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An abstract of the article "Pancreas Cytology Evaluation Of 306 Cases (8 Years Of Experience)," by Sultan Rana Ramazanoglu, Nesrin Uygun, Canser Cakalir, Haydar Durak, Suha Goksel, Gulen Dogusoy, Sibel Erdamar, Murat Cantasdemir, Hakan Senturk, Salih Pekmezci and Vedat Durgun is presented.

The aim of study was to evaluate the prognostic role of MSI status and PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer and the relationship of these parameters with clinicopathological features. Eighty-six gastric cancer patients who underwent surgical resection were analysed. MSI status and PD-L1 expression in tumour samples were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). PD-L1 IHC was scored using the combined positive score (CPS). Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method. The rate of PD-L1 expression in tumour cells was 34.9% (n= 30), and the frequency of PD-L1 expression in immune cells with a CPS ≥ 1% was 57% (n= 49). MSI-high (MSI-H) was detected in 11.6% (n= 10) of cases and was more common among PD-L1-positive cases (p= 0.021). MSI-H status was significantly correlated with older age, larger tumours, positive PD-L1 expression, and the adenocarcinoma subtype. PD-L1 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis, the adenocarcinoma subtype, MSI, preoperative treatment and an improved response to preoperative chemotherapy. In our study, the impact of MSI status on survival was not demonstrated, but positive PD-L1 expression (≥ 1%) in tumour cells (15.7 vs. 53.4 months. p= 0.008)and in immune cells (20.4 vs. not reached (NR); p= 0.027) was associated with decreased overall survival. PD-L1 expression is related to a poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Laparoscopic rectal resection with total mesorectal excision is a technically challenging procedure, and there are limitations in conventional laparoscopy. A surgical robotic system may help to overcome some of the limitations. The aim of our study was to compare long-term oncological outcomes of robotic and laparoscopic sphincter-saving total mesorectal excision in male patients with mid-low rectal cancer., Materials and Methods: The study was conducted as a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database. One-hundred-three robotic and 84 laparoscopic sphincter-saving total mesorectal excisions were performed by a single surgeon between January 2011 and January 2020. Patient characteristics, perioperative recovery, postoperative complications, pathology results, and oncological outcomes were compared between the two groups., Results: The patients' characteristics did not differ significantly between the two groups. Median operating time was longer in the robotic than in the laparoscopic group (180 minutes versus 140 minutes, p=0.033). Macroscopic grading of the specimen in the robotic group was complete in 96 (93.20%), near complete in four (3.88%) and incomplete in three (2.91%) patients. In the laparoscopic group, grading was complete in 37 (44.04%), near complete in 40 (47.61%) and incomplete in seven (8.33%) patients (p=0.03). The median length of follow up was 48 (9-102) months in the robotic, and 75.6 (11-113) months in the laparoscopic group. Overall, five-year survival was 87% in the robotic and 85.3% in the laparoscopic groups. Local recurrence rates were 3.8% and 7.14%, respectively, in the robotic and laparoscopic groups (p<0.05)., Conclusion: Sphincter-saving robotic total mesorectal excision is a safe and feasible tool, which provides good mesorectal integrity and better local control in male patients with mid-low rectal cancer.

Aim: In this study we aim to determine the frequency of Inlet Patch (IP) and its association to clinical symptoms and draw attention to be aware of this heterotopic gastric mucosa., Methods: This study was a prospective case series that IP was detected in the upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Patients with laringopharyngeal reflux symptoms underwent endoscopy between March 2009 and July 2012 in two different institutions. All the biopsies were obtained from if there is the IP lesion and antral or/and gastric mucosa. The data was prospectively evaluated. The prevalence was compared with those of patients that did not determine IP in the study period., Results: 3907 upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy was performed while 123 patients consist of 51 male and 72 female was determined as IP. The prevalence of IP in patiens who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was 3.14% in our study. The majority of symptoms of those who had IP were laringopharyngeal reflux symptoms. Heterotopic gastric mucosa was fixed in 114 cases while 28 chronic inflammation, 9 esophagitis, 5 intestinal metaplasia, 4 glicogenic acanthosis were obtained as additional findings in pathological examinations., Conclusion: Heterotopic gastric mucosa in the proximal esophagus is a frequent finding if the endoscopist is aware of this entity. The importance of IP is the increasing number of cases of neoplastic transformation. Symptomatic patients should be treated and should be considered of the complications of heterotopic gastric mucosa.

Aim: To assess the incidence of MLH1 (the human MutL homologue) and MSH2 (the human MutS homologue) protein expression in Turkish patients with sporadic colorectal cancers and to compare their survival and clinicopathological features., Methods: We validated the tissue microarray technology in 77 colorectal carcinomas by analyzing the immunohistochemical expression of proteins involved in two main pathways of colorectal carcinogenesis: p53 protein for loss of heterozygosity tumors; MLH1 and MSH2 proteins for microsatellite instability (MSI)., Results: Our analysis showed that 29 (39.2%) had loss of MLH1 expression, 5 (6.8%) had loss of MSH2 expression and 2 cases had loss of expression of both proteins. We found that 60% of MSH2-negative tumors were located in the right side of the colon; all MSH2-negative cases were women. In addition, the loss of MSH2 expression was correlated with low p53 expression. Neither MLH1 nor MSH2 expressions were associated with prognosis, although there seemed a tendency of longer survival (71.7 +/- 8.65 mo vs 47.08 +/- 5.26 mo) for the patients with MLH1-negative versus MLH1-positive carcinomas. There were not significant differences in overall and recurrence-free survival among MLH1/MSH2-positive and -negative cases., Conclusion: Our data supports that Turkish patients with MLH1- and MSH2-defective tumors have some distinct features from each other. Although prognostic importance remains controversial, immunohistochemical analysis of mismatch repair genes may be used as a routine histopathological examination of sporadic colorectal carcinomas.