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AbstractPelargonium graveolensL., essential oil (EO) has various therapeutic properties, including aromatherapy. The present experiment was designed to investigate chemical makeup of the P. graveolens(Geranium) EO from Northeast India using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID), and the pharmacological potential was determined using a range of assays along with Allium cepaassay for genotoxicity study. GC-MS analysis of the EO revealed the presence of 11 compounds with a total 97.43% identified area, with citronellol (32.84%), geraniol (23.62%), and citronellyl formate (12.14%) as the major compounds. The essential oil exhibited type-II anti-diabetic properties with an IC506.66 μL/mL and skin whitening potential IC50of 1.89 μL/mL. P. graveolensEO (IC5026.16 μL/mL) was found to possess comparatively weaker anti-inflammatory agent than the standard diclofenac (IC509.24 μL/mL) in the protease inhibitory test. The EO demonstrated moderate antioxidant activity with an IC50value of 22.68 μL/mL than ascorbic acid IC5012.53 μL/mL in the ABTS assay. The EO was found to moderately affect the mitotic index (15.32%) and induce chromosomal aberrations (11.40%) at a concentration of 1 μL/mL after 72 h of exposure. Based on the findings the Northeast Indian variety of P. graveolensEO exhibits promising type-II anti-diabetic and skin whitening properties, which could be further utilized in the formulation of anti-diabetic and skin whitening agents after validation through clinical trials.

AbstractsOcimum americanumL. is a highly valued aromatic plant whose leaves are used not only in traditional cuisine but also in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. This study aimed to identify the chemical profile of essential oil extracted from the leaves of Ocimum americanumby GC-FID and GC/MS grown in acidic soil conditions in the NE region of India. Furthermore, the biological activities like antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tyrosinase activity were analyzed, as per standard methods. GC and GC/MS analysis identified 16 compounds in which citral-a (48.25%) was found as a major compound, followed by carveol (41.64%). The antioxidant activity was performed using DPPH and ABTS methods; and IC50value obtained was 8.85 μL/mL and 28.82 μL/mL, respectively. The leaf essential oil of O. americanumexhibited strong anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activities, whereas moderate anti-tyrosinase activities with IC50values of 40.84, 12.81, and 182.74 μL/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the ant-microbial activity was evaluated for four bacterial and four fungal strains, revealing that O. americanumessential oil expresses antifungal activity against S. cereviaceaeonly with a MIC value of 5±0.47 μg/mL. These evidences clearly indicates that essential oil obtained from the leaf of O. americanumshowed potential anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activity that can be used as an alternative in pharmaceuticals and food industries as a natural source.

AbstractChrysopogon zizanoidesL. is an industrially important crop recognized globally for its plentitude of uses in the perfumery and pharmaceutical industries. Acknowledging its vital importance, thorough research was put forward on the ramifications of the chemical profiling and biological activities of C. zizanoidesessential oil collected from North East India, with particular reference to the acidic soil condition. The GC/MS analysis identified 31 compounds with an essential oil yield of 0.11±0.035% (v/w), including cubenol as a major compound. Anti-oxidant potential through DPPH scavenging activity disclosed IC50value in median range, in ABTS assay, IC50value was much lower than standard (9.43<34.13 μL/mL), indicating high anti-oxidant activity. IC50value of alpha-amylase assay showed much lower than standard (44.43<68.87 μL/mL), indicating intense anti-diabetic activity; moreover, through trypsin inhibitory assay, the IC5028.95 μL/mL was almost similar to standard 25.68 μL/mL. Anti-tyrosinase activity revealed contradictory results showing a higher IC50 value (188.75>138.59 μL/mL) than standard kojic acid. A study on anti-microbial activity results revealed no sign of inhibition against any of the tested microbial strains. Therefore, from our research, it is concluded that C. zizanoidesroot essential oil has potent biological activity. To date, no detailed analysis has been performed on the anti-diabetic and anti-tyrosinase activity of essential oil of C. zizanoides; hence, the present study can be considered novel as it will provide a handful of resources to conduct further research and will open a door for the development of pharmaceutical and natural product industries.

AbstractThe Matricaria chamomillaL. popularly known as chamomile is a plant with many medicinal and pharmaceutical values. The essential oil from dried floral part (capitulata) of the plant has unique chemical profile with a lot of commercial value. In this study, fresh Matricaria chamomillaflowers were used for the extraction of essential oils using Clevenger apparatus and chemical composition was investigated through GC/FID and GC/MS analysis. Antimicrobial activity was carried out using disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory (MIC) concentration assay; DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays were used for anti-oxidant activity determination, trypsin inhibitory assay for the anti-inflammatory test, standard tyrosinase, alpha-amylase inhibitory assays were also used for other biological activities. For genotoxicity analysis, standard Allium cepaassay was used. Chamomile essential oil (CEO) analysis showed the presence of 8 compounds of which six were major compounds namely α-bisabolol oxide, bisabolol oxide II, α-bisabolonoxide, γ-himachalene, cis-β-farnesene and chamazulene with a significant area percentage of 48.94%, 13.48 %, 12.44%, 8.58%, 5.7% and 3.61% respectively. This unique chemical profile which is related to the climatic conditions of North East India impacts other biological activities also. The antimicrobial activity showed the essential oil of M. chamomilla(CEO) was effective against S. griseus(ATCC-10137), fungi A. flavus(ATCC-9643) and F. keratoplasticum(ATCC-36031) following inhibition zones of 16 mm, 20 mm and 19 mm respectively. The antioxidant assay showed that the DPPH assay revealed an IC50 value of 21.95 μL/mL, and the ABTS assay revealed an IC50 value of 23.56 μL/mL. The CEO also possessed antidiabetic activity at 29.88 μL/mL, and acetylcholinesterase showed an IC50 value of 19.20 μL/mL. The CEO showed a mitotic index value of 34.20% where the aberration rate for the CEO was 8.60%. The study was designed and implemented for the first time from Northeast grown M. chamomillawhich reveals tremendous potential for pharmacology, clinical and industrial research.

AbstractEryngium foetidumL., is locally known as Mexican coriander which is medicinally important and belongs to the family Apiaceae. Industrially and pharmacologically important chemical compounds were reported in the leaf essential oil of this species. In this study leaf essential oil extraction was done by the use of hydro distillation and pharmacological potentials like anti-microbial, anti-oxidants, anti-diabetic studies were also performed as per standard methods. The compound identification was carried out by Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). A total of 98.76% percentages of compounds were identified that includes 2-dodecenal (87.85%) as the main compound followed by 2,4,6-trimethyl benzaldehyde (4.06%), (E)-tetradec-2-enal (1.66%), diepicedrene-1-oxide (1.62%), dodecanal (1.19%), decanal (0.38%), 1-dodecanal (0.51%), dodecanoic acid (0.6%), 2,4,6-trimethyl- phenol (0.42%) were found as the minor constituent in E. foetidumleaf essential oil. The essential oil exhibited IC5045.13 µL/mL of DPPH radical scavenging potential while IC5013.96 µL/mL was in ABTS assay. The anti-diabetic potential of leaf essential oil was also performed using α-amylase inhibitory methodology. Additionally, antidiabetic activity was exhibited by the essential oil with IC50153.98 µL/mL. Antimicrobial potential was also checked using both four strains of bacteria and fungi respectively and found that it had a comparable potential to the standard drugs.

AbstractPogostemon cablinLinn., commonly known as patchouli is an aromatic plant with immense use in aroma and perfumery. The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the chemical composition, antimicrobial activity, and various biological activities of Pogostemon cablinLinn flower and leaf essential oils. The compositional analysis was carried out using GC/MS, while standard biological experiments were used to determine the pharmacological potential of both the essential oils. Patchouli alcohol (27.52%, 44.52%) was found to be the major compound followed by caryophyllene (18.23%, 12.86%) for both flowers and leaves essential oil (EO) respectively. P. cablinflower (PCFEO) and leaf essential oil (PCLEO) exhibited weak to strong antimicrobial activities against selected microbial strains. The mitotic index for flower and leaf EO was 14.38% and 15.20% respectively. PCFEO and PCLEO had chromosomal aberrations of 9.0% and 9.60%, respectively. Both PCFEO and PCLEO had substantial antioxidant activity, with PCLEO exhibiting the highest antioxidant activity (IC50= 1.31 µg/mL). Highest anti-inflammatory activity was exhibited by PCLEO (IC50= 4.49 µg/mL). Similarly, the anti-diabetic ability of PCLEO (IC50= 14.19 µg/mL) was greater than the PCFEO (IC50= 15.60 µg/mL). The PCLEO (IC50= 7.42 µg/mL) and PCFEO (IC50= 12.67 µg/mL) both exhibited better anticholinesterase activity than galanthamine (IC50= 22.16 µg/mL). Better tyrosinase inhibitory activity was shown by PCLEO with IC50= 4.03 µg/mL than PCFEO IC50= 4.44 µg/mL. Apart from their antimicrobial activity, the PCLEO was found to outperform both PCFEO as well as the standards in their respective assays. Thus, the present study affirmed the wide application aspects of patchouli essential oil apart from its aromatic application.

AbstractThe present work has been aimed to investigate the chemical composition of the essential oil of Trachyspermum ammiL., seeds by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method (GC/MS), antioxidant activity by DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging, reducing power assay; anti-inflammatory investigation using protein denaturation assay and anti-diabetic activity using the α-amylase inhibitory assay. The essential oil was further evaluated for antibacterial activity against various gram-positive bacteria Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteusand Streptococcus mutansand gram-negative bacteria Salmonella typhimuriumand Salmonella entericaand compared with the standard Ciprofloxacin. Again, the antifungal activity was investigated against Fusarium keratoplasticum, Aspergillus niger, Saccharomyces cereviaceae, Candida albicansand Aspergillus fumigatusand compared with the standard Fluconazole. The GC/MS analysis of Ajwain essential oil revealed the presence of thymol (50.43%) as the major compound followed by other minor and trace compounds. Ajwain essential oil showed better antioxidant activity than that of standard as revealed by DPPH radical scavenging assay with Ajwain essential oil IC503.09 μL/mL which was better performing than ascorbic acid with IC508.87 μL/mL. The IC50value of 21.38 μL/mL was shown by Ajwain essential oil followed by ascorbic acid 79.13 μL/mL in ABTS assay. The in-vitroanti-inflammatory assay revealed Ajwain essential oil as a good candidate for strong natural inflammation inhibitory drug formulation with an IC50value of 93.12 μL/mL in albumin denaturation assay. Significant α-amylase inhibitory activity was also reported with an IC50= 22.02 μL/mL better than standard acarbose IC50= 22.46 μL/mL. Weak antimicrobial activity was reported against all the thirteen tested bacterial and fungal strains. From all the aforementioned results it can be concluded that the presence of the polyphenolic compound thymol (50.43%) resulted in strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities of Ajwain essential oil, which resembles the use of thymol in the future as natural, cost-effective and potential antioxidant, inflammation inhibitory and anti-diabetic precursor for drug formulation.

AbstractPatchouli (Pogostemon cablinBenth.) is an industrially valued aromatic and important medicinal plant currently having a huge demand for its essential oil. It is widely used in flavor and fragrance industries as well as in pharmaceuticals. The essential oil is mainly isolated from the dried leaf of patchouli by steam distillation. Patchoulol and α-patchoulene are the major constituents that regulate and control patchouli essential oil quality. The major compounds of this essential oil are patchouli alcohol, α-guaiene, α-bulnesene, β-caryophyllene, α-patchoulene, γ-curcumene and some of the minor compounds are pogostone, limonene, cedrene, viridiflorol, γ-himachalene, etc. The patchouli essential oil is highly valued in perfumery and aromatherapy and is known to have various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, astringent, diuretic sedative, antimutagenic, antiviral, etc. Realizing the importance and industrial value of the crop, farmers are showing interest in the plantation of patchouli at a commercial scale. In this review, a broad scientific literature were looked through which incorporates Sci-hub, Pub Med, Google Scholar, Pub Chem, NIST chemistry web book and NCBI. The purpose of the review is to summarize the information’s available includes Pogostemon cablinessential oil (EO) extraction and compositions, qualitative and quantitative analysis of the EOs, pharmacological importance, high essential oil yielding variety, adulteration, authentication, patchouli cultivation practices, and industrial demand of patchouli essential oil. An attempt has been made to enlighten the work of various researchers on patchouli carried out to date.

AbstractCurrent study was formulated to analyze the chemical composition, pharmacological activities, and toxicology study of Chromolaena odorataaerial part essential oil (COEO) grown in North East India. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy was used for chemical composition analysis. The antioxidative potential was tested using DPPH and reducing power assays. Protein denaturation and protease inhibitor assays for anti-inflammatory activity and Allium cepaassay were used to test the genotoxicity of the essential oil. Standard disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory assays (MIC) were employed to test the antimicrobial efficacy of COEO and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory assay was used for anticholinesterase activity. GC/MS analysis revealed Geijerene (26.34 %), α-Copaene (17.87 %), Caryophyllene (11.14 %), 3-Carene (10.63 %), Cadinene (7.98 %), Cyclohexane, 1-Methylene-4-(1-methylethenyl)-(3.37 %), Elemol (2.89 %), τ-Muurolol (2.77 %), as major components. Standard DPPH, protein denaturation, and protease inhibitor assays revealed (IC50= 15.88 μg/mL, 19.35 μg/mL, and 27.28 μg/mL respectively) strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory potential of COEO. Allium cepaassay showed negative genotoxicity with (mitotic index) MI=16.38 %, which is close to distilled water MI=19.20 %. While disc diffusion assay (zone of inhibition for B.cereus16.56 ± 0.002 mm; S. aureus14.20 ± 0.057 mm; S. cerevisiae10.67 ± 0.015 mm; A. fumigatus10.15 ± 0.05 mm) and MIC (B. subtilis, S. aureus2.50 μL/mL), showed the antimicrobial potential of COEO. Strong AChE inhibitory activity was observed with an IC50value of 61.98 μg/mL. From all the results obtained it is clear that COEO could be used for future research, development, and in preparation of cost-effective pharmacologically important herbal drugs after proper validations.

AbstractLantana camaraLinn., a noxious weed found in most places of the world has many potential aspects and has been used as folk medicines to cure several diseases. It is reported to possess antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiurolithiatic, wound healing, antifertility and cytotoxic activities. The plant leaf essential oil in the present study was obtained by hydrodistillation method and further analyzed by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy. Twenty-two compounds were detected owing to 88.97 % of the total essential oil percent. Major compounds identified in the L. camaraleaf essential oil were β-caryophyllene (24.96 %) and δ-selinene (17.46 %), while compounds with intermediate concentration were β-copaene (09.55 %), bicylogermacrene (6.69 %), β-phellandrene (6.49 %) and δ-cadinene (4.95 %). Few of the other minor compounds such as 3-carene (2.74 %), limonene (2.48 %), α-copaene (1.88 %), β-germacrene (1.88 %) and geranyl formate (1.64 %) were also identified in considerable quantities. Among the total identified compounds, 12.79 % of monoterpenes, 0.98 % of alkylbenzene, 1.64 % of fatty alcohol esters and 73.56 % of sesquiterpenes were found in the leaf essential oil of L. camara. The present investigation revealed the chemical profiling of L. camaraleaf essential oil from North East India for the very first time and also highlights their applications as well as a relative analysis of the essential oil composition.

AbstractSyzygium cumini(L.) Skeels (Jambolan) is a widespread summer fruit plant, well-known for various therapeutic uses such as anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, antioxidant properties. The fruit helps to convert starch into energy which helps in regulating blood sugar levels and possesses a low glycemic index. The present study is aimed to estimate the chemical composition of the essential oil of leaves of Syzygium cuminithrough GC/MS. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus which was further analyzed through GC/MS. The GC/MS analysis identified twenty-five components with a total area percentage of 95.66 %. The major identified components were τ-cadinol (21.44 %) and tau-muurolol (12.01 %). The compounds of intermediate concentration were globulol (7.98 %), caryophyllene (6.69 %), δ-cadinene (6.56%) and α-pinene (6.32 %). While β-eudesmol (4.42 %), β-pinene (4.32 %), γ-cadinene (3.87 %), camphene (2.98 %), α-terpinenol (2.72 %), camphor (2.23 %), humulene 6,7-epoxide (2.17 %), cubeban-11-ol (1.98 %), α-muurolene (1.81 %), epicubenol (1.43 %), α-copaene (1.26 %), viridiflorene (1.02 %), β-guanine (0.65 %), β-bourbonene (0.23 %), terpinen-4-ol (0.13 %), endo-borneol (0.12 %), levoverbenone (0.12 %) and isobornyl acetate (0.12 %) were the compounds present in minor concentrations. Among the identified compounds there were monoterpene hydrocarbons (13.62 %), bicyclic-monoterpenoid (0.36 %), terpenoid ketones (2.23 %), monocyclic monoterpenoid alkene alcohol (2.85 %), non-oxygenated sesquiterpenes (25.17 %) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (51.43 %). The present investigation also discusses the applications of various components found in S. cuminileaf essential oil and a comparative view on the essential oil composition of the leaves of the plant was reported earlier.

AbstractCitrus limonL. Burmf (commonly known as lemon) is a small thorn bearing tree which belongs to the family Rutaceae cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world and mostly cultivated in North Eastern region of India. It bears many medicinal properties and used in the cosmetics industries and pharmaceutical industries. Apart from the plant, extracted peel essential oil of C. limonhas many medicinal properties so it can be used in the treatment of different diseases. Essential oil was extracted using hydrodistillation and analyzed by using Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). A total of forty three compounds were identified of which limonene (55.40 %) and neral (10.39 %) were found as major compound followed by trans-verbenol (6.43 %) and decanal (3.25 %). The other compounds present were ethyl cinnamate (2.21 %), ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (2.21 %), cis-α-bergamotene (1.60 %), geraniol (1.48 %), trans-carveol (1.33 %), nonanal (1.19 %), linalool (1.16 %), α-terpineol (1.07 %), p-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol (0.90 %), estragole (0.73 %), α-fenchene (0.46 %), perillol (0.46 %), β-curcumene (0.45 %), trans-d-limonene oxide (0.43 %), 1-naphthalenamine (0.42 %), camphor (0.34 %), 3-carene (0.34 %), β-santalene (0.27 %), β-sesquiphellandrene (0.25 %), α-pinene (0.17 %), terpinen-4-ol (0.17 %), 3-terpinolenone (0.17 %), zizaene (0.16 %), germacrene -D (0.16 %), α-bisabolol (0.16 %), β-bisabolol (0.14 %), methyl n-hexadecanoate (0.14 %), citronellal (0.12 %), o-cymene (0.12 %), 1-undecanol (0.11 %) and sabinol (0.11 %) were identified as in minor quantities. Limonene was the major chemical compound in the C. limonpeel essential oil which possess many medicinal properties could be used as a pharmaceutical industries.

Background: This investigation was designed to evaluate the chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, genotoxicity, and antimicrobial activities of Curcuma caesia Roxb rhizome essential oil. Methods: Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis was performed to determine the chemical composition, standard antioxidative test DPPH assay, reducing power assay, in vitro antiinflammatory activity (egg albumin denaturation, protease inhibitory assay) by using standard methods. Similarly, antimicrobial activity was tested using the disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration ability (MIC); while to test genotoxicity, Allium cepa assay was used. Results: GC/MS analysis revealed eucalyptol (28.55%), epicurzerenone (19.62%), and camphor (21.73%) as the major components of C. caesia rhizome essential oil. Potent antioxidant (IC50= 48.08±0.003 μg/mL), anti-inflammatory (IC50= 121.7±0.0013 μg/mL), and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil were recorded better than the standard drugs Fluconazole for fungus and Ciprofloxacin for bacteria. The essential oil also possessed a strong antibacterial effect against two tested bacterial strains B. subtilis and B. cereus with 7.5 μg/mL MIC value, while for fungal strains the essential oil was most effective against S. cereviaceae with an MIC value of 2.5 μg/mL. All the data were recorded in triplicates. Allium cepa assay revealed minor genotoxicity with mitotic index, MI= 27.70%; chromosome aberration, A= 1.1% of C. caesia rhizome essential oil. Conclusion: C. caesia rhizome essential oil possesses potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties with negligible genotoxicity. Hence, the present study is highly significant for the utilization of rhizome of C. caesia, a high-value ethnopharmacological plant for advanced R & D and commercial application.

Background: The essential oil of methyl eugenol rich Cymbopogon khasianus Hack. was evaluated and its bioactivities were compared with pure methyl eugenol. So far, methyl eugenol rich essential oil of lemongrass was not studied for any biological activities; hence, the present study was conducted.Objective: This study examined the chemical composition of essential oil of methyl eugenol rich Cymbopogon khasianus Hack., and evaluated its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and herbicidal properties and genotoxicity, which were compared with pure compound, methyl eugenol. Material and Methods: Methyl eugenol rich variety of Cymbopogon khasianus Hack., with registration no. INGR18037 (c.v. Jor Lab L-9) was collected from experimental farm CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat, Assam (26.7378°N, 94.1570°E). The essential oil wasobtained by hydro-distillation using a Clevenger apparatus. The chemical composition of the essential oil was evaluated using GC/MS analysis and its antioxidant (DPPH assay, reducing power assay), anti-inflammatory (Egg albumin denaturation assay), and antimicrobial (Disc diffusion assay, MIC) properties, seed germination effect and genotoxicity (Allium cepa assay) were studied and compared with pure Methyl Eugenol compound (ME). Results: Major components detected in the Essential Oil (EO) through Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy analysis were methyl eugenol (73.17%) and β-myrcene (8.58%). A total of 35components were detected with a total identified area percentage of 98.34%. DPPH assay revealed considerable antioxidant activity of methyl eugenol rich lemongrass essential oil (IC50= 2.263 μg/mL), which is lower than standard ascorbic acid (IC50 2.58 μg/mL), and higher than standard Methyl Eugenol (ME) (IC50 2.253 μg/mL). Methyl eugenol rich lemongrass EO showed IC50 38.00 μg/mL, ME 36.44 μg/mL, and sodium diclofenac 22.76 μg/mL, in in-vitro anti-inflammatory test. Moderate antimicrobial activity towards the 8 tested microbes was shown by methyl eugenol rich lemongrass essential oil whose effectiveness against the microbes was less as compared to pure ME standard. Seed germination assay further revealed the herbicidal properties of methyl eugenol rich essential oil. Moreover, Allium cepa assay revealed moderate genotoxicity of the essential oil. Conclusion: This paper compared the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, genotoxicity and herbicidal activities of methyl eugenol rich lemongrass with pure methyl eugenol. This methyl eugenol rich lemongrass variety can be used as an alternative of methyl eugenol pure compound. Hence, the essential oil of this variety has the potential of developing cost-effective, easily available antioxidative/ antimicrobial drugs but its use should be under the safety range of methyl eugenol and needs further clinical trials.

AbstractAcorus calamusL. is an important aromatic medicinal plant, which has many biological activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential in-vitroantioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of rhizome essential oil of A. calamus. Hydro-distillation process was used to extract the essential oil from dry rhizome using Clevenger apparatus. The chemical compounds identified through GC/MS analysis revealed that β-asarone (82.42 %) as a major compound and calarene (2.41 %), euasarone (1.92 %), 2- methoxy-3-allylphenol (1.91 %) were minor compounds. The antioxidant activity of rhizome essential oil showed good free radical scavenging activity in DPPH assay (IC50=1.68 μg/mL) as compared to standard, ascorbic acid (IC50=1.48 μg/mL). Anti-microbial activity of rhizome essential oil showed the highest zone of inhibition against A. fumigates(16 mm) and lowest against S. cerevisiae(12 mm) at 500 μg/mL concentration among the tested fungal strains whereas, for bacterial strains, the highest zone of inhibition was shown against B. subtilis(12 mm) and lowest against B. cereus(8 mm) at the same concentration. Anti-inflammatory assay showed the IC50value was 172.41 μg/mL whereas in the standard, sodium diclofenac, was 21.0 μg/mL. The toxicity study in A. ceparoots showed that there was negligible effect on the mitotic index (MI=4.20 %) by the rhizome essential oil; as compared to the positive control, EMS (MI=14.79 %) at 1 μL/mL. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that essential oil of A. calamusrhizome could serve as a natural antioxidant and anti-microbial source for commercial use.