Search

The world is changing rapidly, mainly due to the impact of megatrends that have an impact on the entire human life, particularly in medical sciences. Medical research methodologies such as cohort studies provide very critical information, but it is not clear what would be its destination in the future. In this short article, we have tried to offer a somewhat different perspective on the future of cohort studies by analyzing the texts and their conclusions from the author's viewpoint. According to our assessment, cohorts will play a key role in medical research, but their methodology will significantly change in terms of designing, implementing, analysing, and applying the findings. The new generation of cohort study extracts most of their information from electronic health records, and it is not just restricted to a particular geographic area. With the changes in the levels of occupational exposure, risk factors, and the introduction of Omics, likely, occupational and birth cohorts as well as human diseases will likely undergo fundamental changes in the future. Big data will provide researchers with new opportunities, but information extraction and analysis require a team of specialists from several scientific fields. Furthermore, participants are likely to play a more active role in setting priorities and implementing research findings., (Copyright© 2024 Moameri et al. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences.)

Objective: To determine 1) the indexes/indicators used for evaluating the "strengthening community actions" mechanism of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion and 2) to extract the characteristics and key components of the indexes/indicators using a scoping review. Data Source :In May 2020, the search was conducted across three databases: Medline (via PubMed), Embase, and Scopus. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria : All primary studies relating to development, identification, and measurement of health promotion indices/indicators associated to the "strengthening community actions" were included. The review articles were excluded., Data Extraction: The data were extracted to a data-charting form that was developed by the research team. Two authors reviewed the extracted data., Data Synthesis: To summarize and report the data, a descriptive numerical analysis and a narrative descriptive synthesizing approach were used., Results: In total, 93 study articles were included. A majority of studies (82%) were conducted in developed countries. Different types of recognized indices were categorized into seven groups: social cohesion (n = 3), community capacity (n = 1), community participation (n = 7), social capital (n = 6), social network (n = 3), social support (n = 1), and others (n = 5)., Conclusions: Having a collection of "strengthening community actions" indices/indicators in hand, health policymakers and health promotion specialists might be able to do their best in considering, selecting, and applying the most appropriate indices/indicators while evaluating community health promotion interventions in different settings.

Background: Ovarian angiogenesis (OA) remains in lifetime and normal ovarian function depends to this continual remodeling of a complex vascular system. Endometrial thickness (ET) is one of the strongest predictors of successful implantation and pregnancy. Appropriate OA effects on ET by facilitating of ovarian hormone delivery., Materials and Methods: Thirty adult female mice and twenty adult male mice were purchased. The female mice were divided into three groups: (1) control group without any intervention ( n = 10), (2) gonadotropin group: receiving human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) and human chorionic gonadotropin ( n = 10), and (3) gonadotropin and sildenafil citrate (SC) group: receiving HMG and SC administration ( n = 10). After mating, animals were deeply anesthetized, and the ovary and uterus was rapidly removed for histology and immunohistochemistry process., Results: Four days after ovarian induction, all three layers of the uterus with specified thickness can be clearly seen. The heights of endometrial epithelial cells in gonadotropin group were not significantly different than those in control group. In gonadotropin and SC group, heights of the cells were significantly ( P < 0.05) shorter than control and gonadotropin groups. ETs in all groups were not significantly deferent from each other ( P > 0.05 each). Our results of immunohistochemistry survey for ovarian CD31 demonstrated that administrated SC increased OA but not significantly ( P > 0.05 each)., Conclusion: It may finally conclude that administration of SC does not cause notable alterations in OA and ET; although for realistic decision about the SC effects on aforementioned parameters, more molecular investigations and longer drug consumption period are necessary., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.