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Aims: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for the detection of artificially induced vertical root fractures (VRFs) of different widths in vitro and in vivo., Methodology: Vertical root fractures were induced in 25 extracted nonendodontically treated single-rooted human teeth (maxillary first premolars, maxillary canines and mandibular incisors). Twenty teeth without VRFs served as a control group. CBCT scanning (3D Accuitomo 170) was performed in vitro and in vivo. For the in vivo scanning, teeth were autoclaved, embedded into bite plates, placed in sterile plastic bags and then inserted into the mouths of volunteers. Teeth with VRFs were sectioned into axial slices and examined using a stereomicroscope to measure the widths of the VRFs. Five observers assessed the presence of VRFs using axial CBCT. Values for sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and interexaminer agreement were calculated., Results: The accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of CBCT were significantly higher in vitro than in vivo for VRFs with widths 50-150 μm (P < 0.05). The sensitivity and accuracy of CBCT were significantly higher for the detection of VRFs with widths greater than 150 μm in vivo and in vitro (P < 0.05). The accuracy of CBCT in vivo was 0.29 and 0.8 for fracture widths ranging from 50 to 150 μm and wider than 150 μm, respectively. No significant differences in CBCT specificity were found between VRF widths both in vitro and in vivo. The interexaminer reliability of the raters revealed a kappa value of 0.72, demonstrating substantial agreement., Conclusion: The detectability of VRFs by CBCT in vitro and in vivo was dependent upon fracture width. The accuracy of CBCT in detecting VRFs of 50-300 μm width in vivo was significantly lower compared to the in vitro accuracy., (© 2015 International Endodontic Journal. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility and precision of vertical root fracture diagnostics by cone beam CT (CBCT). Vertical root fractures were simulated in 25 sound teeth extracted because of orthodontic and periodontal reasons and examined by CBCT. The roots were then sectioned in corresponding planes and fractures were assessed microscopically. CBCT sensitivity and precision was significantly higher for visualization of vertical fractures >150 µm when compares to fractures <50 µm with no difference in specificity. CBCT is an effective tool for vertical root fractures detection.

There are discussed possibilities of spiral computer tomography use in cases of defects and deformations of face bones and soft tissues elimination.

The paper describes the evolution and consequences of different modes of eliminating orbital bottom defects and deformities that develop in posttraumatic deformities due to bone fractures of the facial mid-skeleton. Spiral computed tomography of this portion of the facial skeleton has demonstrated that the optimum results of restoration of the orbital bottom and those of elimination of eyeball displacement give the use of osteoplasty with a split parietal bone graft.

The paper presents a procedure for spiral computed tomography that may be used if there are some difficulties in the diagnosis of impaction of different teeth. Examples art used to show the capacities of specified diagnosis in solving the problems and difficulties in surgical or orthodontic treatment.

The paper presents a procedure for examining patients with posttraumatic deformities of the middle and upper third of the facial skull on a spiral computed tomograph and the schemes for estimating the size of enophthalmos, which permit elimination of eyeball recession.

The paper deals with the diagnosis of some errors in endodontic treatment by spiral computed tomography.

The paper deals with the possibilities of using the data of X-ray studies--computed tomography and orthopantomography--in planning the surgical stage of implantation for preprosthetic correction of the upper denture. Examination of 23 patients has yielded the data showing what estimation of the size of an image obtained by the "Denta Scan" programme provides.

A method for simultaneous surgical treatment of various types of injuries of bone and soft-tissue structures of the zygomatico-naso-orbital area is presented. Special attention is paid to repair of posttraumatic eno- and hypophthalmos. A total of 42 patients were operated on by the proposed methods at Central Institute of Dentistry in 1998-2002. The injuries were diagnosed using computer-aided tomography of the facial skeleton. Bone tissue defects were repaired by free bone autotransplants of the parietal bone, ileac bone crest, tibial bone, autotransplants of the rib and auricular cartilage. Coronary, oral, subciliary accesses are recommended; endonasal access can be used if necessary. The complex approach presented in this report is recommended for repair of posttraumatic deformations and defects and for the treatment of fresh injuries of this location.