30 results on '"Goffredo, E."'
Search Results
2. Fate of Escherichia coli O157:H7 during the manufacture of Mozzarella cheese
- Author
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Spano, G., Goffredo, E., Beneduce, L., Tarantino, D., Dupuy, A., and Massa, S.
- Published
- 2003
3. Fate of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in unpasteurized milk stored at 8 °C
- Author
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Massa, S, Goffredo, E, Altieri, C, and Natola, K
- Published
- 1999
4. Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 during the manufacture and ripening of Cacioricotta goat cheese
- Author
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Ioanna, F., primary, Quaglia, N.C., additional, Storelli, M.M., additional, Castiglia, D., additional, Goffredo, E., additional, Storelli, A., additional, De Rosa, M., additional, Normanno, G., additional, Jambrenghi, A. Caputi, additional, and Dambrosio, A., additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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5. Microbiological survey of raw and ready-to-eat leafy green vegetables marketed in Italy
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Losio, M.N., primary, Pavoni, E., additional, Bilei, S., additional, Bertasi, B., additional, Bove, D., additional, Capuano, F., additional, Farneti, S., additional, Blasi, G., additional, Comin, D., additional, Cardamone, C., additional, Decastelli, L., additional, Delibato, E., additional, De Santis, P., additional, Di Pasquale, S., additional, Gattuso, A., additional, Goffredo, E., additional, Fadda, A., additional, Pisanu, M., additional, and De Medici, D., additional
- Published
- 2015
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6. Comparison of different biochemical and molecular methods for the identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus
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Croci, L., Suffredini, E., Cozzi, L., Toti, L., Ottaviani, D., Pruzzo, Carla, Serratore, P., Fischetti, R., Goffredo, E., Loffredo, G., Mioni, R., Vibrio parahaemolyticus Working Group, L. Croci, E. Suffredini, L. Cozzi, L. Toti, D. Ottaviani, C. Pruzzo, P. Serratore, R. Fischetti, E. Goffredo, G. Loffredo, and R. Mioni and the Vibrio parahaemolyticus Working Group
- Subjects
Identification methods ,DNA, Bacterial ,Concordance ,BIOCHEMICAL METHODS ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,MOLECULAR METHODS ,Microbiology ,law.invention ,Bacterial Proteins ,Vibrionaceae ,law ,False Positive Reactions ,Polymerase chain reaction ,Bacteriological Techniques ,Chromatography ,biology ,Vibrio parahaemolyticus ,General Medicine ,equipment and supplies ,biology.organism_classification ,DNA-Binding Proteins ,Genes, Bacterial ,Biotechnology ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
Aims: Multicentre evaluation of biochemical and molecular methods for the identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Methods and Results: For the biochemical identification methods, API 20E and API 20NE and Alsina's scheme were evaluated in intra- and interlaboratory tests in order to determine the accuracy and concordance of each method. Both in intra- and interlaboratory tests, the Alsina's scheme showed the highest sensitivity (86% of correct identifications in the interlaboratory test). False-positive results were obtained by all methods (specificity was 95% for API 20E, 73% for API 20NE and 84% for Alsina's scheme) and concordance varied from 65% of API 20NE to 84% of API 20E. For the molecular identifications, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of toxR gene, tl gene and pR72H fragment were tested on 30 strains by two laboratories. The PCR for toxR showed the highest inclusivity (96%), exclusivity (100%) and concordance (97%). Conclusions: Among the biochemical identification methods tested, the Alsina's scheme gave more reliable results; however, in order to avoid false-positive results, all the biochemical identifications should be confirmed by means of molecular methods. Significance and Impact of the Study: Availability of an efficient identification method of Vibrio parahaemolyticus to use in official control of fisheries products.
- Published
- 2006
7. Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 in ground beef and dairy products in Italy
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Conedera, G, Caprioli, A., Dalvit, P., Martini, Marco, Galiero, G., Gramaglia, M., Goffredo, E., Loffredo, G., Morabito, S., Ottavini, D., Pezzetti, G., Pisanu, M., and Semprini, P.
- Published
- 2003
8. Low Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in Foods from Italy
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Latorre, L., primary, Parisi, A., additional, Fraccalvieri, R., additional, Normanno, G., additional, Nardella La Porta, M.C., additional, Goffredo, E., additional, Palazzo, L., additional, Ciccarese, G., additional, Addante, N., additional, and Santagada, G., additional
- Published
- 2007
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9. Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 in minced beef and dairy products in Italy
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Conedera, G., primary, Dalvit, P., additional, Martini, M., additional, Galiero, G., additional, Gramaglia, M., additional, Goffredo, E., additional, Loffredo, G., additional, Morabito, S., additional, Ottaviani, D., additional, Paterlini, F., additional, Pezzotti, G., additional, Pisanu, M., additional, Semprini, P., additional, and Caprioli, A., additional
- Published
- 2004
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10. Drug resistances in salmonella isolates from animal foods, Italy 1998–2000
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MAMMINA, C., primary, CANNOVA, L., additional, MASSA, S., additional, GOFFREDO, E., additional, and NASTASI, A., additional
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- 2002
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11. Predilection sites of Trichinella spiralis larvae in naturally infected horses
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Pozio, E., primary, Paterlini, F., additional, Pedarra, C., additional, Sacchi, L., additional, Bugarini, R., additional, Goffredo, E., additional, and Boni, P., additional
- Published
- 1999
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12. Fate ofEscherichia coliO157 : H7 in unpasteurized milk stored at 8 °C
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Massa, S., primary, Goffredo, E., additional, Altieri, C., additional, and Natola, K., additional
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- 1999
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13. Detection of Trichinella spiralis in a horse during routine examination in Italy
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Pozio, E., primary, Tamburrini, A., additional, Sacchi, L., additional, Morales, M.A.Gomez, additional, Corona, S., additional, Goffredo, E., additional, and Rosa, G.La, additional
- Published
- 1997
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14. Low Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenesin Foods from Italy
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Latorre, L., Parisi, A., Fraccalvieri, R., Normanno, G., Nardella La Porta, M.C., Goffredo, E., Palazzo, L., Ciccarese, G., Addante, N., and Santagada, G.
- Abstract
Listeria monocytogenesis an important foodborne pathogen that causes gastrointestinal disorders, and, especially in immunocompromised people, serious extraintestinal diseases, such as septicemia and meningitis, as well as abortion in pregnant women. Many foods, from both plant and animal origin, have been involved in listeriosis outbreaks. This article reports the results of a 12-year survey (1993 through 2004) on the presence of L. monocytogenesin several kinds of food marketed in Italy. Of 5,788 analyzed samples, 121 (2.1%) were contaminated with L. monocytogenes. The highest prevalence was found in smoked salmon (10.6%) and in poultry meat samples (8.5%) and the lowest in red meat (0.3%). L. monocytogeneswas not found in 154 samples of fresh seafood products. Fifty-two isolates were also serotyped by the agglutination method. The most common serotypes detected in the 52 strains tested were 1/2a (36.5%), followed by 1/2c (32.8%), 1/2b (13.5%), 4b (11.5%), 3a (3.8%), and 3b (1.9%). The results of the present study showed low levels of L. monocytogenesin the analyzed samples. A total of 61.5% of the 52 L. monocytogenesstrains analyzed belonged to serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b, namely the serovars that are most commonly involved in extraintestinal human listeriosis outbreaks. In the ready-to-eat samples, these three serotypes were 40.0% (1/2a), 17.1% (1/2b), and 14.3% (4b). This finding highlights the need to implement strict hygienic measures during the production, distribution, and sale of foods to reduce the risk of foodborne listeriosis in humans to an acceptable level.
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- 2007
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15. First Italian report of Trichinella sp. infestation in horse meat | Primo isolamento in Italia di larve di Trichinella sp. da carni di cavallo
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GAETANO VITALE CELANO, Cafarchia, C., Pozio, E., Pavia, C., Casolino, A., Capriuolo, G., Fattizzo, F., Pomo, L., Rubini, A. R., and Goffredo, E.
16. Fate of Escherichia coliO157 : H7 in unpasteurized milk stored at 8 °C
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Massa, S., Goffredo, E., Altieri, C., and Natola, K.
- Abstract
Escherichia coliO157 : H7 and verocytotoxins were not found in any of 100 unpasteurized milk samples obtained from the bulk tanks of eight dairy farms located in the Puglia and Basilicata areas. Seven E. coliO157 : H7 (EHEC) strains were inoculated separately into raw milk samples and then examined periodically to determine the fate of EHEC as influenced by the storage temperature (8 °C) and time. There was essentially no change in the viable population of three EHEC strains for up to 14 d. The remaining four strains showed an increase in population from <2 log to 3 log cfu ml−1in a time period of between 9 and 17 d. The results indicate good survival or even multiplication of E. coliO157 : H7 in raw milk when stored at 8 °C and reaffirm the need for pasteurization and holding the milk at ≤5 °C.
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- 1999
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17. Tra 'comunismo eretico' e ricerca sociale
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Capuzzo, Paolo, Fofi, Goffredo e Salvati, Mariuccia, and Capuzzo, Paolo
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Montaldi Scienze sociali negli anni Cinquanta e Sessanta. Operaismo Antistalinismo - Abstract
Il saggio analizza la connessione tra le posizioni politiche di Montaldi e il peculiare approccio alle scienze sociali restitutio da opere come Autobiografie della leggera e Militanti politici di base. Montaldi era cresciuto negli ambienti del comunismo eretico degli anni Trenta e aveva assorbito la sua critica dello stalinismo e della burocratizzazione del socialismo; su queste basi aveva stabilito dei rapporti con Socialisme ou Barbarie e i suoi esponenti come Morin, Castoriadis, Lefort. E' a partire da questa posizione politica che Montaldi ha sviluppato il lavoro di con-ricerca come indagine sociale sulla classe lavoratrice che mira ad esplorarne l'esperienza, gli orientamenti, i progetti per dare linfa a un progetto politico di emancipazione capace di resistere alle degenerazioni burocratiche degli apparati di rappresentanza politica.
- Published
- 2021
18. Occurrence of a New Variant of Salmonella Infantis Lacking Somatic Antigen.
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Alessiani A, La Bella G, Donatiello A, Occhiochiuso G, Faleo S, Didonna A, D'Attoli L, Selicato P, Pedarra C, La Salandra G, Mancini ME, Di Taranto P, and Goffredo E
- Abstract
Salmonella Infantis is one of the most frequent serovars reported in broilers and is also regularly identified in human salmonellosis cases, representing a relevant public health problem. In the laboratories of the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata (IZSPB), six Salmonella Infantis strains with antigenic formula -:r:1,5 have been isolated from the litter and carcass of broilers between 2018 and 2022. The strains were investigated to evaluate their phenotype, antibiotic resistance and genomic profiles. Genomic analysis confirmed that the isolates belonged to the Infantis serotype and to the sequence type ST32. Moreover, all strains showed a multidrug-resistant (MDR) profile and were characterised by the presence of the IncFIB plasmid incompatibility group. Three strains had the bla
CTX-M-1 gene, and one of them carried IncX1. The presence of this new variant of S . Infantis is particularly relevant because it could expand the landscape of the S . Infantis population. The absence of the somatic antigen could pose a problem in both isolation and serotyping and a consequent public health concern due to the spread of Salmonella infection.- Published
- 2023
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19. Identification of Contracaecum rudolphii (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in Great Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis (Blumenbach, 1978) from Southern Italy.
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Cammilleri G, D'Amelio S, Ferrantelli V, Costa A, Buscemi MD, Castello A, Bacchi E, Goffredo E, Mancini ME, and Cavallero S
- Abstract
In this study, four dead great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis (Blumenbach, 1978) specimens, collected from the coasts and lakes of Southern Italy, were examined by necropsy for the detection of Contraceacum sp. The adults and larvae found were subjected to morphological analysis and molecular identification by PCR-RFLP. A total of 181 Contracaecum specimens were detected in all of the four great cormorants examined (prevalence = 100%), showing an intensity of infestation between nine and ninety-two. A co-infestation by adult and larval forms of Contracaecum rudolphii was found only in one of the great cormorants examined. Following molecular investigations, 48 specimens of C. rudolphii A and 38 specimens of C. rudolphii B were detected, revealing co-infestation solely for the great cormorant from Leporano Bay (Southern Italy). Our results showed an opposite ratio between C. rudolphii A and C. rudolphii B in Pantelleria and in Salso Lake (Southern Italy) compared to what was reported in the literature, probably due to migratory stopovers and the ecology of the infested fish species, confirming the role of Contracaecum nematodes as ecological tags of their hosts.
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- 2023
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20. Systematic Survey of Vibrio spp. and Salmonella spp. in Bivalve Shellfish in Apulia Region (Italy): Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance.
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Mancini ME, Alessiani A, Donatiello A, Didonna A, D'Attoli L, Faleo S, Occhiochiuso G, Carella F, Di Taranto P, Pace L, Rondinone V, Damato AM, Coppola R, Pedarra C, and Goffredo E
- Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasingly common across the globe and aquatic ecosystems could be considered a reservoir of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study aimed to determine prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of the potential pathogenic bacteria Salmonella spp. and Vibrio spp. in bivalve molluscs intended for human consumption, collected over a period of 19 months along the northern coast of Apulia region. The AMR profile was also determined in non-pathogenic Vibrio species, common natural inhabitants of seawater and a useful indicator for the surveillance of AMR in the environment. The current study presents data on the AMR of 5 Salmonella and 126 Vibrio isolates by broth microdilution MIC. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in one S. Typhimurium strain towards sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, tetracycline, gentamicin, and ampicillin and in 41.3% of the Vibrio strains, mostly towards sulphonamides, penicillin, and cephems. All Vibrio isolates were sensitive to azithromycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, gentamicin, streptomycin, amikacin, and levofloxacin. The AMR phenomenon in the investigated area is not highly worrying but not entirely negligible; therefore, in-depth continuous monitoring is suggested. Results concerning the antibiotic agents without available specific clinical breakpoints could be useful to upgrade the MIC distribution for Vibrio spp. but, also, the establishment of interpretative criteria for environmental species is necessary to obtain a more complete view of this issue.
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- 2023
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21. Isolation and characterization of Yersinia enterocolitica from foods in Apulia and Basilicata regions (Italy) by conventional and modern methods.
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Mancini ME, Beverelli M, Donatiello A, Didonna A, Dattoli L, Faleo S, Occhiochiuso G, Galante D, Rondinone V, Del Sambro L, Bianco A, Miccolupo A, and Goffredo E
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Feces, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization methods, Yersinia Infections veterinary, Yersinia enterocolitica genetics
- Abstract
Yersiniosis is the third most reported food-borne zoonosis in Europe. The aim of the present study was to perform the search for Yersinia enterocolitica in food samples collected from Apulia and Basilicata regions (Southern Italy) and to characterize any isolates by classical and modern analytical methods. A total of 130 samples were analyzed between July 2018 and July 2019: most of them were raw milk and dairy products made from it. Furthermore, 8 out of 130 samples were individual milk samples collected from bovines reared in a Brucella-free farm which showed false positive serological reaction for brucellosis due to the presence of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica O:9 biotype 2 in faeces. The Real Time PCR targeting the ail gene and the culture method were performed to detect pathogenic Y. enterocolitica. Isolates were subjected to API 20E (Biomerieux) and MALDI-TOF MS (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight) for species identification. All samples were negative for the ail gene. The culture method allowed to isolate suspicious colonies from 28 samples. The API 20E system and the MALDI-TOF MS technique identified 20 Y. enterocolitica and 1 Y. intermedia in a concordant way. The remaining 7 strains were all identified as Y. enterocolitica by the API 20E system, while the MALDI-TOF MS recognized 4 Y. intermedia, 1 Y. bercovieri and 2 Y. massiliensis. Genotypic characterization of the discordant strains was performed by rMLST and it confirmed the MALDI-TOF MS' results. Only non-pathogenic Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A strains were found, although with a non-negligible prevalence (P = 0.15 with CI 95% = ± 0.06). This study indicates a poor circulation of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica in food products made and marketed in the investigated areas. However, the small number of samples, insufficient for some food categories such as meat and vegetable, does not allow to exclude the presence of pathogenic strains at all., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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- 2022
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22. Evaluation of Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella Strains Isolated from Food, Animal and Human Samples between 2017 and 2021 in Southern Italy.
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Alessiani A, Goffredo E, Mancini M, Occhiochiuso G, Faleo S, Didonna A, Fischetto R, Suglia F, De Vito D, Stallone A, D'Attoli L, and Donatiello A
- Abstract
Salmonella enterica is one of the most common causes of foodborne infection in the world, and the most common one in Italy. Italy collaborates with the other EU member states to survey the antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella on a large scale. This study on the situation in Apulia and Basilicata provides a more focused point of view on the territory, and anticipates the data reported in future Italian reports. Antimicrobial resistance was detected using the MIC detection method, with EUVSEC
® plates, on the strains collected between 2017 and 2021. The results of serotyping showed that Salmonella Infantis is the serovar that has increased the most over time in veterinary samples, while Salmonella Tyhimurium and its monophasic variant are the most isolated in human samples. The results of the antimicrobial resistance study comply with European data, showing high resistance to quinolones, tetracyclines, ampicillin and trimethoprim, and low resistance to colistin and cephems. The significant exception was that all strains were resistant to sulphametoxazole. The presence of MDRs, which was 85% in veterinary and 77.4% in human strains, often included critically important antibiotics, which is a sign that more study and action is needed to manage the use of antibiotics.- Published
- 2022
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23. Survival rate of Escherichia coli O157 in artificially contaminated raw and thermized ewe milk in different Pecorino cheese production processes.
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Centorotola G, Sperandii AF, Tucci P, D'Alterio N, Ricci L, Goffredo E, Mancini ME, Iannetti L, Salini R, Migliorati G, Pomilio F, Valiani A, Ortenzi R, and Lanni L
- Subjects
- Animals, Colony Count, Microbial, Escherichia coli O157 isolation & purification, Food Microbiology, Italy, Lactobacillales isolation & purification, Lactobacillales physiology, Microbial Viability, Sheep, Temperature, Cheese microbiology, Escherichia coli O157 physiology, Food Handling methods, Milk microbiology
- Abstract
Pecorino is a typical Italian cheese, mostly produced in central and southern Italy regions using ewe raw milk and following traditional procedures. The use of raw milk constitutes a risk linked to the potential survival or multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms, as Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). The aim of this study was to compare different Italian traditional Pecorino production methods to determine if there were any phases that could influence the Escherichia coli O157 survival rate, but also if they could negatively influence lactic acid bacteria survival rate, during the phases of production and ripening. Therefore batches of Pecorino cheese were prepared using different production methods, representing the real and typical cheese production in southern and central Italy regions: 1) heating the milk at 37 °C for about 40 min before curding, 2) heating the milk at 60 °C (thermization) for 13 min, so that the alkaline phosphatase reaction is still positive before curding, 3) cooking curd at 41 °C and 4) at 45 °C, both for 5 min. Our results demonstrated that traditional milk treatments different from pasteurization can help but do not eliminate serious microbiological treats, as E. coli O157, especially if the raw milk is heavily contaminated. The heat treatment at 60 °C applied to raw milk was able to decrease the concentration of E. coli O157 of 1.7 log
10 CFU/ml and, according to the inactivation slope, it would be further reduced prolonging the heating treatment. The results obtained also showed that, during the Pecorino cheese ripening, E. coli O157 was always enumerable for 60 days, remaining detectable after 90 days of ripening., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2021
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24. Thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. in chicken and bovine meat in Italy: Prevalence, level of contamination and molecular characterization of isolates.
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Di Giannatale E, Calistri P, Di Donato G, Decastelli L, Goffredo E, Adriano D, Mancini ME, Galleggiante A, Neri D, Antoci S, Marfoglia C, Marotta F, Nuvoloni R, and Migliorati G
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Cattle, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Multilocus Sequence Typing, Phenotype, Prevalence, Campylobacter classification, Campylobacter drug effects, Campylobacter isolation & purification, Chickens, Food Contamination statistics & numerical data, Food Microbiology statistics & numerical data, Meat microbiology
- Abstract
Campylobacter species are common foodborne pathogens associated with cases of human gastroenteritis worldwide. A detailed understanding of the prevalence, contamination levels and molecular characteristics of Campylobacter spp. in cattle and chicken, which are likely the most important sources of human contamination, is imperative. A collection of 1243 poultry meat samples (665 chicken breasts and 578 chicken thighs) and 1203 bovine meat samples (689 hamburgers and 514 knife-cut meat preparations) were collected at retail outlets, in randomly selected supermarkets located in different Italian regions during one year. Of these samples, 17.38% of the poultry meat and 0.58% of the bovine meat samples tested positive for Campylobacter, of which 131 were Campylobacter jejuni (57.96%) and 95 were Campylobacter coli (42.03%). Campylobacter isolates were genotyped with the aim of assessing the genetic diversity, population structure, source distribution and Campylobacter transmission route to humans. All isolates were molecularly characterized by pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and further genotyped using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and fla-SVR sequencing to gain better insight into the population structure. Antibiotic resistance was also investigate. The highest levels of resistance among chicken strains were observed for ciprofloxacin (88.25%), nalidixic acid (81.45%) and tetracycline (75.6%). PFGE analysis revealed 73 pulsotypes for C. jejuni and 54 pulsotypes for C. coli, demonstrating the existance of different and specific clones circulating in Italy. MLST of C.jejuni isolates mainly clustered in the CC353, CC354, CC21, CC206 and CC443; while C.coli isolates clustered only in CC828. The most common flaA alleles were 287 for C. jejuni and 66 for C. coli. Our study confirms that poultry meat is the main source of Campylobacteriosis, whereas red meat had a low level of contamination suggesting a minor role in transmission. The high presence of Campylobacter in retail chicken meat, paired with its increased resistance to antimicrobials with several multidrug resistance profiles detected, is alarming and represents a persistent threat to public health., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2019
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25. Prevalence of anisakid parasites in fish collected from Apulia region (Italy) and quantification of nematode larvae in flesh.
- Author
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Goffredo E, Azzarito L, Di Taranto P, Mancini ME, Normanno G, Didonna A, Faleo S, Occhiochiuso G, D'Attoli L, Pedarra C, Pinto P, Cammilleri G, Graci S, Sciortino S, and Costa A
- Subjects
- Animals, Anisakis isolation & purification, Fisheries, Larva, Prevalence, Risk Assessment, Sicily, Fishes parasitology, Food Contamination analysis, Food Parasitology, Nematoda isolation & purification, Seafood parasitology
- Abstract
Anisakis spp. and Hysterothylacium spp. are nematodes that commonly parasitize several fish species. Nematode larvae can be recovered in coelomic cavity and viscera, but also in flesh and have an important economic and public health impact. A total of 1144 subjects of wild teleosts, 340 samples of cephalopods and 128 specimens of farmed fish collected from Apulia region were analysed for anisakid larvae detection by visual inspection of coelomic cavity and viscera and by digestion of the flesh. No nematode larvae were found in farmed fish and cephalopod molluscs. All examined wild-caught fish species were parasitized, except for 5 species for each of which only a few subjects belonging to the same batch were sampled, therefore the results are just indicative. A total of 6153 larvae were isolated; among these, 271 larvae were found in the muscular portion. Larvae were identified by morphological method as belonging to the genera Anisakis (97.2%) (type I and type II) and Hysterothylacium (2.8%). Both nematodes could be found in all fish species, except for round sardinella (Sardinella aurita), infected only by Hysterothylacium spp. and for Mediterranean scaldfish (Arnoglossus laterna), little tunny (Euthynnus alleteratus) and chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) infected only with Anisakis spp.. A sample of 185 larvae was sent to the National Reference Centre for Anisakiasis (C.Re.N.A.) of Sicily for identification at the species level: 180 larvae belonged to the species A. pegreffii and 2 larvae to A. physeteris. The remaining 3 larvae were identified at genus level as Hysterothylacium. Statistical indices such as prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance were calculated. Chub mackerel (S. japonicus) was the species with the highest prevalence and mean intensity. Moreover, the average and the median values of larvae per 100 g of edible part for each fish species were determined to estimate the consumer exposure to Anisakis spp.. The obtained values were then recalculated by referring to the edible part of all specimens (infected and non-infected) forming a single parasitized batch, getting more realistic and objective data useful for risk assessment. Our results indicate that the consumption of raw or undercooked wild fish caught off Apulian coasts could result in the acquisition of anisakiasis; on the contrary, farmed fish and cephalopods appear to be safer for the consumer., (Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
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26. Salmonella serovar distribution from non-human sources in Italy; results from the IT-Enter-Vet network.
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Mancin M, Barco L, Losasso C, Belluco S, Cibin V, Mazzucato M, Bilei S, Carullo MR, Decastelli L, Di Giannatale E, D'Incau M, Goffredo E, Lollai S, Piraino C, Scuota S, Staffolani M, Tagliabue S, and Ricci A
- Subjects
- Animals, Databases, Factual, Italy, Poultry, Salmonella genetics, Serogroup, Swine, Poultry Diseases microbiology, Salmonella isolation & purification, Salmonella Infections, Animal microbiology, Swine Diseases microbiology
- Abstract
The study summarises the results obtained over the period 2002-2013 by the Italian IT-Enter-Vet network, aimed at collecting data on Salmonella isolates from non-human sources. A total of 42,491 Salmonella isolates were reported with a progressive decrease over the years. S. Typhimurium was the most frequent serovar up to 2011, but then, it was overtaken by S. 4,[5],12,:i:-, S. Derby , S. Livingstone and S. Enteritidis alternated as the third most commonly isolated serovars. With regard to the sources of isolation, S. Typhimurium was distributed ubiquitously among the animal species. On the contrary, S. 4,[5],12,:i:- and S. Derby were strictly associated with pigs, whereas S. Livingstone , S. Enteritidis and S. Infantis were clearly related to poultry. Intriguingly, when the frequency of serovar distribution along the food chain was considered, it was evident that S. Typhimurium and S. Derby tended to persist along the chain, as they were isolated even more frequently from foods than from animals. A similar distribution was found for S. Enteritidis and S. Hadar. Despite limitations related to non-mandatory participation of laboratories in the network, the data presented are valuable to obtain a picture of the evolution of Salmonella from non-human sources over time in Italy., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© British Veterinary Association (unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.)
- Published
- 2018
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27. Influence of Incubation Conditions on Biofilm Formation by Pseudomonas Fluorescens Isolated from Dairy Products and Dairy Manufacturing Plants.
- Author
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Rossi C, Chaves-López C, Serio A, Goffredo E, Goga BT, and Paparella A
- Abstract
In this study, biofilm formation of 64 Pseudomonas fluorescens strains isolated from milk, dairy products and dairy plants was compared. The strains were grown on Tryptic Soy Broth supplemented with 0.2% of glucose, on polystyrene microplates at 10 and 30°C for 48 h. In general, 57/64 P. fluorescens strains formed biofilm, although with great variability at both tested temperatures. Moreover, our results evidenced that the biofilm-forming ability of the strains was temperature- and strain-dependent. Interestingly, the ability of several isolates to form biofilms was associated with the low temperature after 48 h. Our findings evidenced that temperature was more important than incubation time for biofilm formation. Considering the origin of the strains, it is relevant to underline the importance of performing accurate cleaning and disinfection procedures on food processing surfaces., Competing Interests: the authors declare no potential conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2016
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28. Comparative Genomics of Listeria Sensu Lato: Genus-Wide Differences in Evolutionary Dynamics and the Progressive Gain of Complex, Potentially Pathogenicity-Related Traits through Lateral Gene Transfer.
- Author
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Chiara M, Caruso M, D'Erchia AM, Manzari C, Fraccalvieri R, Goffredo E, Latorre L, Miccolupo A, Padalino I, Santagada G, Chiocco D, Pesole G, Horner DS, and Parisi A
- Subjects
- DNA, Bacterial chemistry, Ethanolamine metabolism, Genes, Bacterial, Genomics, Italy, Listeria classification, Listeria isolation & purification, Listeria metabolism, Phylogeny, Propylene Glycols metabolism, Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid, Riboflavin biosynthesis, Evolution, Molecular, Gene Transfer, Horizontal, Genome, Bacterial, Listeria genetics
- Abstract
Historically, genome-wide and molecular characterization of the genus Listeria has concentrated on the important human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes and a small number of closely related species, together termed Listeria sensu strictu. More recently, a number of genome sequences for more basal, and nonpathogenic, members of the Listeria genus have become available, facilitating a wider perspective on the evolution of pathogenicity and genome level evolutionary dynamics within the entire genus (termed Listeria sensu lato). Here, we have sequenced the genomes of additional Listeria fleischmannii and Listeria newyorkensis isolates and explored the dynamics of genome evolution in Listeria sensu lato. Our analyses suggest that acquisition of genetic material through gene duplication and divergence as well as through lateral gene transfer (mostly from outside Listeria) is widespread throughout the genus. Novel genetic material is apparently subject to rapid turnover. Multiple lines of evidence point to significant differences in evolutionary dynamics between the most basal Listeria subclade and all other congeners, including both sensu strictu and other sensu lato isolates. Strikingly, these differences are likely attributable to stochastic, population-level processes and contribute to observed variation in genome size across the genus. Notably, our analyses indicate that the common ancestor of Listeria sensu lato lacked flagella, which were acquired by lateral gene transfer by a common ancestor of Listeria grayi and Listeria sensu strictu, whereas a recently functionally characterized pathogenicity island, responsible for the capacity to produce cobalamin and utilize ethanolamine/propane-2-diol, was acquired in an ancestor of Listeria sensu strictu., (© The Author(s) 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.)
- Published
- 2015
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29. Detection and characterization of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in farm animals and raw meat products in Italy.
- Author
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Del Grosso M, Caprioli A, Chinzari P, Fontana MC, Pezzotti G, Manfrin A, Giannatale ED, Goffredo E, and Pantosti A
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Carbon-Oxygen Ligases genetics, Chickens, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Enterococcus physiology, Food Microbiology, Glycopeptides, Humans, Italy, Serotyping, Swine, Animals, Domestic microbiology, Enterococcus drug effects, Feces microbiology, Meat Products microbiology, Vancomycin Resistance
- Abstract
The emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in Europe has been ascribed to the long-time use of the glycopeptide antibiotic avoparcin as feed additive in food animals, until its ban in 1997 in EU. The pres- ence of VRE in food of animal origin is believed to represent a potential risk for the consumer. We studied the fecal carriage of VRE in broiler chickens and slaughter pigs in Italy before the avoparcin ban and eval- uated the impact of avoparcin withdrawal on the presence of VRE in raw meat products. Broilers and pigs were both found to be frequently colonized by VRE, as 36% and 24.6% of the flocks or the herds, respec- tively, were positive. Molecular typing of VRE strains by PFGE showed that animals housed in different pens within the same farm were colonized by clonally related strains. After the avoparcin ban, a decrease in the rate of VRE contamination in meat products was observed. Such a decrease was statistically significant in poultry (from 18.8% to 9.6%) but not in pork products (from 9.7% to 6.9%). The majority of VRE from all sources carried the vanA resistance gene and included Enterococcus faecium, E. faecalis, E. hirae, E. durans, and E. gallinarum. None of the strains carried the vanB gene, whereas constitutively resistant vanC-positive strains were frequently found. Our results show that avoparcin withdrawal has been successful in reducing VRE contamination in meat products. However, this measure needs to be complemented by a prudent use of glycopeptide antibiotics in human medicine.
- Published
- 2000
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30. Fate of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in unpasteurized milk stored at 8 degrees C.
- Author
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Massa S, Goffredo E, Altieri C, and Natola K
- Subjects
- Animals, Bacterial Toxins biosynthesis, Colony Count, Microbial, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Escherichia coli O157 metabolism, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Italy, Shiga Toxin 1, Temperature, Escherichia coli O157 growth & development, Food Handling, Milk microbiology
- Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 and verocytotoxins were not found in any of 100 unpasteurized milk samples obtained from the bulk tanks of eight dairy farms located in the Puglia and Basilicata areas. Seven E. coli O157:H7 (EHEC) strains were inoculated separately into raw milk samples and then examined periodically to determine the fate of EHEC as influenced by the storage temperature (8 degrees C) and time. There was essentially no change in the viable population of three EHEC strains for up to 14 d. The remaining four strains showed an increase in population from < 2 log to 3 log cfu ml-1 in a time period of between 9 and 17 d. The results indicate good survival or even multiplication of E. coli O157:H7 in raw milk when stored at 8 degrees C and reaffirm the need for pasteurization and holding the milk at < or = 5 degrees C.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
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