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2. The high-resolution map of Oxia Planum, Mars; the landing site of the ExoMars Rosalind Franklin rover mission

Author

European Space Agency, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), U.S. Geological Survey, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), University of Bern, European Commission, UK Space Agency, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), University of Arizona, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Martin-Torres, Javier [0000-0001-6479-2236], Zorzano, Maria-Paz [0000-0002-4492-9650], Fawdon, Peter, Orgel, Csilla, Adeli, Solmaz, Balme, Matt, Calef, Fred J., Davis, Joel M., Frigeri, Alessandro, Grindrod, Peter, Hauber, Ernst, Deit, Laetitia Le, Loizeau, Damien, Nass, Andrea, Quantin-Nataf, Cathy, Sefton-Nash, Elliot, Thomas, Nick, Torres, Ines, Vago, Jorge L., Volat, Matthieu, De Witte, Sander, Altieri, Francesca, Apuzzo, Andrea, Aramendia, Julene, Arana, Gorka, Singh Bahia, Rickbir, Banham, Steven G., Barnes, Robert, Barrett, Alexander M., Benedix, Wolf-Stefan, Bhardwaj, Anshuman, Boazman, Sarah Jane, Bontognali, Tomaso R. R., Bridges, John, Bultel, Benjamin, Ciarletti, Valérie, De Sanctis, Maria Cristina, Dickeson, Zach, Favaro, Elena A., Ferrari, Marco, Foucher, Frédéric, Goetz, Walter, Haldemann, Albert F. C., Harrington, Elise, Kapatza, Angeliki, Koschny, Detlef, Krzesinska, Agata M., Le Gall, Alice, Lewis, Stephen R., Lim, Tanya, Madariaga, Juan Manuel, Man, Benjamin James, Mandon, Lucia, Mangold, Nicolas, Martin-Torres, Javier, McNeil, Joseph D., Molina-Jurado, Antonio, Moral, Andoni G., Motaghian, Sara, Nikiforov, Sergei, Oudart, Nicolas, Pacifici, Andrea, Parkes Bowen, Adam, Plettemeier, Dirk, Poulakis, Pantelis, Putri, Alfiah Rizky Diana, Ruesch, Ottaviano, Sam, Lydia, Schröder, Christian, Statz, Christoph, Thomas, Rebecca, Tirsch, Daniela, Toth, Zsuzsanna, Turner, Stuart, Voelker, Martin, Werner, Stephanie C., Westall, Frances, Whiteside, Barry J., Williams, Adam, Williams, Rebecca M. E., Wright, Jack, Zorzano, Maria-Paz, European Space Agency, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), U.S. Geological Survey, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), University of Bern, European Commission, UK Space Agency, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), University of Arizona, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Martin-Torres, Javier [0000-0001-6479-2236], Zorzano, Maria-Paz [0000-0002-4492-9650], Fawdon, Peter, Orgel, Csilla, Adeli, Solmaz, Balme, Matt, Calef, Fred J., Davis, Joel M., Frigeri, Alessandro, Grindrod, Peter, Hauber, Ernst, Deit, Laetitia Le, Loizeau, Damien, Nass, Andrea, Quantin-Nataf, Cathy, Sefton-Nash, Elliot, Thomas, Nick, Torres, Ines, Vago, Jorge L., Volat, Matthieu, De Witte, Sander, Altieri, Francesca, Apuzzo, Andrea, Aramendia, Julene, Arana, Gorka, Singh Bahia, Rickbir, Banham, Steven G., Barnes, Robert, Barrett, Alexander M., Benedix, Wolf-Stefan, Bhardwaj, Anshuman, Boazman, Sarah Jane, Bontognali, Tomaso R. R., Bridges, John, Bultel, Benjamin, Ciarletti, Valérie, De Sanctis, Maria Cristina, Dickeson, Zach, Favaro, Elena A., Ferrari, Marco, Foucher, Frédéric, Goetz, Walter, Haldemann, Albert F. C., Harrington, Elise, Kapatza, Angeliki, Koschny, Detlef, Krzesinska, Agata M., Le Gall, Alice, Lewis, Stephen R., Lim, Tanya, Madariaga, Juan Manuel, Man, Benjamin James, Mandon, Lucia, Mangold, Nicolas, Martin-Torres, Javier, McNeil, Joseph D., Molina-Jurado, Antonio, Moral, Andoni G., Motaghian, Sara, Nikiforov, Sergei, Oudart, Nicolas, Pacifici, Andrea, Parkes Bowen, Adam, Plettemeier, Dirk, Poulakis, Pantelis, Putri, Alfiah Rizky Diana, Ruesch, Ottaviano, Sam, Lydia, Schröder, Christian, Statz, Christoph, Thomas, Rebecca, Tirsch, Daniela, Toth, Zsuzsanna, Turner, Stuart, Voelker, Martin, Werner, Stephanie C., Westall, Frances, Whiteside, Barry J., Williams, Adam, Williams, Rebecca M. E., Wright, Jack, and Zorzano, Maria-Paz

Abstract

This 1:30,000 scale geological map describes Oxia Planum, Mars, the landing site for the ExoMars Rosalind Franklin rover mission. The map represents our current understanding of bedrock units and their relationships prior to Rosalind Franklin’s exploration of this location. The map details 15 bedrock units organised into 6 groups and 7 textural and surficial units. The bedrock units were identified using visible and near-infrared remote sensing datasets. The objectives of this map are (i) to identify where the most astrobiologically relevant rocks are likely to be found, (ii) to show where hypotheses about their geological context (within Oxia Planum and in the wider geological history of Mars) can be tested, (iii) to inform both the long-term (hundreds of metres to ∼1 km) and the short-term (tens of metres) activity planning for rover exploration, and (iv) to allow the samples analysed by the rover to be interpreted within their regional geological context.

Published
2024

3. Comparability of heavy mineral data – The first interlaboratory round robin test

Author

Dunkl, István, von Eynatten, Hilmar, Andò, Sergio, Lünsdorf, Keno, Morton, Andrew, Alexander, Bruce, Aradi, László, Augustsson, Carita, Bahlburg, Heinrich, Barbarano, Marta, Benedictus, Aukje, Berndt, Jasper, Bitz, Irene, Boekhout, Flora, Breitfeld, Tim, Cascalho, João, Costa, Pedro J.M., Ekwenye, Ogechi, Fehér, Kristóf, Flores-Aqueveque, Valentina, Führing, Philipp, Giannini, Paulo, Goetz, Walter, Guedes, Carlos, Gyurica, György, Hennig-Breitfeld, Juliane, Hülscher, Julian, Jafarzadeh, Mahdi, Jagodziński, Robert, Józsa, Sándor, Kelemen, Péter, Keulen, Nynke, Kovacic, Marijan, Liebermann, Christof, Limonta, Mara, Lužar-Oberiter, Borna, Markovic, Frane, Melcher, Frank, Miklós, Dóra Georgina, Moghalu, Ogechukwu, Mounteney, Ian, Nascimento, Daniel, Novaković, Tea, Obbágy, Gabriella, Oehlke, Mathias, Omma, Jenny, Onuk, Peter, Passchier, Sandra, Pfaff, Katharina, Lincoñir, Luisa Pinto, Power, Matthew, Razum, Ivan, Resentini, Alberto, Sági, Tamás, Salata, Dorota, Salgueiro, Rute, Schönig, Jan, Sitnikova, Maria, Sternal, Beata, Szakmány, György, Szokaluk, Monika, Thamó-Bozsó, Edit, Tóth, Ágoston, Tremblay, Jonathan, Verhaegen, Jasper, Villaseñor, Tania, Wagreich, Michael, Wolf, Anna, and Yoshida, Kohki

Published
2020
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5. Centimeter to decimeter hollow concretions and voids in Gale Crater sediments, Mars

Author

Wiens, Roger C., Rubin, David M., Goetz, Walter, Fairén, Alberto G., Schwenzer, Susanne P., Johnson, Jeffrey R., Milliken, Ralph, Clark, Ben, Mangold, Nicolas, Stack, Kathryn M., Oehler, Dorothy, Rowland, Scott, Chan, Marjorie, Vaniman, David, Maurice, Sylvestre, Gasnault, Olivier, Rapin, William, Schroeder, Susanne, Clegg, Sam, Forni, Olivier, Blaney, Diana, Cousin, Agnes, Payré, Valerie, Fabre, Cecile, Nachon, Marion, Le Mouelic, Stephane, Sautter, Violaine, Johnstone, Stephen, Calef, Fred, Vasavada, Ashwin R., and Grotzinger, John P.

Published
2017
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6. Detection of Copper by the ChemCam Instrument Along Curiosity's Traverse in Gale Crater, Mars: Elevated Abundances in Glen Torridon

Author

Goetz, Walter, primary, Dehouck, Erwin, additional, Gasda, Patrick J., additional, Johnson, Jeffrey R., additional, Meslin, Pierre‐Yves, additional, Lanza, Nina L., additional, Wiens, Roger C., additional, Rapin, William, additional, Frydenvang, Jens, additional, Payré, Valerie, additional, and Gasnault, Olivier, additional

Published
2023
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8. Detection of Copper by the ChemCam Instrument Along Curiosity's Traverse in Gale Crater, Mars:Elevated Abundances in Glen Torridon

Author

Goetz, Walter, Dehouck, Erwin, Gasda, Patrick J., Johnson, Jeffrey R., Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Lanza, Nina L., Wiens, Roger C., Rapin, William, Frydenvang, Jens, Payré, Valerie, Gasnault, Olivier, Goetz, Walter, Dehouck, Erwin, Gasda, Patrick J., Johnson, Jeffrey R., Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Lanza, Nina L., Wiens, Roger C., Rapin, William, Frydenvang, Jens, Payré, Valerie, and Gasnault, Olivier

Abstract

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, as utilized by the ChemCam instrument onboard the Curiosity rover, detected enhanced abundances of the element copper. Since landing in Gale crater (August 6, 2012) 10 enhancements in copper abundance were observed during 3007 Martian days (sols) of rover operations and 24 km of driving (as of January 20, 2021). The most prominent ones were found in the Kimberley area on the crater floor (Aeolis Palus) and in Glen Torridon on the lower flanks of Aeolis Mons (Mt. Sharp). Enhancements in copper record the former existence of modestly acidic and oxidizing fluids, which were more oxidizing in Kimberley than in Glen Torridon. Of the two main types of bedrock in the lowest part of Glen Torridon, Mg-rich ‘coherent’ and K-rich ‘rubbly’ (named based on their outcrop expression), copper was only detected in coherent, not in rubbly bedrock. The difference between these two types of bedrock may be due to difference in provenance. Alternatively, based on a recently developed lacustrine-groundwater mixing model, we suggest that rubbly bedrock was altered by modestly acidic, shallow-subsurface lake water that leached out both copper and manganese, while coherent bedrock was affected by dominantly alkaline fluids which would be consistent with its mineralogical composition (including siderite) as returned by the CheMin instrument onboard the rover. Higher up in Glen Torridon, ChemCam data indicated significant gradients in copper concentration in coherent bedrock on a local scale of only few meters, which suggests a different alteration style and possibly different types of diagenetic fluids.

Published
2023

9. Overview of the Morphology and Chemistry of Diagenetic Features in the Clay‐Rich Glen Torridon Unit of Gale Crater, Mars

Author

Gasda, Patrick J., primary, Comellas, Jade, additional, Essunfeld, Ari, additional, Das, Debarati, additional, Bryk, Alexander B., additional, Dehouck, Erwin, additional, Schwenzer, Susanne P., additional, Crossey, Laura, additional, Herkenhoff, Kenneth, additional, Johnson, Jeffrey R., additional, Newsom, Horton, additional, Lanza, Nina L., additional, Rapin, William, additional, Goetz, Walter, additional, Meslin, Pierre‐Yves, additional, Bridges, John C., additional, Anderson, Ryan, additional, David, Gael, additional, Turner, Stuart M. R., additional, Thorpe, Michael T., additional, Kah, Linda, additional, Frydenvang, Jens, additional, Kronyak, Rachel, additional, Caravaca, Gwénaël, additional, Ollila, Ann, additional, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, additional, Nellessen, Matthew, additional, Hoffman, Megan, additional, Fey, Deirdra, additional, Cousin, Anges, additional, Wiens, Roger C., additional, Clegg, Samuel M., additional, Maurice, Sylvestre, additional, Gasnault, Olivier, additional, Delapp, Dorothea, additional, and Reyes‐Newell, Adriana, additional

Published
2022
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11. Overview of the Morphology and Chemistry of Diagenetic Features in the Clay-Rich Glen Torridon Unit of Gale Crater, Mars

Author

Gasda, Patrick J., Comellas, Jade, Essunfeld, Ari, Das, Debarati, Bryk, Alexander B., Dehouck, Erwin, Schwenzer, Susanne P., Crossey, Laura, Herkenhoff, Kenneth, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Newsom, Horton, Lanza, Nina L., Rapin, William, Goetz, Walter, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Bridges, John C., Anderson, Ryan, David, Gael, Turner, Stuart M. R., Thorpe, Michael T., Kah, Linda, Frydenvang, Jens, Kronyak, Rachel, Caravaca, Gwénaël, Ollila, Ann, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Nellessen, Matthew, Hoffman, Megan, Fey, Deirdra, Cousin, Anges, Wiens, Roger C., Clegg, Samuel M., Maurice, Sylvestre, Gasnault, Olivier, Delapp, Dorothea, Reyes-Newell, Adriana, Gasda, Patrick J., Comellas, Jade, Essunfeld, Ari, Das, Debarati, Bryk, Alexander B., Dehouck, Erwin, Schwenzer, Susanne P., Crossey, Laura, Herkenhoff, Kenneth, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Newsom, Horton, Lanza, Nina L., Rapin, William, Goetz, Walter, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Bridges, John C., Anderson, Ryan, David, Gael, Turner, Stuart M. R., Thorpe, Michael T., Kah, Linda, Frydenvang, Jens, Kronyak, Rachel, Caravaca, Gwénaël, Ollila, Ann, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Nellessen, Matthew, Hoffman, Megan, Fey, Deirdra, Cousin, Anges, Wiens, Roger C., Clegg, Samuel M., Maurice, Sylvestre, Gasnault, Olivier, Delapp, Dorothea, and Reyes-Newell, Adriana

Abstract

The clay-rich Glen Torridon region of Gale crater, Mars, was explored between sols 2300 and 3007. Here, we analyzed the diagenetic features observed by Curiosity, including veins, cements, nodules, and nodular bedrock, using the ChemCam, Mastcam, and Mars Hand Lens Imager instruments. We discovered many diagenetic features in Glen Torridon, including dark-toned iron- and manganese-rich veins, magnesium- and fluorine-rich linear features, Ca-sulfate cemented bedrock, manganese-rich nodules, and iron-rich strata. We have characterized the chemistry and morphology of these features, which are most widespread in the higher stratigraphic members in Glen Torridon, and exhibit a wide range of chemistries. These discoveries are strong evidence for multiple generations of fluids from multiple chemical endmembers that likely underwent redox reactions to form some of these features. In a few cases, we may be able to use mineralogy and chemistry to constrain formation conditions of the diagenetic features. For example, the dark-toned veins likely formed in warmer, highly alkaline, and highly reducing conditions, while manganese-rich nodules likely formed in oxidizing and circumneutral conditions. We also hypothesize that an initial enrichment of soluble elements, including fluorine, occurred during hydrothermal alteration early in Gale crater history to account for elemental enrichment in nodules and veins. The presence of redox-active elements, including Fe and Mn, and elements required for life, including P and S, in these fluids is strong evidence for habitability of Gale crater groundwater. Hydrothermal alteration also has interesting implications for prebiotic chemistry during the earliest stages of the crater's evolution and early Mars.

Published
2022

14. MOMA: The Challenge to Search for Organics and Biosignatures on Mars

Author

Goetz, Walter, Brinckerhoff, W. B, Arevalo, R., Jr, Freissinet, C, Getty, S, Glavin, D. P, Siljestroem, S, Buch, A, Stalport, F, Grubisic, A, Li, X, Pinnick, V, Danell, R, van Amerom, F. H. W, Goesmann, F, Steininger, H, Grand, N, Raulin, F, Szopa, C, Meierhenrich, U, and Brucato, J. R

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

This paper describes strategies to search for, detect, and identify organic material on the surface and subsurface of Mars. The strategies described include those applied by landed missions in the past and those that will be applied in the future. The value and role of ESA's ExoMars rover and of her key science instrument Mars Organic Molecule Analyzer (MOMA) are critically assessed.

Published
2016
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16. Meinungen unserer Leser

Author

Fabian, Dirk-Raetzel, Dietrich-Götz, Walter, Keller, Béatrice J., Weckesser, Wolf-Dieter, Lelarge, Günter, Gerber, Christoph, Richter, Udo, Zenger, D., and Weber, Charles

Published
2000

17. Curiosity’s Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) Investigation

Author

Edgett, Kenneth S., Yingst, R. Aileen, Ravine, Michael A., Caplinger, Michael A., Maki, Justin N., Ghaemi, F. Tony, Schaffner, Jacob A., Bell, III, James F., Edwards, Laurence J., Herkenhoff, Kenneth E., Heydari, Ezat, Kah, Linda C., Lemmon, Mark T., Minitti, Michelle E., Olson, Timothy S., Parker, Timothy J., Rowland, Scott K., Schieber, Juergen, Sullivan, Robert J., Sumner, Dawn Y., Thomas, Peter C., Jensen, Elsa H., Simmonds, John J., Sengstacken, Aaron J., Willson, Reg G., and Goetz, Walter

Published
2012
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18. Differences in carbon emissions reduction between countries pursuing renewable electricity versus nuclear power

Author

Benjamin K. Sovacool, Gordon MacKerron, Andrew Stirling, Patrick Schmid, and Goetz Walter

Subjects
Natural resource economics, business.industry, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, Negative association, Nuclear power, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Renewable energy, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Reduction (complexity), Electricity generation, Fuel Technology, Greenhouse gas, Environmental science, Electricity, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Two of the most widely emphasized contenders for carbon emissions reduction in the electricity sector are nuclear power and renewable energy. While scenarios regularly question the potential impacts of adoption of various technology mixes in the future, it is less clear which technology has been associated with greater historical emission reductions. Here, we use multiple regression analyses on global datasets of national carbon emissions and renewable and nuclear electricity production across 123 countries over 25 years to examine systematically patterns in how countries variously using nuclear power and renewables contrastingly show higher or lower carbon emissions. We find that larger-scale national nuclear attachments do not tend to associate with significantly lower carbon emissions while renewables do. We also find a negative association between the scales of national nuclear and renewables attachments. This suggests nuclear and renewables attachments tend to crowd each other out. Nuclear and renewable energy are considered two of the most important technologies towards decarbonization though it is not clear how their adoption relates to national emission reductions. Sovacool et al. look at data from 123 countries to examine emission reductions associated with nuclear- or renewable energy-focused strategies.

Published
2020

19. Comparability of heavy mineral data – The first interlaboratory round robin test

Author

Dunkl, I, von Eynatten, H, Andò, S, Lünsdorf, K, Morton, A, Alexander, B, Aradi, L, Augustsson, C, Bahlburg, H, Barbarano, M, Benedictus, A, Berndt, J, Bitz, I, Boekhout, F, Breitfeld, T, Cascalho, J, Costa, P, Ekwenye, O, Fehér, K, Flores-Aqueveque, V, Führing, P, Giannini, P, Goetz, W, Guedes, C, Gyurica, G, Hennig-Breitfeld, J, Hülscher, J, Jafarzadeh, M, Jagodziński, R, Józsa, S, Kelemen, P, Keulen, N, Kovacic, M, Liebermann, C, Limonta, M, Lužar-Oberiter, B, Markovic, F, Melcher, F, Miklós, D, Moghalu, O, Mounteney, I, Nascimento, D, Novaković, T, Obbágy, G, Oehlke, M, Omma, J, Onuk, P, Passchier, S, Pfaff, K, Lincoñir, L, Power, M, Razum, I, Resentini, A, Sági, T, Salata, D, Salgueiro, R, Schönig, J, Sitnikova, M, Sternal, B, Szakmány, G, Szokaluk, M, Thamó-Bozsó, E, Tóth, Á, Tremblay, J, Verhaegen, J, Villaseñor, T, Wagreich, M, Wolf, A, Yoshida, K, Dunkl, István, von Eynatten, Hilmar, Andò, Sergio, Lünsdorf, Keno, Morton, Andrew, Alexander, Bruce, Aradi, László, Augustsson, Carita, Bahlburg, Heinrich, Barbarano, Marta, Benedictus, Aukje, Berndt, Jasper, Bitz, Irene, Boekhout, Flora, Breitfeld, Tim, Cascalho, João, Costa, Pedro J. M., Ekwenye, Ogechi, Fehér, Kristóf, Flores-Aqueveque, Valentina, Führing, Philipp, Giannini, Paulo, Goetz, Walter, Guedes, Carlos, Gyurica, György, Hennig-Breitfeld, Juliane, Hülscher, Julian, Jafarzadeh, Mahdi, Jagodziński, Robert, Józsa, Sándor, Kelemen, Péter, Keulen, Nynke, Kovacic, Marijan, Liebermann, Christof, Limonta, Mara, Lužar-Oberiter, Borna, Markovic, Frane, Melcher, Frank, Miklós, Dóra Georgina, Moghalu, Ogechukwu, Mounteney, Ian, Nascimento, Daniel, Novaković, Tea, Obbágy, Gabriella, Oehlke, Mathias, Omma, Jenny, Onuk, Peter, Passchier, Sandra, Pfaff, Katharina, Lincoñir, Luisa Pinto, Power, Matthew, Razum, Ivan, Resentini, Alberto, Sági, Tamás, Salata, Dorota, Salgueiro, Rute, Schönig, Jan, Sitnikova, Maria, Sternal, Beata, Szakmány, György, Szokaluk, Monika, Thamó-Bozsó, Edit, Tóth, Ágoston, Tremblay, Jonathan, Verhaegen, Jasper, Villaseñor, Tania, Wagreich, Michael, Wolf, Anna, Yoshida, Kohki, Dunkl, I, von Eynatten, H, Andò, S, Lünsdorf, K, Morton, A, Alexander, B, Aradi, L, Augustsson, C, Bahlburg, H, Barbarano, M, Benedictus, A, Berndt, J, Bitz, I, Boekhout, F, Breitfeld, T, Cascalho, J, Costa, P, Ekwenye, O, Fehér, K, Flores-Aqueveque, V, Führing, P, Giannini, P, Goetz, W, Guedes, C, Gyurica, G, Hennig-Breitfeld, J, Hülscher, J, Jafarzadeh, M, Jagodziński, R, Józsa, S, Kelemen, P, Keulen, N, Kovacic, M, Liebermann, C, Limonta, M, Lužar-Oberiter, B, Markovic, F, Melcher, F, Miklós, D, Moghalu, O, Mounteney, I, Nascimento, D, Novaković, T, Obbágy, G, Oehlke, M, Omma, J, Onuk, P, Passchier, S, Pfaff, K, Lincoñir, L, Power, M, Razum, I, Resentini, A, Sági, T, Salata, D, Salgueiro, R, Schönig, J, Sitnikova, M, Sternal, B, Szakmány, G, Szokaluk, M, Thamó-Bozsó, E, Tóth, Á, Tremblay, J, Verhaegen, J, Villaseñor, T, Wagreich, M, Wolf, A, Yoshida, K, Dunkl, István, von Eynatten, Hilmar, Andò, Sergio, Lünsdorf, Keno, Morton, Andrew, Alexander, Bruce, Aradi, László, Augustsson, Carita, Bahlburg, Heinrich, Barbarano, Marta, Benedictus, Aukje, Berndt, Jasper, Bitz, Irene, Boekhout, Flora, Breitfeld, Tim, Cascalho, João, Costa, Pedro J. M., Ekwenye, Ogechi, Fehér, Kristóf, Flores-Aqueveque, Valentina, Führing, Philipp, Giannini, Paulo, Goetz, Walter, Guedes, Carlos, Gyurica, György, Hennig-Breitfeld, Juliane, Hülscher, Julian, Jafarzadeh, Mahdi, Jagodziński, Robert, Józsa, Sándor, Kelemen, Péter, Keulen, Nynke, Kovacic, Marijan, Liebermann, Christof, Limonta, Mara, Lužar-Oberiter, Borna, Markovic, Frane, Melcher, Frank, Miklós, Dóra Georgina, Moghalu, Ogechukwu, Mounteney, Ian, Nascimento, Daniel, Novaković, Tea, Obbágy, Gabriella, Oehlke, Mathias, Omma, Jenny, Onuk, Peter, Passchier, Sandra, Pfaff, Katharina, Lincoñir, Luisa Pinto, Power, Matthew, Razum, Ivan, Resentini, Alberto, Sági, Tamás, Salata, Dorota, Salgueiro, Rute, Schönig, Jan, Sitnikova, Maria, Sternal, Beata, Szakmány, György, Szokaluk, Monika, Thamó-Bozsó, Edit, Tóth, Ágoston, Tremblay, Jonathan, Verhaegen, Jasper, Villaseñor, Tania, Wagreich, Michael, Wolf, Anna, and Yoshida, Kohki

Abstract

Heavy minerals are typically rare but important components of siliciclastic sediments and rocks. Their abundance, proportions, and variability carry valuable information on source rocks, climatic, environmental and transport conditions between source to sink, and diagenetic processes. They are important for practical purposes such as prospecting for mineral resources or the correlation and interpretation of geologic reservoirs. Despite the extensive use of heavy mineral analysis in sedimentary petrography and quite diverse methods for quantifying heavy mineral assemblages, there has never been a systematic comparison of results obtained by different methods and/or operators. This study provides the first interlaboratory test of heavy mineral analysis. Two synthetic heavy mineral samples were prepared with considerably contrasting compositions intended to resemble natural samples. The contributors were requested to provide (i) metadata describing methods, measurement conditions and experience of the operators and (ii) results tables with mineral species and grain counts. One hundred thirty analyses of the two samples were performed by 67 contributors, encompassing both classical microscopic analyses and data obtained by emerging automated techniques based on electron-beam chemical analysis or Raman spectroscopy. Because relatively low numbers of mineral counts (N) are typical for optical analyses while automated techniques allow for high N, the results vary considerably with respect to the Poisson uncertainty of the counting statistics. Therefore standard methods used in evaluation of round robin tests are not feasible. In our case the ‘true’ compositions of the test samples are not known. Three methods have been applied to determine possible reference values: (i) the initially measured weight percentages, (ii) calculation of grain percentages using estimates of grain volumes and densities, and (iii) the best-match average calculated from the most reliable analyses f

Published
2020

20. Indication of drier periods on Mars from the chemistry and mineralogy of atmospheric dust

Author

Goetz, Walter, Bertelsen, Preben, Binau, Charlotte S., Gunnlaugsson, Haraldur P., Hviid, Stubbe F., Kinch, Kjartan M., Madsen, Daniel E., Madsen, Morten B., Olsen, Malte, Gellert, Ralf, Klingelhofer, Gostar, Ming, Douglas W., Morris, Richard V., Rieder, Rudolf, Rodionov, Daniel S., de Souza, Jr, Paulo A., Schroder, Christian, Squyres, Steve W., Wdowiak, Tom, and Yen, Albert

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): Walter Goetz (corresponding author) [1]; Preben Bertelsen [2]; Charlotte S. Binau [2]; Haraldur P. Gunnlaugsson [3]; Stubbe F. Hviid [1]; Kjartan M. Kinch [3]; Daniel E. Madsen [2]; Morten [...]

Published
2005
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21. Curiosity’s Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) Investigation

Author

Edgett, Kenneth S., primary, Yingst, R. Aileen, additional, Ravine, Michael A., additional, Caplinger, Michael A., additional, Maki, Justin N., additional, Ghaemi, F. Tony, additional, Schaffner, Jacob A., additional, Bell, James F., additional, Edwards, Laurence J., additional, Herkenhoff, Kenneth E., additional, Heydari, Ezat, additional, Kah, Linda C., additional, Lemmon, Mark T., additional, Minitti, Michelle E., additional, Olson, Timothy S., additional, Parker, Timothy J., additional, Rowland, Scott K., additional, Schieber, Juergen, additional, Sullivan, Robert J., additional, Sumner, Dawn Y., additional, Thomas, Peter C., additional, Jensen, Elsa H., additional, Simmonds, John J., additional, Sengstacken, Aaron J., additional, Willson, Reg G., additional, and Goetz, Walter, additional

Published
2012
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22. Coordinated Analyses of Antarctic Sediments as Mars Analog Materials Using Reflectance Spectroscopy and Current Flight-Like Instruments for CheMin, SAM and MOMA

Author

Bishop, Janice L, Franz, Heather B, Goetz, Walter, Blake, David F, Freissinet, Caroline, Steininger, Harald, Goesmann, Fred, Brinckerhoff, William B, Getty, Stephanie, Pinnick, Veronica T, Mahaffy, Paul R, and Dyar, M. Darby

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

Coordinated analyses of mineralogy and chemistry of sediments from the Antarctic Dry Valleys illustrate how data obtained using flight-ready technology of current NASA and ESA missions can be combined for greater understanding of the samples. Mineralogy was measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and visible/ near-infrared (VNIR) reflectance spectroscopy. Chemical analyses utilized a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) to perform pyrolysis-evolved gas analysis (EGA) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) both with and without derivatization, as well as laser desorption-mass spectrometry (LD/MS) techniques. These analyses are designed to demonstrate some of the capabilities of near-term landed Mars missions, to provide ground truthing of VNIR reflectance data acquired from orbit by the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) on MRO and to provide detection limits for surface- operated instruments: the Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin) and Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suites onboard Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) and the Mars Organic Molecule Analyzer (MOMA) onboard ExoMars-2018. The new data from this study are compared with previous analyses of the sediments performed with other techniques. Tremolite was found in the oxic region samples for the first time using the CheMin-like XRD instrument. The NIR spectral features of tremolite are consistent with those observed in these samples. Although the tremolite bands are weak in spectra of these samples, spectral features near 2.32 and 2.39 micrometers could be detected by CRISM if tremolite is present on the martian surface. Allophane was found to be a good match to weak NIR features at 1.37-1.41, 1.92, and 2.19 micrometers in spectra of the oxic region sediments and is a common component of immature volcanic soils. Biogenic methane was found to be associated with calcite in the oxic region samples by the SAM/EGA instrument and a phosphoric acid derivative was found in the anoxic region sample using the SAM/MTBSTFA technique.

Published
2013

26. Variable selection in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy assisted by multivariate analysis: An alternative to multi-peak fitting

Author

Guezenoc, Julian, Syvilay, Delphine, Cousin, Agnes, Gallet-Budynek, Anne, Bousquet, Bruno, Payré, Valérie, Sautter, Violaine, Cousin, Agnès, Mangold, Nicolas, Deit, Laetitia Le, Forni, Olivier, Goetz, Walter, Wiens, Roger, Gasnault, Olivier, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Lasue, Jérémie, Rapin, William, Clark, Ben, Nachon, Marion, Lanza, Nina, Maurice, Sylvestre, Vanderhaeghe, Olivier, Guergouz, Célia, Fabre, Cécile, Duchêne, Stéphanie, Baratoux, David, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Rice University [Houston], GeoRessources, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_element, PLS, Overfitting, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Plot (graphics), Analytical Chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Range (statistics), Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mathematics, 010302 applied physics, LIBS, multi-peak fitting, quantitative analysis, 010401 analytical chemistry, Univariate, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Lithium, Biological system, [STAT.ME]Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME], variable selection
Abstract

International audience; When Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) spectra exhibit complex spectral features as the result of two or more overlapping emission lines, it is common to apply multi-peak fitting in order to extract the relevant information. In this paper, we propose an alternative method to multi-peak fitting based on advanced data processing. To illustrate this new strategy, we consider the quantification of lithium from a series of spectra related to samples being part of the calibration samples for the ChemCam instrument dedicated to the analysis of Mars geological matrices. In this case, one can observe a spectral overlap between the unresolved doublet of lithium at 670.78 and 670.79 nm and the line of calcium at 671.769 nm. A first PLS model built from 1713 variables related to the spectral range 492.7-856.8 nm revealed the strong influence of this doublet of lithium but also a significant overfitting and instabilities preventing from any exploitation of this model. Reducing the number of variables to 17 corresponding to the spectral window 669.07-672.49 nm then allowed to build a 3-component PLS model characterized by the apparently satisfying indicators, R-2 = 0.95 and RMSECV = 11 ppm. However, this model was not considered as satisfying due to the significant nonlinearity between LIBS signal and concentration values, which it was unable to describe, since it is linear by definition. Thus, our PLS model was exploited through the loading weights plot of the first component, explaining > 84% of the variance of the lithium concentration values, which allowed to select the 9 variables exhibiting the highest correlation with the lithium concentration values. Then, the sum of the related values of intensity was exploited to build a univariate quadratic model, characterized by R-2 = 0.93 and RMSECV = 17 ppm. Comparing this result with the previous results obtained after multi-peak fitting, namely R-2 = 0.92 and RMSECV = 18 ppm, we conclude that our alternative approach can be considered as a satisfactory option.

Published
2019

27. A cellular 65-kDa protein recognizes the g\negative regulatory element of human papillomavirus late mRNA

Author

Dietrich-Goetz, Walter, Kennedy, Iain M., Levins, Beth, Stanley, Margaret A., and Clements, J. Barklie

Subjects
Promoters (Genetics) -- Research, Papillomaviruses -- Genetic aspects, Biological transport, Active -- Regulation, Membrane disorders -- Research, Messenger RNA -- Research, Science and technology
Abstract

Papillomavirus late gene expression is tightly linked to the differentiation state of the host cell. Levels of late mRNAs are only in part controlled by regulation of the late promoter, other posttranscriptional mechanisms exist that reduce the amount of late mRNA in undifferentiated cells. Previously we described a negative regulatory element (NRE) located upstream of the human papillomavirus type 16 late poly(A) site. We have delineated the NRE to a 79-nt region in which a G+U-rich region was the major determinant of NRE activity. UV-crosslinking assays identified a prominent nuclear protein of 65 kda as the only factor in close contact with the NRE, and a complex of at least five proteins, including the 65-kDa protein, was enriched on NRE-RNA. Binding of the 65-kDa protein was depleted by preincubation with poly(U) Sepharose in high salt, a property characteristic of the U2 small nuclear ribonucleo-protein auxiliary factor U2A[F.sup.65] and bacterially expressed U2A[F.sup.65] exhibited NRE binding. The 65-kDa protein bound to the G+U-rich NRE 3[prime] half which shows homology to the B2P2 sequence a known U2A[F.sup.65] binding site in the [Alpha]-tropomyosin gene, and the G+U-rich element can be replaced by B2P2 in the binding assay. Treatment of cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate reduced binding of the 65-kDa protein, induced NRE binding of a cytoplasmic protein, and relieved the NRE block on reporter gene expression.

Published
1997

28. Flight Integration and Test of the Mars Organic Molecule Analyzer (MOMA)

Author

Brinckerhoff, William, Pinnick, Veronica, Grubisic, Andrej, Kaplan, Desmond, Danell, Ryan, van Amerom, Friso, Getty, Stéphanie, Li, Xiang, Arevalo, Ricardo, Freissinet, Caroline, Chu, Zhiping, Castillo, Marco, Johnson, Chris, Szopa, Cyril, Stalport, Fabien, Buch, Arnaud, Allain, Tristan, Grand, Noel, Raulin, Francois, Goetz, Walter, Steininger, Harald, Goesmann, Fred, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology [GSFC] (CRESST), KapScience LLC, Danell Consulting Inc., Mini-Mass Consulting, Inc., Department of Geology [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, IMPEC - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux - EA 4038 (LGPM), CentraleSupélec, Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Buch, Arnaud, PLANETO - LATMOS, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.ASTR.IM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU.STU.PL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM]
Abstract

International audience; The Mars Organic Molecule Ana-lyzer (MOMA) investigation [1] on the 2020 ExoMars rover [2] will examine the molecular composition of crushed samples acquired from depths of up to two meters below the martian surface, where organics may have been protected from radiative and oxidative degradation [3,4]. MOMA combines pyrolysis-gas chro-matography/mass spectrometry (pyr-GCMS), both with and without chemical derivatization, and laser desorption mass spectrometry (LDMS), in coordination with the other investigations in the rover's Pasteur Payload, particularly the Raman [5] and MicrOmega [6] instruments. With its two modes, MOMA detects compounds over a wide range of molecular weight, volatility, and mineralological association.

Published
2018

29. The challenge to search for organics and biosignatures on mars by the Exomars-2020 Rover

Author

Goetz, Walter, Goesmann, F., Brinckerhoff, W., Raulin, François, Szopa, Cyril, Freissinet, Caroline, Buch, A., Siljeström, S., Brucato, J., Danell, R., Getty, S., Mißbach, H., Steininger, H., Grubisic, A., Pinnick, V., Stalport, F., Schulte, M., Glavin, D., Li, Xiaojian, Van Amerom, F., Vago, J., Buch, Arnaud, Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux - EA 4038 (LGPM), CentraleSupélec, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (OAA), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Danell Consulting Inc., NASA Headquarters, University of Maryland [Baltimore County] (UMBC), University of Maryland System, Mini-Mass Consulting, Inc., Agence Spatiale Européenne (ESA), European Space Agency (ESA), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMPEC - LATMOS, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU.STU.PL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

31. Copper enrichments in the Kimberley formation in Gale crater, Mars: Evidence for a Cu deposit at the source

Author

Payré, Valérie, primary, Fabre, Cécile, additional, Sautter, Violaine, additional, Cousin, Agnès, additional, Mangold, Nicolas, additional, Deit, Laetitia Le, additional, Forni, Olivier, additional, Goetz, Walter, additional, Wiens, Roger C., additional, Gasnault, Olivier, additional, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, additional, Lasue, Jérémie, additional, Rapin, William, additional, Clark, Ben, additional, Nachon, Marion, additional, Lanza, Nina L., additional, and Maurice, Sylvestre, additional

Published
2019
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35. How TMAH Thermochemolysis can improve the detection of trace organic matter on Mars using the MOMA-Pyr-GC-MS experiment aboard the ExoMars-2020

Author

Morisson, Marietta, Buch, Arnaud, Szopa, Cyril, Freissinet, Caroline, Raulin, François, Pinnick, Veronica, Glavin, Daniel, Goetz, Walter, Grand, Noël, Stalport, Fabien, Stambouli, Moncef, Steininger, Harald, Brinckerhoff, William B., Goesmann, Fred, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux - EA 4038 (LGPM), CentraleSupélec, PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Identités et Différenciation de l'Environnement des Espaces et des Sociétés (IDEES), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Identité et Différenciation de l’Espace, de l’Environnement et des Sociétés (IDEES), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société (IRIHS), Normandie Université (NU), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Malinowska, Barbara, IMPEC - LATMOS, and Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], [CHIM.ANAL] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [SDU.ASTR.IM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [CHIM] Chemical Sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM]
Abstract

International audience; The Mars Organic Molecule Ana-lyzer (MOMA) experiment aboard the future ExoMars2020mission will be the continuation of the search for the organic composition of the Mars surface. The mainadvantage of Exomars is that the sample will be ex-tracted as deep as 2 meters belowthemartian surfaceand is expected to be preserved fromtheeffects of ra-diation and oxidation onorganic materials. To analyze the wide range of potential organic composition (vola-tile and non volatilecompounds) of the martian soil,the MOMA instrument utilizes bothUV laser desorp-tion / ionization (LDI) andpyrolysis gas chromatog-raphy ion trap mass spectrometry (pyr-GC-ITMS). In order to analyse refractory organic compounds,and charactize the enantiomeric ratio for the chiral species,the sample can be submittedto a derivatization pro-cess, consisting of the reaction of the sample compo-nents with specific reactantsselected for MOMA.

Published
2017

36. Mars Organic Molecule Analyzer (MOMA) Flight Model Qualification

Author

Brinckerhoff, William, Pinnick, Veronica, Danell, Ryan, van Amerom, Friso, Arevalo, Ricardo, Grubisic, Andrej, Li, Xiang, Freissinet, Caroline, Chu, Zhiping, Castillo, Marco, Johnson, Chris, Szopa, Cyril, Stalport, Fabien, Buch, Arnaud, Allain, Tristan, Grand, Noël, Raulin, François, Goetz, Walter, Steininger, Harald, Goesmann, Fred, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology [GSFC] (CRESST), Danell Consulting Inc., Mini-Mass Consulting, Inc., PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux - EA 4038 (LGPM), CentraleSupélec, Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, IMPEC - LATMOS, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Buch, Arnaud, and Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.PG] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology
Abstract

International audience; Introduction: The Mars Organic Molecule Ana-lyzer (MOMA) investigation on the 2020 ExoMars rover will examine the molecular composition of samples acquired from depths of up to two meters below the martian surface, where organics may have been protected from radiative and oxidative degradation [1,2]. The clay-rich rock exposures accessible in Oxia Planum, the preferred landing zone, will provide an excellent opportunity to sample ancient material for organics analysis. MOMA incorporates both pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (pyr-GCMS) and laser desorption mass spectrometry (LDMS) modes of operation, and is designed to work in concert with the other investigations in the rover's Pasteur Payload, particularly the Raman [3] and MicrOmega [4] instruments that analyze common drill samples presented on a carousel. With two modes, MOMA detects compounds over a wide range of molecular weight, volatility, and mineralological association [5]. Implementation of GCMS and LDMS Modes: GCMS mode is operated analogously to the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) investigation on Curiosity. Samples are sealed into ovens and heated to 850° C. Analyte gases, entrained in He, flow through the GC system to the MS. The GC includes two cooled hydrocarbon traps (Tenax and Carbosieve) that are opened after major water evolution (above 100° C) but prior to organic thermodesorption (from ~300° C up to > 500° C). Trapped organics are injected onto one of four columns and eluted over a temperature ramp to the MS electron ionization (EI) source. GCMS analyzes compounds of high-to-moderate volatility (enthalpies of vaporization !H V ≤ 50 kJ mol-1) such as alkanes, amines, and lighter carboxylic and amino acids and aromatic species. Derivatization agent present in some ovens enables detection of the higher !H V and polar species over the full GCMS m/z range of 50-500 Da. In LDMS mode, molecules are desorbed and ionized directly from powder samples with a pulsed UV laser (266 nm, 1 ns duration) at Mars ambient pressures. Parent molecular cations, and their fragments, enter the MS through a fast aperture valve that closes

Published
2017

45. Vermischtes

Author

Loserth, J. and Goetz, Walter

Published
1900

50. Characterization of Mineral Targets by Laser Desorption and Ionization in Preparation of the MOMA Investigation Onboard the ExoMars-2018 Rover

Author

Goetz, Walter, Arevalo, Ricardo, Pinnick, Veronica, Danell, Ryan, Getty, Stéphanie, Oehlke, M., John, H., Li, Xiaojian, Grubisic, A., Brinckerhoff, W., Steininger, Harald, Goesmann, Fred, Siljeström, S., Raulin, François, Szopa, Cyril, Buch, Arnaud, Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Danell Consulting Inc., SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux - EA 4038 (LGPM), CentraleSupélec, Cardon, Catherine, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMPEC - LATMOS, and Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS)

Subjects
[SDU.ASTR.IM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM]
Abstract

International audience; The MOMA instrument (Mars Organic Molecule Analyzer [1]) onboard the ESA-Roskosmos led ExoMars-2018 rover mission shall investigate Martian near-surface samples by Laser De-sorption and Ionization (LDI). This experimental technique uses UV laser impact to ablate molecular fragments that shall be analyzed by mass spectrometry and is thus geared towards characterization of the organic inventory in Martian subsurface samples. Here we present an end-to-end LDI experiment performed on a small (though diverse) set of terrestrial inorganic samples (minerals). The experiment has the following goals: (1) explore the possibility to identify minerals by LDI, (2) characterize the physical interaction between laser and mineral by measuring the average mass of ablated material per laser shot, and (3) present data acquired by the MOMA engineering test unit (ETU) at NASA GSFC. The recorded mass peaks are part of the " background " that will be encountered during any in situ measurement on the surface of Mars and in which peaks of organic compounds are embedded. Hence such data contribute to a reference data set that will be important to interpret complex spectra of any organic-bearing sedimentary rocks on Mars.

Published
2016

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