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BackgroundAir pollution is one of the biggest problems in societies today. The intensity of indoor and outdoor air pollutants and the urbanization rate can cause or trigger many different diseases, especially lung cancer. In this context, this study's aim is to reveal the effects of the indoor and outdoor air pollutants, and urbanization rate on the lung cancer cases.MethodsPanel data analysis method is applied in this study. The research includes the period between 1990 and 2019 as a time series and the data type of the variables is annual. The dependent variable in the research model is lung cancer cases per 100,000 people. The independent variables are the level of outdoor air pollution, air pollution level indoor environment and urbanization rate of countries.ResultsIn the modeling developed for the developed country group, it is seen that the variable with the highest level of effect on lung cancer is the outdoor air pollution level.ConclusionsIn parallel with the development of countries, it has been determined that the increase in industrial production wastes, in other words, worsening the air quality, may potentially cause an increase in lung cancer cases. Indoor air quality is also essential for human health; negative changes in this variable may negatively impact individuals' health, especially lung cancer.

Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the operation results of patients who were followed up due to breast cancer and were operated on due to gynecological pathologies or for prophylactic purposes, and determine the distribution of gynecological pathologies in breast cancer patients Study design: Patients with breast cancer who had gynecological surgery in our institution between December 2015 and January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed in this cross-sectional study. The pathological reports and medical records of the included patients were obtained from the gynecologic oncology electronic database system and the patient files. The study is approved by the institution’s local ethics committee. Results: Totally 57 patients with a history of breast cancer had gynecological operations between December 2015 and January 2023. The median age of the patients was 49. Benign pathologies were detected in the majority of patients with a history of breast cancer, this rate was found to be 87.7%. The pathology revealed malignant/premalignant disease in seven (12.2%) patients. Among these seven patients, four patients had malignant disease one patient had microinvasive cervical cancer, one patient had ovarian serous cancer, one patient had cervical and ovarian metastasis of breast cancer, and one patient had ovarian metastasis of breast cancer. Conclusions: Patients with a history of breast cancer have increased rates of gynecological pathology development compared to the normal population.

Following the Global Settlement, analysts extensively use a top pick designation allowing for greater granularity of information among buy recommended stocks, but conflicts of interest can potentially influence this designation. Examining a novel sample of top picks, we find that a calendar-time portfolio of top picks generates an abnormal performance of 17.6% per year. Top picks have greater investment value than do buy recommendations and alternative analyst investment strategies. Both institutional and retail investors trade in response to top picks. However, only institutional investors appear to identify top picks that have greater investment value when they are announced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim: Improper positioning of the patient reduces the diagnostic quality of panoramic radiographs. It is important to perfect the panoramic patient positioning technique to avoid unnecessary repeat exposures especially in pediatric patients. In this study, pediatric patient sample of records collected from an oral and dental health center were analyzed to determine the relative incidence of positioning errors of panoramic radiographs. Material and Methods: 3788 (1928 girls, 1860 boys) digital panoramic radiographs obtained from the stored data in the system were selected randomly. The radiographs were evaluated by two radiology specialists, by recording separately. The positioning errors of the images were categorized into ten groups: the chin tipped high, chin tipped low, a slumped position, the patient positioned forward, the patient positioned backward, failure to position the tongue against the palate, patient movement during exposure, the head tilted, and the head turned to one side. The results were statistically analyzed for positioning errors according to age and gender. Results: In 3788 radiographs, 2138 (56.4%) were error-free and 1650 (43.6%) were present with positioning errors. In the improper images, a single positional error was present in 1379 (83.6%); two positional errors were present in 248 (15%) and three or more positional errors in 23 (1.4%). The most common error observed was the tongue not being in contact with the hard palate (32.1%). On the other hand, the least common experienced error was patient movement during exposure (2.0%). Conclusions: The positioning errors of panoramic radiographs were common in the sample group of this study. Careful patient positioning can play a significant role in improving the radiographic quality and reducing the number of retakes.

Combining novel data on analyst employment history and mutual fund commission payments, we show that client funds generate higher returns on stocks for which they have access to research by industry expert analysts. The outperformance is greater when funds are more important clients and cannot be attributed to tipping. Client funds place modestly higher weights on stocks covered by industry expert analysts and allocate more commissions to brokers providing such coverage. For identification, we exploit exogenous analyst coverage disruptions. Our findings contribute to the debate on whether mutual funds obtain any investment value from access to analysts through the soft-dollar arrangement. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix , which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to investigate the factors related to post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety mental disorders, as well as the quality of life of Syrian refugees and to examine the relationships between mental health disorders and the quality of life of Syrian refugees. Data were collected via face‐to‐face surveys with 613 adult Syrian refugees in an urban setting. Brislin's methodology was used for translating scale items, involving initial translation, back‐translation and review by another professional translator. The study utilised the PTSD Scale, Beck Anxiety Scale, Depression Scale and Quality of Life Scale (QOLS). Descriptive, correlational and multivariate regression analysis were applied. Findings of correlational analysis indicate that PTSD levels among Syrian refugees are significantly related to gender, income level and employment. Depression levels are significantly associated with trauma history, healthcare service use, marital status and employment. Anxiety levels are significantly related to gender, trauma history, healthcare service use, employment and income. According to the findings of the regression analyses, the relationships between depression, quality of life and PTSD are complex. Meanwhile, anxiety decreases quality of life and increases PTSD. Quality of life moderates the relationship between depression and PTSD, as well as between anxiety and PTSD. The study concludes that the mental disorder levels of Syrian refugees, in terms of PTSD, depression and anxiety, are linked to their socio‐demographic characteristics. These results highlight the importance of social, economic and cultural factors, healthcare and social services and the socio‐demographic characteristics of the region where refugees have settled after displacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Mammary augmentation is among the most popular types of cosmetic procedures and mammary prosthesis the most commonly accepted technique. A mammary prosthesis can be placed on transaxillary, periareolar, submammary incisions in subglandular, subpectoral, subfascial planes or in a combination of planes. Given the potential interaction between the prosthesis and the surrounding tissues, the plane in which the prosthesis is implanted has an important role among the factors affecting this interaction. The plastic surgeon decides on the incision and plane to be used by assessing the advantages and disadvantages. Materials and Methods: Prostheses were implanted in the subfascial plane in 47 patients who underwent augmentation mammaplasty. Round Moderate Plus or High Profile Cohesive II™ Gel implants were used. Device volumes ranged from 275 to 600 cc. Of the 47 procedures, 23 were performed over an axillary incision, 20 over an inframammary incision, and 4 over a periareolar incision. Endoscopic-assisted dissection was performed in all of the 23 cases in which transaxillary incision was used. Results: All 47 patients who underwent subfascial prosthesis implantation were followed up for a mean of 5 years (range: 2–7 years). Long-term results were satisfactory with few complications. The overall patient satisfaction rate was 89.3%, and none of the patients required an implant removal or change. None of the patients complained of severe pain, regardless of the type of incision, and resumed their daily activities on postoperative day 2. Conclusion: The subfascial augmentation technique provides good and long-term results. It requires longer operating times and is a more difficult technique compared to other planes. As the choice of incision does not largely affect the overall result, the position of the scar depends on the patient's preference, the properties of the implant, and the experience of the surgeon. The endoscopic assistance should be preferred when using the transaxillary approach.

Objective: Enamel remineralizing effects of theobromine have received much attention from the clinicians. The aim of this study was to investigate the caries preventive effect of theobromine containing toothpaste on children with early childhood caries (ECC). Materials & Methods: Salivary pH, buffering capacity and frequency of Streptococcus mutans (SM) levels were measured. Each child was assigned either fluoridated or theobromine containing toothpaste. The changes were analyzed using Laser Fluorescence system. Statistical analyses were performed. Results: We included 13 children (mean age 4.25) with 145 teeth in the fluoridated toothpaste (Colgate Kids toothpaste) group; 13 children (mean age 4.46) with 115 teeth in theobromine containing toothpaste (Theodent TM Kids toothpaste) group. Both toothpastes demonstrated enamel remineralization and were effective in increasing the buffering capacity and pH (p < 0.05). A statistically significant decrease in S. mutans levels was found in both toothpaste groups (p

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the respiratory function and respiratory muscle strength in Hashimoto's disease. Material and methods: Thirty-two patients newly diagnosed with Hashimoto’s disease between January 2017 and July 2017 were included in this study. Pulmonary function tests were also performed. FEV1 / FVC, FEV1%, FEV1 (1/sec), FVC (%), FVC (1), DLCO, DLCO/VA, maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) values were examined. Results: The mean age of the hypothyroid group was 43 (36-45), and the euthyroid group was 40 (35-46) years. The DLCO/VA level [86.00 (79.00-99.00)] in the hypothyroid group was significantly lower than the euthyroid group [99.00 (95.00-115.00)] (p: 0.007). MIP level in the hypothyroid group [75.00 (69.00-79.00)] was significantly lower than the euthyroid group [99.00 (83.00-112.00)] (p: 0.008). A negative correlation was found between TSH and DLCO, DLCO/VA and MIP (r: -0.376, p: 0.034; r: -0.499, p: 0.004 and r: -0.378, p: 0.033). A positive correlation was found between T4 and DLCO and DLCO/VA (r: 0.390, p: 0.027 and r: 0.351, p: 0.049, respectively). Conclusion: In light of the data obtained in this study, the findings suggest that hypothyroidism affects respiratory muscle strength, and this weakness is associated with thyroid hormone levels

We report the case of a histologically confirmed primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (PCMZL), which was treated by surgical excision. PCMZL is the second-most common type of primary cutaneous lymphoma, including cells of the marginal zone, lymphoplasmacytic cells, and plasma cells. Treatment options include surgery, radiotherapy, topical therapy, corticosteroids, chemotherapy, rituximab, and antibiotics. After treatment, local recurrence may occur but metastasis is extremely rare. Tumor prognosis shows an indolent course with a 5-year disease-free survival rate approaching 97%–99%. We present the case of a woman aged 69 who was diagnosed with PCMZL for a pruritic, erythematous lesion with an undefined border on the upper left leg.

Scleroderma is an autoimmune disorder characterized by hardening of the skin on the hands, arms, and face. Immunosuppressors, vasodilators, and physiotherapy are among the treatments for scleroderma. Although these treatments can improve quality of life, the treatment response in locally affected areas may be poor. At present, there is no specific treatment for localized fibrotic skin lesions in scleroderma, although stem cell treatment shows promise for local symptoms. We describe the case of a patient with facial skin symptoms of scleroderma treated with platelet-rich plasma combined with fat grafts rich in stem cells.

Introduction: Hemangiomas and vascular malformations are common vascular lesions. Although various methods have been described in the treatment of vascular lesions, the place of lasers is very important. Today, dye laser and Nd: YAG lasers are most commonly used in the laser treatment of vascular lesions. Materials and Methods: A total of 137 patients treated with 585–600 nm flashlamp pulsed dye laser and 1064-nm long-pulsed Nd: YAG laser in three laser units were searched, and laser setups and the number of sessions used were evaluated. Evaluations were made by three plastic surgeons over photographs. According to the discoloration and decrease in height of the lesion, it was classified as 0%–25% (poor), 25–50 (average), 50–75 (good), and 75–100 (excellent). The age of the patients ranged from 2 months to 55 years. 53 port-wine stain, 18 telangiectasia, 8 cherry angioma, 12 spider angioma, 18 hemangioma, 8 venous lake, 11 intraoral hemangioma, and 9 other vascular lesions constituted the distribution of diagnoses between patients. Laser power used in dye laser treatments ranged between 7 and 19 J/cm2, the mean sequence was 6.4, and duration ranged between 1.5 and 20 msec. Nd:YAG l laser power ranged between 120 and 240 J/cm2, the mean sequence was 2.8, and duration ranged between 10 and 50 msec. Results: Seventy patients (51.1%) achieved excellent results, 32 patients (23.36%) achieved good results, 14 patients (10.21%) achieved average clearance, and 21 patients (15.33%) showed low or no removal of their lesion. High success was achieved with minimal complications. Conclusion: Today, dye laser and Nd: YAG lasers provide a satisfactory aesthetic result, low morbidity, and effective treatment for many vascular lesions in terms of patient comfort. In order to optimize results and reduce negative effects, it is necessary to master the properties of the laser and have sufficient knowledge of the interactions of the laser with tissue.

Washington policy research analysts (WAs) monitor political developments and produce research to interpret the impact of these events. We find institutional clients channel more commissions to brokerages providing policy research and commission-allocating institutional clients generate superior returns on their politically sensitive trades. We find that WA policy research reports are associated with significant price and volume reactions. Finally, we find sell-side analysts with access to WA issue superior stock recommendations on politically sensitive stocks. These effects are particularly acute during periods of high political uncertainty. Overall, we uncover a unique and an important conduit through which political information filters into asset prices. This paper was accepted by David Sraer, finance. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4919. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subacute thyroiditis(SAT) is an acute inflammatory, self-limited, and destructive disease of the thyroid gland. Although it is a temporary disease, it has permanent consequences. We aim to investigate the influences of the treatment choice on permanent hypothyroidism occurring after SAT and whether there are predictive factors for the development of permanent hypothyroidism. We retrospectively investigated 57 SAT patients admitted to our tertiary hospital between 2017 and 2019. After excluding 6 patients, demographic, clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings of 36 patients treated with NSAIDs and 15 patients treated with corticosteroids were compared. The median duration of follow-up was 4 (3.5-5.5) years. Permanent hypothyroidism occurred in 16 patients (31.4%) of 51 patients. It developed at a significantly higher rate in NSAID users (p=0.019). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of transient hypothyroidism and recurrence (p=0.472, p=0.082). The early maximum TSH values were strongly associated with permanent hypothyroidism. The Odds Ratio (OR) value was 2.59 (95% CI = 1.26 – 5.33, p=0.009), Nagelkerke R2 = 0.821. The early maximum TSH level had a predictive value, with an AUC of 0.966 for post-SAT permanent hypothyroidism (p<0.001). The cutoff values for the early maximum TSH were 9.07uIU/ml (81.3% sensitivity, 100% specificity), and 7.05 uIU/ml (87.5% sensitivity, 94.3% specificity). Corticosteroid therapy is significantly effective in preventing permanent hypothyroidism from developing after SAT. The early maximum TSH values are an indicator for the prediction of the development of permanent hypothyroidism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]