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Background: The definitive diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal disorders depends on histopathological confirmation and is the basis for planning treatment. Aim: To study the spectrum of lesions of upper git through endoscopic biopsies and determine incidence of H. pylori among gastric lesions through giemsa stain. Material and Methods:A 2 years prospective study was conducted on upper gastrointestinal tract in a sample size of 266 endoscopic biopsies from 257 patients. Clinical data was obtained from hospital records and requisition form submitted along with tissue specimens received in the department and the lesions were classified based on their clinico-morphological findings. Giemsa stain for H pylori wherever required, was applied. Results:Endoscopic biopsies were studied on patients ranging from 04 to 97 years with a male to female ratio of 1.44:1. The most common site of biopsy was Duodenum (36.9%), closely followed by Stomach (34.9%). The histopathology revealed 80.1% non-neoplastic lesions and 19.9% neoplastic lesions.. H. Pylori was found to be associated with 35.3% cases of chronic gastritis. Conclusion:The key principal of gastrointestinal biopsy interpretation is correlation with clinical data and endoscopic information in order to identify the true pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As a paradigm of education that emphasizes equity and social justice, transformative education aims to improve societal structures by inspiring learners to become agents of social change. In an attempt to contribute to transformative education, the University of Toronto MD program implemented a workshop on poverty and health that included tutors with lived experience of poverty. This research aimed to examine how tutors, as members of a group that faces structural oppression, understood their participation in the workshop., Methods: This research drew on qualitative case study methodology and interview data, using the concept of transformative education to direct data analysis and interpretation., Results: Our findings centred around two broad themes: misalignments between transformative learning and the structures of medical education; and unintended consequences of transformative education within the dominant paradigms of medical education. These misalignments and unintended consequences provided insight into how courses operating within the structures, hierarchies and paradigms of medical education may be limited in their potential to contribute to transformative education., Conclusions: To be truly transformative, medical education must be willing to try to modify structures that reinforce oppression rather than integrating marginalized persons into educational processes that maintain social inequity., Competing Interests: Cynthia Whitehead is the holder of the BMO Financial Group Chair in Health Professions Education Research, University Health Network., (© 2022 Cartmill, Whitehead, Ihekwoaba, Goel, Green, Haidar, Harriott, Wright; licensee Synergies Partners.)

Objective: To guide family physicians working in a range of primary care clinical settings on how to provide care and support for patients who are vulnerably housed or experiencing homelessness., Sources of Information: The approach integrates recommendations from evidence-based clinical guidelines, the views of persons with lived experience of homelessness, the theoretical tenets of the Patient's Medical Home framework, and practical lessons learned from family physicians working in a variety of clinical practice settings., Main Message: Family physicians can use simple and effective approaches to identify patients who are homeless or vulnerably housed; take initial steps to initiate access to housing, income assistance, case management, and treatment for substance use; and work collaboratively using trauma-informed and anti-oppressive approaches to better assist individuals with health and social needs. Family physicians also have a powerful advocacy voice and can partner with local community organizations and people with lived experience of homelessness to advocate for policy changes to address social inequities., Conclusion: Family physicians can directly address the physical health, mental health, and social needs of patients who are homeless or vulnerably housed. Moreover, they can champion outreach and onboarding programs that assist individuals who have experienced homelessness in accessing patient medical homes and can advocate for broader action on the underlying structural causes of homelessness., (Copyright© the College of Family Physicians of Canada.)