weekly oral methotrexate or 1.5 g twice daily oral mycophenolate mofetil. Median changes in quality of life (QoL) were measured using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and differences between treatment groups were measured using linear mixed models, adjusting for baseline QoL score, age, gender, and site. Among Indian patients, VRQoL scores from a general scale (the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire [NEI-VFQ]) and a culturally specific scale (the Indian Visual Function Questionnaire [IND-VFQ]) were compared using Pearson correlation tests.Main outcome measuresVision-related QoL (NEI-VFQ and IND-VFQ) and health-related QoL (HRQoL; physical component score [PCS] and mental component score [MCS] of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Survey [SF-36v2]) were measured at baseline, the primary end point (6 months or treatment failure before 6 months), and the secondary end point (12 months or treatment failure between 6 and 12 months).ResultsAmong 193 participants who reached the primary end point, VRQoL increased from baseline by a median of 12.0 points (interquartile range [IQR], 1.0-26.1, NEI-VFQ scale), physical HRQoL increased by a median of 3.6 points (IQR, -1.4 to 14.9, PCS SF-36v2), and mental HRQoL increased by a median of 3.0 points (IQR, -3.7 to 11.9, MCS SF-36v2). These improvements in NEI-VFQ, SF-36v2 PCS, and SF-36v2 MCS scores all were significant (P < 0.01). The linear mixed models showed that QoL did not differ between treatment groups for each QoL assessment (NEI-VFQ, IND-VFQ, PCS SF-36v2, and MCS SF-36v2; P > 0.05 for all). The NEI-VFQ and IND-VFQ scores for Indian participants were correlated highly at baseline and the primary and secondary end points (correlation coefficients, 0.87, 0.80, and 0.90, respectively).ConclusionsAmong patients treated with methotrexate or mycophenolate mofetil for uveitis, VRQoL and HRQoL improved significantly over the course of 1 year and did not differ by treatment allocation. These findings suggest that antimetabolites could improve overall patient well-being and daily functioning.

In this paper, we introduce Spherical Fermatean Neutrosophic Topological Spaces (SFNTS), expanding on neutrosophic sets characterized by Degrees of Membership (DoM), Degrees of Indeterminacy (DoI) and Degrees of Non-Membership (DoN). Fermatean neutrosophic sets in a universe satisfy the conditions where the sum of the cubes of the DoM and DoN is between zero and one and the cube of the DoI is between zero and one. The DoM, DoI and DoN are represented accordingly. We define a Spherical Fermatean Neutrosophic Set (SFNS) as a set where each element consists of an element in the universe, along with its DoM, DoN, DoI and a radius. The DoM, DoN, DoI and the radius are functions mapping the universe to the interval from zero to one. We extend this to a topological framework by defining an SFNTS on a set. We also studied the properties of the SFN closure and SFN interior operators, provided numerical examples and presented a geometric representation of SFNTS. Additionally, we explored the separation of two SFNSs, the intersection of two SFNSs and the overlapping of two SFNSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]