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In this retrospective case series, we investigated factors associated with posterior capsule aperture (PCA) reclosure following neodymium-yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy. The study encompassed patients who underwent cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation or a combined vitrectomy, cataract surgery, and IOL implantation between 2009 and 2022. PCA reclosure was observed in 22 eyes of 17 patients: 45% (10 eyes) underwent the triple procedure, and 55% (12 eyes) received cataract surgery with IOL implantation. In our clinic, 14% of patients were given IOLs with a 4% water content, while 73% (13 eyes) of those experiencing PCA reclosure had IOLs with a 4% water content. The mean interval between Nd:YAG capsulotomies was notably shorter than that between the initial cataract surgery and the first Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy. We also identified five stages of PCA reclosure progression. In conclusion, IOL water content may be linked to PCA reclosure, and the time to recurrence is shorter with each successive reclosure. Further research is needed to verify these findings and uncover additional contributing factors.

Hiromasa Yamashita,1,2 Kenkichi Tanioka,2 Goichiro Miyake,3 Ichiro Ota,3 Toru Noda,4 Kensaku Miyake,3 Toshio Chiba1,2 1Kairos Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; 2Medical Imaging Consortium, Tokyo, Japan; 3Miyake Eye Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; 4Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan Background: We have developed a new compact lightweight 8K ultra-high-definition (UHD; 7,680×4,320 pixels) camera and started medical application with an ophthalmic surgical microscope which is interchangeable with the conventional high-definition (1,920×1,080 pixels)/4K UHD (3,840×2,160 pixels) microscopic camera. Methods: We did a feasibility study to apply our 8K UHD microscope in cataract surgery, glaucoma surgery and vitreous surgery using pig cadaver eyes. The 8K UHD microscope comprises a surgical microscope, a camera adaptor with relay lenses, an 8K UHD camera and an 8K UHD LCD to share the 8K UHD images with all surgical staff in real time. Results: In ophthalmic surgeries, higher resolution images than conventional microscopic cameras were obtained with 8K UHD LCD equivalent to the observation through the microscopic eye pieces. Conclusion: Based on the results of this feasibility study, clinical trials on human ophthalmic surgery using the new 8K UHD microscopic camera should be conducted in the near future. Keywords: 8K ultra-high-definition camera, surgical microscope, cataract surgery, glaucoma surgery, vitreoretinal surgery, heads-up surgery

Purpose To examine the effects of pretreatment with diquafosol 3.0% ophthalmic solution on corneal surface wetting during cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in cases of senile cataract. Setting Shohzankai Medical Foundation, Miyake Eye Hospital, Nagoya, Japan. Design Prospective randomized single-masked comparative study. Methods Phacoemulsification and IOL implantation were performed in eyes with senile cataract. After a 2-week washout period, patients were randomly assigned to receive 1 drop of diquafosol 3.0% ophthalmic solution or artificial tears 6 times daily for 4 weeks before surgery. The main outcome measure, termed the corneal wetting property, was the time between when a clear image of the operating microscope light source appeared just after the corneal surface was irrigated with a balanced salt solution and the time at which that image began to blur. Results The study enrolled 51 patients (76 eyes). The mean time to corneal wetting was 50.1 seconds ± 10.8 (SD) in the diquafosol group and 45.3 ± 9.2 seconds in the artificial tears group. The difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant ( P Conclusion Four-week pretreatment with diquafosol 3.0% ophthalmic solution in patients with senile cataract scheduled for cataract surgery with IOL implantation was effective in enhancing the intraoperative corneal surface wetting property, which suggests improved optical clarity during surgery. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

Purpose We report a newly developed device to fragment thrombi in retinal vein occlusion. Methods The new instrument consists of a 23-gauge (G) pipe and a 37-G needle with an internal wire. A total of 40 porcine eyes were used; 20 eyes for experiments in the branch retinal vein (BRV group) and 20 eyes for experiments in the central retinal vein (CRV group). We placed 25-G 3-port trocars, and core vitrectomy was performed. Another 23-G scleral incision was performed for insertion of the needle. The needle pierced the retinal vein at a distance of three- to four- or one-disc diameters from the optic disc (BRV or CRV group, respectively), and the internal wire was advanced toward the disc. The success rates of needle piercing and cannulation of the internal wire were recorded in each group. In the CRV group, the cannulation was deemed successful when the tip reached inside the optic disc. Real-time optical coherence tomography imaging also was performed using the Zeiss Rescan 700 device in porcine eyes. Histologic examination of the retinal vessel inserted with the internal wire was performed. Results The success rates of needle piercing into the BRV and CRV were 85% and 95%, respectively. The success rates of cannulation of the internal wire into the BRV and CRV were 85% and 0%, respectively. The process of cannulation was recorded successfully with the Rescan 700. Histologic examination showed no damages to the endothelial cell layer. Conclusions The needle and internal wire intended to be used for recanalization of BRV occlusion were successfully pierced and cannulated into the BRV. Translational relevance This newly developed device could become a treatment modality for retinal vein occlusion to fragment thrombi that present treatment methods cannot reach and remove directly.

We describe 6 cases that developed intraocular inflammation between 42 days and 137 days after implantation of an acrylic foldable intraocular lens (IOL) (ISert model 251) and failed to respond to antibiotic treatment. One eye required a vitrectomy and IOL removal, 2 eyes required irrigation of the capsule, and 5 eyes required systemic administration of steroids. The healing process took 30 to 108 days after onset. Simultaneous with our cases was an epidemic outbreak of sterile anterior segment inflammation with the same characteristics associated with the same IOL. The clinical features indicated late-onset toxic anterior segment syndrome. Analysis of the outbreak strongly suggested that toxicity of the aluminum used in the IOL production process was the cause. This contamination risk exists even with modern manufacturing technology. Financial Disclosure Mr. Shibuya is an employee of Hoya Corporation Medical Division. No other author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

Purpose To compare a topical nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (nepafenac 0.1%) and a topical steroidal antiinflammatory drug (fluorometholone 0.1% ) in preventing cystoid macular edema (CME) and blood–aqueous barrier (BAB) disruption after small-incision cataract extraction with foldable intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Setting Shohzankai Medical Foundation, Miyake Eye Hospital, Nagoya, Japan. Design Randomized double-masked single-center clinical trial. Methods Patients were randomized to receive nepafenac 0.1% eyedrops or fluorometholone 0.1% eyedrops for 5 weeks after phacoemulsification with foldable IOL implantation. The incidence and severity of CME were evaluated by fluorescein angiography, retinal foveal thickness on optical coherence tomography, and BAB disruption on laser flare–cell photometry. Results Thirty patients received nepafenac and 29 patients, fluorometholone. Five weeks postoperatively, the incidence of fluorescein angiographic CME was significantly lower in the nepafenac group (14.3%) than in the fluorometholone group (81.5%) ( P P =.0266) and 5 weeks ( P =.0055). At 1, 2, and 5 weeks, anterior chamber flare was significantly less in the nepafenac group than in the fluorometholone group ( P P P =.0304, respectively). The visual acuity recovery from baseline was significantly greater in the nepafenac group (80.0%) than in the fluorometholone group (55.2%) ( P =.0395). There were no serious side effects in either group. Conclusion Nepafenac was more effective than fluorometholone in preventing angiographic CME and BAB disruption, and results indicate nepafenac leads to more rapid visual recovery. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned. Additional disclosures are found in the footnotes.

Heparan sulphate 6-O-sulphotransferase (HS6ST) catalyses the transfer of sulphate from adenosine 3′-phosphate, 5′-phosphosulphate to the 6th position of the N-sulphoglucosamine residue in HS. We previously described the occurrence of three isoforms of mouse HS6ST, mHS6ST-1, −2, and −3 [Habuchi, Tanaka, Habuchi, Yoshida, Suzuki, Ban and Kimata (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 2859—2868]. In the present study, we have characterized HS6ST-2 and HS6ST-1 human isologues, including their chromosomal localizations. In the process of their cDNA cloning, we found two forms of HS6ST-2: the original (hHS6ST-2) and a short form (hHS6ST-2S) with 40 amino acids deleted. Both hHS6ST-2 and hHS6ST-2S catalysed the same sulphation reaction, but their preferences for sulphation sites in HS substrates were different. Dot-blot analysis of the two forms showed that the original form was exclusively expressed in adult and foetal brain tissues, whereas the short form was expressed preferentially in ovary, placenta and foetal kidney, suggesting that the expression of two forms of hHS6ST-2 is strictly regulated to yield tissue-dependent differences in the fine structure of HS. A refined analysis of their reaction products has led us to another finding, that HS6STs could also transfer sulphate to N-sulphoglucosamine residues located at the non-reducing terminal of HS with high affinity.

MY-174 is an IgM class monoclonal antibody originally established against chick PG-M/versican. The antibody specifically stains the photoreceptor layer, where we recently reported an absence of PG-M/versican. In this study, we re-characterized the antibody and identified the molecule that reacts to MY-174 at the photoreceptor layer. Immunohistochemistry localized the antigen to the matrix surrounding photoreceptors. A variety of glycosidase digestions showed that the antigen is the 150-kDa glycoprotein that has sialylated N- and O-linked glycoconjugates having a molecular mass of more than 30-kDa. The peptide sequences obtained from purified MY-174 antigen showed we had sequenced a full-length cDNA with an open reading frame of 2787 base pairs, encoding a polypeptide of 928 amino acids, with 56 and 54% identities to human and mouse sialoprotein associated with cones and rods (SPACRs), respectively, and with the structural features observed in SPACRs. The specific sialylated O-glycoconjugates here are involved in the epitope structure for MY-174. SPACR first appeared by embryonic days 15-16, and expression increased with developmental age, paralleling the adhesion between neural retina and retinal pigment epithelium. Thus, we concluded that the MY-174 antigen at the photoreceptor layer, a developmentally regulated glycoprotein, is identical to chick SPACR and may be involved in a novel system mediating adhesion between neural retina and retinal pigment epithelium.