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Objective: Our study's primary objective was to examine the effects of four different prophylactic protocols on the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage following vaginal birth, including carbetocin only, oxytocin only, and a combination of carbetocin or oxytocin with tranexamic acid. Design: A multicentric randomized controlled trial. Participants/Materials, Setting, and Methods: This multicentric center prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Bezmialem University and Van Health Teaching and Research Hospital from August 2022 to January 2023. The collected data included age, gravidity, parity, gestational age at birth, duration of delivery stages, prepartum hemoglobin and hematocrit concentrations, changes in hemoglobin and hematocrit concentrations, intrapartum blood loss, estimated blood loss after 2 h of vaginal delivery, Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min, birth weight, and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. Intrapartum blood loss was objectively measured in milliliters using a postpartum drape with a calibrated bag. The amount of bleeding was measured by subtracting the empty weight of the pads placed under the patient in the patient's bed within 2 h after delivery. Group I: carbetocin 100 μg/mL (n = 75), group II: oxytocin 5 IU/mL (n = 75), group III: carbetocin and tranexamic acid 50 mg/mL (n = 75), group IV: oxytocin and tranexamic acid (n = 75). Results: The hemoglobin concentration decrease significantly differed between groups (1.03 ± 1.04, 1.3 ± 0.85, 1.4 ± 0.85, 1.41 ± 0.87, respectively; p < 0.001). Group 4 has the highest decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit concentrations. When we investigated the subgroup differences, the decrease in hemoglobin concentration was significantly higher in group 2 than group 1 (1.30 ± 0.85 vs. 1.03 ± 1.04; p = 0.023), in group 2 than group 3 (1.3 ± 0.85 vs. 1.04 ± 0.9; p = 0.013), and in group 4 than group 3 (1.41 ± 0.87 vs. 1.04 ± 0.9; p < 0.001). The decrease in hematocrit level was significantly different between groups (3.07 ± 3.23, 3.55 ± 2.44, 2.13 ± 3.09, 4.25 ± 2.52; p < 0.001, respectively). No significant differences were observed in terms of mean blood loss between the four groups (277.19 ± 208.10, 294.13 ± 198.64, 274.33 ± 199.57, and 283.97 ± 178.11; p = 0.445, respectively). Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the groups in the rate of need for blood transfusion (1.3%, 5.4%, 4%, and 4%, respectively; p = 0.6). Limitations: The most important limitation of the study is a relatively small number of participants. Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings suggest that carbetocin may be more successful than oxytocin and oxytocin plus tranexamic acid regimens in terms of postpartum hemoglobin reduction, and there is no difference in terms of the need for blood transfusion when it is used for postpartum hemorrhage prophylaxis after vaginal delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preterm labor is the leading cause of premature mortality and morbidity. Therefore, to rule-in and rule-out preterm delivery is a very important issue in our clinical practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the value of placental alpha microglobulin-1 (PAMG-1) molecule positivity in cervicovaginal secretions of women who have a CL <25 mm and presenting with preterm labor symptoms to predict spontaneous preterm birth within seven days. This was a prospective cohort study conducted in Ankara University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology between August 2017 and February 2019 on the patients who had Preterm labor symptoms, <25 mm transvaginal cervical length (CL), clinically intact membranes. The primary outcome of the study was the power of CL and PAMG-1 positivity on the prediction of preterm birth in seven days. Sensitivity and specificity values of PAMG-1 in our study population to predict spontaneous preterm birth in seven days were calculated 52.94% and 98.84%, respectively, negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated 91.4% and 90%, respectively. When we investigated our data according to different CL cutoffs, sensitivity and NPV for 20 mm cutoff were 88.24% and 96.3% that was better than PAMG-1, but specificity and PPV were 60.47% and 30.61%, respectively, that was more ineffective than PAMG-1. If we calculate the values according to 15 mm and 10 mm CL cutoffs sensitivity values were 58.8% and 23.53%, specificity values were 81.4% and 91.86%, NPV were 90.9% and 85.87%, PPV were 38.46% and 36.36%, respectively. Finally, accuracy value of PAMG-1 to predict spontaneous preterm birth in seven days was 91.26% that was better than other CL cutoffs (20 mm, 15 mm, and 10 mm). PAMG-1 molecule with high NPV and PPV (91.4% and 90%) combination will contribute our clinical decision on the population who had preterm labor symptoms and a CL shorter than 25 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) processes, the flow pattern of the resin in the mold cavity during mold filling dictates the quality of the composite part. Disturbances such as uncertainty in the fiber preform permeability, variations in the resin viscosity, and racing of the resin along the mold walls may create unexpected and unanticipated flow patterns that could result in dry spots in the preform. Process control with sensor feedback can potentially provide the ability to make fully impregnated parts despite various disturbances by manipulating the flow front movement during resin impregnation through modification of the injection conditions at the gates. Studies have shown that under certain conditions, the flow front shape is not influenced by even large changes in the flow rate or the pressure at the injection gates. This study investigates gate effectiveness in modifying the flow front shape by analyzing the flow dynamics and conducting a parametric study in a simulation environment.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of carbetocin for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and related events after vaginal or cesarean delivery.Methods: Medline, Scopus, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched in February 2018 using combinations of the relevant MeSH terms, keywords. Randomized studies, comparing carbetocin to any other uterotonic agent, in the management of cesarean and vaginal deliveries, were conducted. Two reviewers independently extracted the data. A random-effects meta-analysis was used for quantitative synthesis. Also, Bayesian random-effect metaregression was used to estimate the posterior probabilities (PP) for benefits of carbetocin use.Results: After the full-text review, 30 trials were included in the meta-analysis. Compared to oxytocin, carbetocin was associated with a reduced need for additional uterotonic use in women undergoing cesarean delivery (RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.30-0.59, I2 = 71%, 3216 women, PP > 99.9%). Women at high risk of PPH delivering vaginally also had a reduced need for additional uterotonic use with carbetocin compared to oxytocin (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.34-0.94, I2 = 38%, 789 women, PP = 81.2%). The risk of postpartum blood transfusion (RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.33-0.96, I2 = 0%, 1991 women, PP = 97.9%) was also less with carbetocin compared to oxytocin in high-risk women undergoing cesarean delivery. The risk of PPH was similar between carbetocin and other uterotonic agents for both cesarean (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.45-1.05, I2 = 27%, 2926 women, PP = 96.3%) and vaginal deliveries (RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.32-1.14, I2 = 35%, 1515 women, PP = 88.9%).Conclusions: Carbetocin is effective in reducing the need for additional uterotonic use and postpartum blood transfusion in women at increased risk of PPH undergoing cesarean delivery. There is still a need for high-quality trials on its effectiveness in preventing PPH in high-risk women.PrecisCarbetocin is effective in reducing the need for additional uterotonic use and postpartum blood transfusion in high-risk women undergoing Cesarean delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors enrolled 32 female partners of sexually active men with premature ejaculation to investigate their sexual functions. An age-matched sample of the same number women whose partners had no sexual dysfunction was also included. Premature ejaculation was defined for all participants as ejaculation that nearly always occurs before or within 2 min of vaginal penetration. An invitation letter was given to men with premature ejaculation to ask whether their female partners could be contacted about completing a questionnaire to measure female sexual status. On the basis of the Female Sexual Function Index, the average sexual function score was significantly lower in partners of men with premature ejaculation (21.8 ± 7.6) compared with that in healthy controls (25.9 ± 6.6). Female sexual dysfunction was diagnosed in 78% of women who has a male partner with premature ejaculation, while 40% of female partner of healthy men. All of the domain scores of Female Sexual Function Index, except the desire and pain levels, were significantly lower in female partners of men with premature ejaculation group than those of healthy subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Benign prostate hyperplasia is frequently diagnosed in elderly chronic renal failure patients. Although it is asymptomatic because urine flow declines in those with chronic renal failure, it may become symptomatic when urine flow increases after renal transplant. Untreated benign prostate hyperplasia may lead to several complications that adversely affect the kidney allograft., Materials and Methods: Our retrospective study investigated data from 286 male transplant patients. Data obtained included medical history, clinical examination, prostate-specific antigen, prostate volume, and residual urine volume results. Patients had completed an International Prostate Symptom Score questionnaire to assess the low urinary symptoms. Creatinine level, residual urine volume, International Prostate Symptom Score, and uroflow-metry results were reviewed., Results: The average age of patients in our group was 54.8 years. Seven patients were diagnosed with benign prostate hyperplasia, and transurethral resection of the prostate was performed. The average creatinine levels before and after transurethral resection were 2.53 ± 0.76 mg/dL and 1.66 ± 1.12 mg/dL, respectively. Creatinine levels measured 6 months after transurethral resection versus before resection were statistically significant (P < .018). Furthermore, there was a statistically significant difference (P < .017) in the postmicturition residual urine volume between the preoperative and postoperative values, which were 132.14 ± 19.33 and 47.6 ± 18.6 mL, respectively. Maximum urine flow rates before and after transurethral resection were also significantly different (P < .017)., Conclusions: Although the main reasons for graft function loss after renal transplant are rejection and infections, obstructive pathologies should also be considered. Especially for elderly patients, anamnesis, uroflowmetry, and digital rectal examination play critical roles in the evaluation of benign prostate hyperplasia before and after transplant.