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Background: Individuals with gender dysphoria often face challenges, social discrimination, and difficulties in defining their own identity. The existing literature highlights the need for therapeutic interventions tailored to the unique psychological needs of this population. Unified group psychotherapy, which incorporates multiple therapeutic approaches, offers a promising solution to support individuals with gender dysphoria in exploring and affirming their identities and improving their positive self-concept and resilience. However, empirical research on the effectiveness of such interventions in addressing identity crises and improving self-concept in individuals with gender dysphoria is still limited. Aims: The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of unified group psychotherapy on identity crises and self-concept in individuals with gender dysphoria. Methods: The present research employed a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population comprised all individuals with gender dysphoria in Isfahan province in the year 2022. Thirty individuals were selected using convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups: experimental (n= 15) and control (n= 15). The research instruments used in this study were the Identity Crisis Questionnaire (Ahmadi, 1999) and the Self-Perception Profile (Harter & Pike, 1984). Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was employed to analyze the data using SPSS version 25. Results: The results indicated that in both the identity crisis and self-concept variables, the psychotherapy group in the posttest phase showed significantly lower means compared to the control group (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that with the assistance of unified group psychotherapy, variables such as identity crisis and self-concept in individuals with gender dysphoria can be influenced. This approach in this field can contribute valuable practical knowledge and experience to clinical practice and aid in improving therapeutic methods.

Extended Abstract Background: Wheat is the key crop in many parts of the world that has the largest cultivated area. As much as 30% of all grains produced in the country belong to wheat, which is known as the main food of half of the world's people. At the same time, environmental stresses, including biotic stresses, have been one of the most important factors in reducing wheat yield in recent years. Powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici) is one of the important diseases of wheat that causes great losses to wheat production every year. On the other hand, the resistance of resistant wheat genotypes is not constant over time, and the resistance of almost all resistance genes commonly used in the world has been broken by new pathogenic strains of powdery mildew. This is because research has shown that the high pressure imposed by resistance genes on disease-causing populations has caused the rapid evolution of new pathogenic races, resulting in the loss of resistance. For this reason, one of the most effective and logical methods of controlling this disease, which is most compatible with the environment and sustainable agriculture, is the identification and production of resistant cultivars. Methods: In the present study, 32 different bread wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) available in the Genetics Research Department and National Plant Gene Bank of Iran, Seedling and Seed Breeding Research Institute, exposed to 10 different pathotypes (Maghan 1, Maghan 2, Maghan 3, Maghan 4, Mughan 5, Gorgan 1, Gorgan 2, Sari 1, Sari 2, and Gonbad) of this mushroom were assessed for their resistance level in the two-leaf stage under greenhouse conditions. The investigated pathotypes of powdery mildew, collected from disease-prone areas of Iran, included five pathotypes from Mughan, two pathotypes from Gorgan, two pathotypes from Sari, and one pathotype from Gonbed Kavus. The disease isolates were propagated on the sensitive Bolani variety, which lacks the Pm gene. Genotypes were inoculated with single-cloned isolates by the rubbing method. One week after inoculation, the reaction of differential cultivars toward the disease was examined based on a scale of 0-4 according to the Mains and Dietz method. Based on this scale, pollution types zero, one, and two are in the resistant group, and pollution types three and four are in the sensitive group. In this research, the Bolani variety was determined as a sensitive control to powdery mildew disease. Results: Among the 10 powdery mildew pathotypes collected from important contamination centers in Iran, the examined genotypes showed the highest resistance to the Mughan5 pathotype. Genotypes TN127, TN79, TN7, TN180, and TN72 showed the highest resistance to 10 pathotypes on average. In total, the comparison of different powdery mildew pathotypes revealed that the Mughan5 and Sari1 pathotypes showed the lowest and the highest pathogenicity, respectively. In addition, the correlation between pathotypes was estimated to identify pathotypes with similar pathogenic power, indicating that the Mughan5 pathotype showed the lowest correlation with the other pathotypes, which probably uses a different mechanism for pathogenicity. Mughan2 presented the highest significant correlation, with Mughan3 (0.87) and Gorgan2 (0.81), which indicates the similarity of the pathogenic mechanism in these three pathotypes. On the other hand, the results of the cluster analysis divided the genotypes into two separate groups in terms of resistance to powdery mildew, and many of the investigated genotypes were included in the susceptible Bolani cultivar group. In addition, cluster analysis for powdery mildew pathotypes showed that the Mughan5 pathotype was in one group, and the rest of the pathotypes were in another group. Bi-plot and three-dimensional analyses based on the data analysis into principal components for the first and second components (87.95% of the total variance changes) showed that the Moghan 5 pathotype had a lower correlation with the other pathotypes. The negative side of the first component and the negative side of the second component showed the resistance of the genotypes. Thus, the resistant genotypes were placed in area 1. Conclusion: The genotypes examined in this research have not been evaluated so far for resistance to powdery mildew. Therefore, sources of resistance identified in this way are reported for the first time. In general, a potential variation was observed among the genotypes with respect to different pathotypes. In terms of pathogenicity, the Mughan5 pathotype showed the least pathogenicity among the examined genotypes. Resistant genotypes in this research can be used as promising genotypes in wheat breeding programs. Overall, the findings of this research indicate a desirable diversity among the genotypes studied in terms of resistance to various strains of the disease. However, since identifying the resistance of mature plants requires screening the genotypes under field conditions and takes a considerable amount of time, it is suggested to utilize molecular markers associated with resistance to powdery mildew in future research.

Background: Research has demonstrated the association between susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). On the other hand, the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) serves as a pivotal inhibitory receptor with a substantial impact on the advancement of viral infections. Besides, the disintegrin and metalloproteinase33 (ADAM33) gene is associated with both asthma and heightened airway responsiveness. Hence, this investigation sought to elucidate the potential association between the CTLA-4 rs5742909 and ADAM33 rs2280091 SNPs and the fatality rate of COVID-19 across various variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods: Both SNPs were genotyped with the PCR-RFLP assay in 1734 improved and 1450 deceased individuals. Results: Our obtained results revealed a significant association between the CTLA-4 rs5742909 C/T-T/T genotypes and increased mortality risk of COVID-19 in three different SARS-CoV-2 variants. The ADAM33 rs2280091 polymorphism demonstrated no significant association with COVID-19 mortality under various inheritance models. Nevertheless, subsequent adjustments for SARS-CoV-2 variants revealed a notable association between the GA genotype of ADAM33 rs2280091 and mortality rates specifically among individuals infected with the Delta variant. Conclusions: In summary, the prediction of COVID-19 severity could be facilitated through the utilization of the CTLA-4 rs5742909 marker. Conversely, in the case of ADAM33 rs2280091, such prognostication appears to be contingent upon the specific variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Background and Aim: The family environment is a small community and a place where a person begins his physical and mental development. The state of the family environment is directly related to the occurrence of dangerous situations and crimes in children. Ignoring this issue will increase the crime rate in children. Findings: Domestic violence against women has a very negative effect on the psyche of children. Various factors affect violence against women and cause women to lose their safe environment and peace of mind and cannot be as a mother. Give the necessary love and affection to the child. As a result, the child is deprived of maternal emotions and interferes with the development of the personality of such children. Reviewing the country's laws is one of the ways to eliminate domestic violence against women. Because violence against women is not a personal phenomenon but a social problem that causes the collapse of humanity and the destruction of families and the delinquency of children. Results: From a criminological point of view, the lack of necessary criminal protection for women victims has led to an increase in domestic violence against women.

The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of the therapeutic approach of adolescent-centered mindfulness (ACM) and integral deep listening (IDL) on the academic vitality of students with anxiety disorder. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test &follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all students with anxiety disorder in the first secondary school of the 6th education district of Isfahan in the academic year of 2022-2023. For this aim, 1400 students in Isfahan were screened using the multi-stage cluster random sampling method by implementing the anxiety questionnaire of Beck et al. Two experimental groups and one control group were replaced. Individuals in the experimental groups participated in parallel sessions of ACM and IDL, but there was no intervention for the control group. The measuring tool included Martin and Marsh's academic vitality questionnaire (2008). In data analysis, mixed analysis of variance test and Bonferroni correction test were used in SPSS-24. The results showed that both treatment methods, ACM and IDL, were effective on the academic vitality of students with anxiety disorders. Also, to compare the effectiveness of the two treatment approaches, ACM has a stronger effect on increasing academic vitality than other treatments for students with anxiety disorders and the effects of the intervention have remained constant over time. According to the results of the present research, it is possible to suggest the use of these two therapeutic approaches to counselors to increase the academic vitality of students with anxiety disorders.

Background: Brachial plexus block, particularly the supraclavicular approach. The choice of local anesthetic and the addition of adjuvants can significantly impact the quality and duration of the block. This study aimed to compare the effects of three different additives dexmedetomidine, dexamethasone, and sodium bicarbonate when combined with ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided supraclavicular blocks. Methods: A double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted with 103 patients undergoing upper limb orthopedic surgery. Patients were divided into four groups, and each group received one of the following combinations: ropivacaine with dexmedetomidine, ropivacaine with dexamethasone, ropivacaine with sodium bicarbonate, or ropivacaine alone (control). The onset and duration of motor and sensory blocks, complications, patient and surgeon satisfaction, and vital signs were assessed. Results: The study revealed that all additives, particularly dexmedetomidine, significantly influenced the onset and duration of motor and sensory blocks compared to the control group. Dexmedetomidine demonstrated the fastest onset and prolonged the block, while dexamethasone and sodium bicarbonate also had substantial effects. Importantly, the additives did not lead to an increase in complications, and patient and surgeon satisfaction remained consistent across all groups. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that dexmedetomidine is a promising adjuvant for enhancing the quality and duration of supraclavicular blocks.

The impact of task complexity on integrated writing performance is under-researched. This study purports to investigate the effect of graph complexity and planning time on graph writing performance as well as graph description strategies. Ninety-six EFL learners of English were assigned into three groups to examine the effect of three planning conditions, that is, pretask planning, within-task planning, and no planning. Moreover, graph complexity, operationalized as the number of visual chunks in a graph, was the within-subject variable. In general, there were some benefits of graph complexity for syntactic complexity and some planning benefits for fluency, accuracy, and lexical diversity. However, graph complexity had a negative impact on accuracy, and measures of lexical sophistication were not affected in any condition. On the graph description side, pretask planning and graph complexity had a positive impact on graph description strategies. The theoretical and pedagogical implications of these findings are discussed.

In this experiment the effect of the foliar applications of proline, yeast extract, and urea on thegrowth, yield, and quality characteristics of active substance of hyssop was investigated. This study was done in a split plot experimentalin randomized complete block design with three replications at the experimental field of Shahrekord University in 2017. The main plot was sole cropping of fenugreek, sole cropping of hyssop, and three intercropping ratios i.e. %50 fenugreek + %50 hyssop, %25 fenugreek + %75 hyssop, and %75fenugreek + %25 hyssop. The sub-plot was four levels foliar sprayings i.e. non-spraying or control and foliar sprayings of proline, yeast, and urea.The results showed that the intercropping and foliar sprayings of proline, yeast, and urea were significantly affected on some characteristics of hyssop such as plant height, number of lateral branches and the contents of chlorophyll a and b. The amount of land equivalent ratio (LER) in the intercropping was more than hyssop monoculture. In addition, LER under the foliar spraying of proline, yeast, and ureawas higher in comparison with non-foliar application.The pattern planting and foliar sprayings of proline, yeast, and urea had significant impacts on the proline content in the hyssop plants. Also, effect of monoculture of hyssop on essential oil content and yield of hyssop wassignificant; however, the foliar application of proline, yeast, and ureahad not influences on two these characteristics. In conclusion, the intercropping hyssop with legume (fenugreek) and the foliar sprayingsof proline, yeast, and urea can improve somegrowth parameters and active substance or the quantity and quality essential oilof hyssop.

The porous microenvironment of soil offers various environmental functions which are governed by physical and reactive processes. Understanding reactive transport processes in porous media is essential for many natural systems (soils, aquifers, aquatic sediments or subsurface reservoirs) or technological processes (water treatment or ceramic and fuel cell technologies). In particular, in the vadose zone of the terrestrial subsurface the spatially and temporally varying saturation of the aqueous and the gas phase leads to systems that involve complex flow and transport processes as well as reactive transformations of chemical compounds in the porous material. To describe these interacting processes and their dynamics at the pore scale requires a well-suited modelling framework accounting for the proper description of all relevant processes at a high spatial resolution. Here we present P3D-BRNS as a new open-source modelling toolbox harnessing the core libraries of OpenFOAM and coupled externally to the Biogeochemical Reaction Network Simulator (BRNS). The native OpenFOAM volume-of-fluid solver is extended to have an improved representation of the fluid–fluid interface. The solvers are further developed to couple the reaction module which can be tailored for a specific reactive transport simulation. P3D-RBNS is benchmarked against three different flow and reactive transport processes: (1) fluid–fluid configuration in a capillary corner, (2) mass transfer across the fluid–fluid interface and (3) microbial growth with a high degree of accuracy. Our model allows for simulation of the spatio-temporal distribution of all biochemical species in the porous structure (obtained from μ-CT images), for conditions that are commonly found in the laboratory and environmental systems. With our coupled computational model, we provide a reliable and efficient tool for simulating multiphase, reactive transport in porous media.

To communicate with other experts in a specific field as well as sharing knowledge in the academic world, researchers might need to publish their research articles (RAs) in high-impact factor journals. In addition, to increase the possibility of publishing their RAs in these journals, they should improve their writing skills. Many investigations have been conducted so far which have analyzed the move structure or the distribution of metadiscourse markers in different sections of RAs. But, to the best of our knowledge, no study has yet been conducted to investigate the analysis of both move structure and use of metadiscourse markers in RAs abstracts of applied linguistics. To bridge this gap, the present study employed the model of abstract moves in RAs and the model of metadiscourse markers as a framework to analyze 125 RA abstracts, which were extracted from five main journals. Regarding the move organizational features, presenting the research (PTR) and situating the research (STR) were identified as opening moves. Also, discussing the research (DTR), summarizing the findings (STF), and describing the methodology (DTM) were employed as closing moves. Furthermore, in terms of the distribution of metadiscourse markers in the collected abstracts, the findings showed the high frequency of transitions. In addition, the results demonstrated that applied linguistics authors are tentative and use more hedges in their abstracts, possibly to open space for opposite arguments of their claims. Finally, this study suggests pedagogical implications for novice authors in the field of applied linguistics.

Introduction: The presence of personal, occupational, and organizational stressors in retired workers can cause many psychological problems in the field of personal, family, and social functioning. Therefore, current research was conducted to compile a model of correlates of stress factors of retired workers. Materials and Methods: The current research was based on a systematic review and extracting the correlates of retired workers, stress based on the highest frequency of more than 60 studies, and preparing a list based on the most frequent variables of studies, which was used by the path analysis method. The statistical population included all retirees aged 45 to 70 working as members of retirement centers in Isfahan City in the winter of 1400, of which 203 out of 379 workers were selected through a convenient sampling method. To collect data, a set of questionnaires included HSE, organizational stressors, job satisfaction, participative leadership, hope, resilience, perception of organizational support, perception of organizational justice, life satisfaction, work-family conflict, adaptive performance, communication skills, and perception of job security were used. SPSS version 21 was used to analyze the research data. Results: results showed that the correlates of occupational stress included hope, resilience, perception of justice, perception of organizational support, life satisfaction, job satisfaction, work-family conflict, adaptive performance, organizational stressors, communication skills, participative leadership and perception of job security, which were among them, work-family conflict, organizational support and job security at the first level (P

Background and Objective: Adults with stuttering show a fear of communication. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction to that of acceptance and commitment therapy on social anxiety and its dimensions in adults with stuttering. Materials and Methods: This study was a semi-experimental type with a pretest-posttest and follow-up design. The statistical population included all stuttering adults aged 18 to 40 who were referred to speech therapy and psychology centers in Isfahan, Iran, in 2022 and 2023. The sample included 45 individuals, divided into two experimental groups and one control group. The subjects’ social anxiety was measured in three stages by administering the Connor social anxiety questionnaire. Results: The results showed that the experimental methods were effective on the dependent variables in the experimental groups compared to the control group. Regarding the effectiveness of the two experimental methods on physiological symptoms, there was no significant difference. On the other hand, mindfulness-based stress reduction had a more significant effect on fear, avoidance, and the total score of social anxiety compared to acceptance and commitment therapy (P

سابقه و هدف: بلوغ عاطفی به‌معنای توان رشدیافتۀ پیوند و عطف با دیگران بر اساس مبناهای الهی است که پیش­نیازی برای برقراری روابط مطلوب با همسر نیز است. در صورت فقدان این بلوغ در همسران، روابط زوجی دچار آسیب می­گردد. با عنایت به تأکید فراوان بر استفاده از الگو‌ها و ابزارهای مبتنی بر فرهنگ جهت آموزش و درمان مشکلات زوجی­ و نارضایتی زناشویی، هدف پژوهش حاضر طراحی و اعتبارسنجی مقیاس سنجش بلوغ ­عاطفی­ مربوط به روابط ­زوجی­ مبتنی بر منابع قرآنی و روایی بود. روش کار: روش این پژوهش کیفی-کمّی و از نوع آمیخته است. جامعۀ آماری شامل زنان و مردان متأهل شهر اصفهان بود که به‌روش نمونه­گیری دردسترس 300 نفر از آنان (150 زن و 150 مرد) انتخاب شدند و پرسش­نامۀ بلوغ­ عاطفی­ مربوط به روابط زوجی­ را تکمیل کردند. بررسی روایی پرسش­نامه از طریق ارزیابی روایی محتوایی، روایی صوری و همچنین روایی ملاک از نوع هم‌زمان و با استفاده از روش تحلیلی عامل اکتشافی و تأییدی و نیز همبستگی پیرسون بررسی شد. جهت تعیین پایایی پرسش­نامه از آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد. در این مطالعه همۀ موارد اخلاقی رعایت شده است و مؤلفان تضاد منافعی گزارش نکرده­اند. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان می‌دهد که روایی صوری و محتوایی پرسش­نامۀ بلوغ ­­عاطفی مربوط به روابط ­زوجی­ مبتنی بر منابع قرآنی و روایی قابل قبول است. نتایج تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و تأییدی هشت عامل با عناوین احسان، اکرام، اصلاح، مسئولیت­پذیری، هم‌کلامی، همفکری، همدلی و همراهی را تأیید نمود و تعداد نهایی ۵۱ سؤال مشخص شد. روایی هم‌زمان نیز تأیید شد. یافته­های پژوهش بیانگر این است که این پرسش­نامه روایی و اعتبار مناسب دارد و می‌توان از این ابزار جهت سنجش بلوغ ­عاطفی در روابط­­ زوجی­ استفاده نمود. محاسبۀ شاخص آلفای کرونباخ نیز بیانگر این است که مقیاس ساخته‌شده اعتبار بالایی دارد. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج حاصل از روایی و پایایی پرسش­نامۀ مذکور می­توان بیان کرد که این مقیاس ابزاری پایا و روا جهت بررسی بلوغ­ عاطفی­ در روابط ­زوجی­ مبتنی بر منابع قرآنی و روایی است و قابلیت اجرا و استفاده در زوجین ایرانی دارد.

Background and Objectives: Vitality and empathy are very important for the better functioning of preschool children. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of life skills training and affective capital training in buoyancy and empathy among 4-6-year-old children. Materials and Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest, posttest, and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population included preschool children in preschool centers in the winter of 2022 in Isfahan, Iran. Out of them, 45 preschool children were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and a control group (15 children for each group). The vitality (Buoyancy) scale of Bang et al. (2019) and the empathy questionnaire of Davis (1980) were used to assess dependent variables in three stages. The two training groups were each trained for ten 45-minute sessions, and the control group did not receive any training. The data were analyzed using an analysis of covariance and post hoc Bonferroni test. Results: The results pointed out that there was a significant difference between life skills training and affective capital training with the control group in vitality (P0.05). In empathy, only there was a significant difference between affective capital training and the control group (P

Research on integrated writing tasks is increasing, while there is a paucity of empirical findings on graph-based writing, as one type of these tasks. The present study purports to examine the contribution of L2 writing anxiety to university students' graph writing performance and the strategies they employ for these tasks. The participants of this study were 209 undergraduate university students who wrote an essay on a graph-based prompt and completed two questionnaires measuring writing anxiety and the use of graph writing strategies. The results of structural equation modelling (SEM) indicated that writing anxiety negatively predicted graph writing strategy use and performance. Besides, graph comprehension, graph interpretation, and graph translation, as the latent variables of graph writing strategy use, were found to be positive predictors of graph writing performance. Pedagogical implications with regard to improving performance on graph-based prompts are offered.

IntroductionFrom a social psychology perspective, a citizen, who possesses awareness of their own rights and the rights of society, understands themselves as a member of society, and comprehends the broader societal objectives, has a responsibility to fulfill their obligations towards that society. In the 21st century, citizenship encompasses not only knowledge of one's rights but also the willingness to act independently, ensuring that decisions and behavior consistently reflect moral considerations, social justice, and human dignity. Citizenship encompasses various dimensions, including political, civil, social, environmental, and sustainability. Additionally, the expansion of virtual spaces and media has given rise to new dimensions known as media and digital citizenship within the realm of modern citizenship. An important aspect to consider after discussing the comprehensive dimensions of modern citizenship is that, despite the increasing focus of scientific societies on citizenship education in recent years, it remains challenging to assess the impact of citizenship education without a suitable and comprehensive measurement tool, particularly for Iranian society. A review of available tools from outside of Iran reveals that each tool only addresses a specific aspect of citizenship behaviors. Most of these tools prioritize dimensions, such as attitude, thinking, and knowledge, often neglecting the behavioral dimension. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to construct and validate a citizenship behavior questionnaire that could encompass inclusive and comprehensive dimensions for students. By implementing this validated tool before and after educational interventions, it could be utilized to evaluate citizenship across various domains and assess the effectiveness of educational interventions. Materials & MethodsTo develop a questionnaire for measuring citizenship behaviors across political, civil, social, environmental, sustainable development, media, and digital dimensions, relevant items were selected from the most suitable existing questionnaires in this field. A comprehensive set of questions was created for each dimension and duplicate items were eliminated. Attitude items were modified to measure behavior and supplementary questions were combined. The resulting questionnaire consisted of 106 items, which were then reviewed by 5 experts in the field to assess content and form validity.The target population for this research comprised students from Isfahan universities during the first half of the academic year 2022-2023. Multi-stage cluster sampling was employed to select the participants. A total of 579 individuals completed the questionnaire, but 22 incomplete responses were excluded from the analysis. Therefore, 557 questionnaires were considered complete and suitable for analysis. A scoring system was established, where a score of 1 represented "never" and a score of 4 represented "always," except for items 30 and 85, which were reverse-scored. Discussion of Results & ConclusionThe majority of participants in this study were female students, who were single, with an average age of 22.99 years. Following the criterion of factor load in the revision process, several items were removed from the questionnaire. Specifically, Question 3 from the political section, Question 8 from the civil section, Question 30 from the social section, and Questions 51 and 65 from the environment and sustainable development section were eliminated. Additionally, Item 94 from the media section and Items 71, 80, and 85 from the digital section were removed. In the subsequent step, Item 86 was also excluded.Exploratory factor analysis was then conducted using the Varimax rotation method. The analysis results obtained through Amos software, version 24, indicated the suitability of the questionnaire (CMIN=1035.408, df=318, P=0.000, IFI=0.910, CFI=0.909, TLI=0.886, RMSEA=0.064, and PCLOSE=0.011). The reliability of the questionnaire and its respective dimensions was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, a measure of internal consistency and reliability. The overall Cronbach's alpha for the political dimension was 0.603 with values ranging from 0.567 to 0.654 for its individual dimensions. The civil dimension had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.760, while the social dimension had an overall alpha of 0.862 with values ranging from 0.436 to 0.807 for its dimensions. The environment and sustainable development dimension had an overall alpha of 0.887 with values ranging from 0.505 to 0.796 for its dimensions. The media dimension had an overall alpha of 0.714 with values ranging from 0.385 to 0.615 for its dimensions. Lastly, the digital dimension had an overall alpha of 0.853 with values ranging from 0.699 to 0.806 for its dimensions. To assess convergent validity, 4 questionnaires were administered simultaneously, yielding favorable correlation results. This research aimed to develop and preliminarily validate a comprehensive citizenship questionnaire for students. Based on the results of this questionnaire, which consisted of 6 sections, the dimensions of political citizenship included 6 questions related to participation and persuasion. The civil citizenship section comprised 7 questions. The social citizenship section encompassed 28 questions across 7 dimensions, including dealing with others, considering others, dealing with differences, expressing opinions, compatibility, responsible communication, and critical participation. The environmental citizenship and sustainable development section consisted of 18 questions across 4 dimensions, covering topics, such as purchase and consumption, maintenance, education, and attention to nutrition. The media citizenship section included 13 questions across 3 dimensions, focusing on awareness of representation and its impact on the audience, critical evaluation, and awareness for participation. Lastly, the digital citizenship section comprised 23 questions across 4 dimensions, including ethics and responsibilities, online participation, digital literacy, and learning.It is hoped that with the utilization of this constructed and introduced questionnaire, it will be possible to assess the state of citizenship behavior and ensure the effectiveness of education in this domain.

The present study aimed to design a native happiness training package and examining the its effectiveness on grit, hope, resilience, self-control and academic procrastination in 10th and 11th grades high school students. The research method was mixed method, which used theme analysis in the qualitative part, and in the quantitative part, it was carried out as a semi-experimental pre-test - post-test - follow-up design with a control group. In the design and compilation of the training package, the positive and Islamic psychology texts were analyzed using the Attride-Stirling's theme analysis method. Then, based on the extracted themes, an educational package was compiled and validated by implementing it on 4 people as a group of evaluators. In order to investigate the effectiveness of training package on grit, hope, resilience, self-control and academic procrastination, 30 students of the 10th and 11th grades were randomly selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 students in each group). The experimental group was trained for twelve 90-minute sessions. To collect data, the Oxford Happiness Survey, Duckworth et al.'s Grit Scale, Miller Hope Scale (MHS), Connor and Davidson Resilience Questionnaire, Schneider's Self-Control Questionnaire, and Solomon and Ruth Bloom's Academic Procrastination Scale were used. Hypotheses were investigated using the repeated measures and covariance analysis. The results indicated that the happiness training package increased grit, hope, resilience and self-control and reduced the academic procrastination significantly and the effectiveness of the intervention was maintained until the follow-up period. Overall, the findings support the effectiveness of the happiness training package on motivational and emotional variables in high school students.

Studying individual trees is a common way that scientists employ to study forests and estimate forest parameters. In this study, a graph-based approach was developed for detecting individual trees in a broadleaf, complex forest region based on UAV-derived point cloud data. Horizontal cross-sections at different heights were applied to the Canopy Height Model (CHM) to extract initial candidates for graph nodes. The graph was processed in multiple steps, and individual treetop locations were detected based on graph nodes’ properties. The impact of various parameters, such as minimum area of connected components and minimum tree heights, on the performance of the developed method was investigated. The evaluation step demonstrated the potential of the proposed graph-based method for individual tree detection in a complex forest region in Mazandaran, Iran. In particular, the graph-based method obtained Precision, Recall, and F1-score values of 0.64, 0.73, and 0.68, respectively. Furthermore, the intercomparison with the well-known and most used Local Maximum (LM) suggested the applicability of the proposed method. After point cloud generation, the proposed method was implemented entirely in Python using open-source packages, which increases its applicability for other scholars and managers. The source code of the proposed algorithm can be found at https://github.com/Seyed-Ali-Ahmadi/Graph-based_ITCD.

Abstract Background COVID-19 is a very harmful pandemic, and its recovery process is highly influenced by nutritional status; however, an appropriate nutritional scale has not yet been proposed for these patients. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the modified Nutrition Risk in the Critically ill (mNUTRIC) score in critically ill patients affected by COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Material and methods This was a cross-sectional study performed on 204 critically ill patients affected by COVID-19 admitted to the ICU wards. Evaluated indicators include the mNUTRIC Score as well as demographic, and biochemical indicators. Results A high percentage of COVID-19 patients (67.2%) had severe disease. Hospital and ICU stay (p > 0.001) and PH (p > 0.001) values were significantly lower in non-survivors than in survivors. mNUTRIC score (p > 0.001), PCO2 (p = 0.003), and CRP levels (p = 0.021) were significantly higher in non-survivors than survivors. mNUTRIC score had a direct correlation with age (p > 0.001), AST (p = 0.000), LDH (p = 0.026), and CRP (p = 0.014) and an inverse correlation with hospital duration (p = 0.031), albumin (p = 0.003) and PH (p