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Background: The genus Corynebacterium comprises well-known animal and human pathogens as well as commensals of skin and mucous membranes. Species formerly regarded as contaminants are increasingly being recognized as opportunistic pathogens. Corynebacterium oculi has recently been described as a human ocular pathogen but has so far not been reported in dogs., Case Presentation: Here we present two cases of infection with a novel Corynebacterium sp., a corneal ulcer and a case of bacteriuria. The two bacterial isolates could not be identified by MALDI-TOF MS. While 16 S rRNA gene (99.3% similarity) and rpoB (96.6% identity) sequencing led to the preliminary identification of the isolates as Corynebacterium (C.) oculi, whole genome sequencing revealed the strains to be closely related to, but in a separate cluster from C. oculi. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed high minimal inhibitory concentrations of lincosamides, macrolides, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolones for one of the isolates, which also contained an erm(X) and tet-carrying plasmid as well as a nonsynonymous mutation leading to an S84I substitution in the quinolone resistance determining region of GyrA., Conclusions: While the clinical signs of both dogs were alleviated by antimicrobial treatment, the clinical significance of these isolates remains to be proven. However, considering its close relation with C. oculi, a known pathogen in humans, pathogenic potential of this species is not unlikely. Furthermore, these bacteria may act as reservoir for antimicrobial resistance genes also in a One Health context since one strain carried a multidrug resistance plasmid related to pNG3 of C. diphtheriae., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Introduction: Rapid palatal expansion (RPE) is routinely used to correct transverse deficiencies in the maxilla, but its effects on the dentoalveolus are uncertain. The purpose of this study was to compare measurements made on cone-beam computerized tomography scans between patients with RPE treatment and controls to determine transverse dimension increases and the amounts of alveolar and dental tipping., Methods: Twenty-five patients with posterior crossbite who required RPE treatment and 25 sex- and age-matched controls (no crossbite) were orthodontically treated and received cone-beam computerized tomography scans at the beginning and middle of treatment. Transverse widths and several angulations were measured, and matched paired t tests used., Results: RPE treatment produced a significant increase in all measured transverse dimensions. Analysis of posttreatment angulation changes in the RPE group showed that the alveolus substantially tipped buccally by nearly 5.6° (measured from a horizontal reference, the base of the hard palate). The angulations of the dentition, however, remained constant before and after treatment (<1° of change) in both groups., Conclusions: These data showed no statistically significant amount of relative dental tipping after RPE treatment but significant alveolar tipping compared with the controls., (Copyright © 2010 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: The aim of this study was to use cone-beam computed tomography to compare changes of skeletal and dental structures of the maxillary palatal vault in a group of growing patients treated for posterior crossbite before and after rapid palatal expansion (RPE) with changes over time in a control group., Methods: The sample for this retrospective study included 19 patients treated with a hyrax palatal expander at a graduate orthodontic clinic and 19 control subjects who received no RPE. Beginning and progress cone-beam computed tomography scans of all patients were analyzed to measure the anatomic volume, width, height, and anteroposterior dimensions of the palatal region., Results: Progress scans (after RPE treatment for cases) showed, the mean percentages of change in palatal volume were 10.8% in the controls and 21.7% in the RPE group (P = 0.038); however, there were no statistically significant differences in palatal volume at baseline or at progress scan between the RPE patients and controls. Absolute first molar-to-molar width changes at progress scan were 0.57 mm in the controls and 3.27 mm in the RPE group (P = 0.022). Absolute canine-to-canine width changes at progress scan were 0.45 mm in the controls and 2.79 mm in the RPE group (P = 0.007). There were significant differences in percentage and absolute changes in maxillary width measured from molar to molar and canine to canine between RPE group and controls, but no significant differences in maxillary vault height or anteroposterior dimension changes., Conclusions: At progress scan, canine-to-canine width, first molar-to-molar width, and anteroposterior length of the palatal maxillary volume in the RPE group approached the measurements of the controls. Palatal volumes (at baseline and progress scan) were not statistically significantly different between the groups., (Copyright © 2010 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: The aims of this retrospective study were to use cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to assess changes in the volume of the oropharynx in growing patients with maxillary constriction treated by rapid palatal expansion (RPE) and to compare them with changes in age- and sex-matched orthodontic patients., Methods: The experimental group consisted of 24 patients (mean age, 12.8+/-1.88 years) with maxillary constriction who were treated with hyrax palatal expanders; the control group comprised 24 age- and sex-matched patients (mean age, 12.8+/-1.85 years) who were just starting regular orthodontic treatment. Beginning and progress CBCT scans, taken in the supine position, were analyzed with software to measure volume, length, and minimal cross-sectional area of the oropharyngeal airway. The 2 groups were compared with paired t tests., Results: Only retropalatal airway volume was found to be significantly different between groups before treatment (P = 0.011), and this difference remained after treatment (P = 0.024). No other statistically significant differences were found relative to changes in volume, length, or minimum cross-sectional area of the oropharyngeal airway between the groups, but the molar-to-molar width after RPE increased significantly compared with the controls (P <0.001)., Conclusions: Narrow oropharyngeal airways in growing patients with maxillary constriction was demonstrated. But there was no evidence to support the hypothesis that RPE could enlarge oropharyngeal airway volume., (Copyright 2010 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Effects of dietary essential fatty acids on visual attention were explored longitudinally in infant rhesus monkeys with a visual paired-comparison paradigm. Sets of primate faces and of patterns were presented at Weeks 2, 5, 9, and 13 to 9 infants deficient in omega-3 fatty acids and 8 fed a standard nursery diet. Familiarization to 1 member of each pair preceded simultaneous presentation of both stimuli. Infants fed the deficient diet showed longer individual looks in both immediate and 24-hr tests. Duration of looks decreased with age to familiar but not to novel stimuli. The proportion of time looking at the novel stimulus (% novel) increased with age but was not affected by diet. Look duration and % novel were differentially affected and may reflect different underlying processes.