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This study explores the advancement of aluminum-based composites through the integration of fly ash and silicon carbide (SiC) reinforcement via stir casting. The process involves melting the alloy in a crucible within a muffle furnace at 700°C, gradually introducing fly ash and SiC particles while stirring at 450 rpm for 12 minutes to ensure uniform dispersion. The addition of 5% SiC and 2.5% fly ash led to significant improvements in multiple mechanical properties.Tensile strength experienced a remarkable enhancement of approximately 19.56%, while hardness showcased a substantial increase of about 34.67%. Furthermore, fatigue strength demonstrated a notable improvement of approximately 26.87%, and wear resistance exhibited a significant enhancement of approximately 31.45%. These enhancements underscore the efficacy of integrating fly ash and SiC reinforcement, highlighting the potential for advanced aluminum composites with superior mechanical properties. This approach presents a promising avenue for enhancing material performance, with implications for diverse industrial applications requiring durability, strength, and wear resistance.

In the realm of composite manufacturing, this study delves into the innovative approach of enhancing Aluminum-Based Composite Manufacturing through Si3N4 Reinforcement leveraged via Friction Stir Process (FSP). The FSP technique, executed with precision using a vertical milling machine, intricately fabricates composite materials with unparalleled properties. Meticulously chosen parameters including pin diameter, tool tilt angle, and tool profile, coupled with precise tool traversal and rotation, define the operation. The composite substrate, composed of AA 2024, undergoes stringent cleanliness protocols before Si3N4 powders are strategically placed into a designated groove on the titanium surface for processing. Microscopic examination reveals the uniform dispersion of Si3N4 particles within the aluminum matrix, profoundly enhancing mechanical properties. The tensile strength experiences a remarkable 21.45% improvement, while hardness witnesses a significant enhancement of 36.9%. Additionally, fatigue strength is notably improved by 24.12%, and wear resistance sees a substantial boost of 30.44% following Si3N4 nanoparticle integration via FSP.

AbstractGentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity limits its therapeutic use as an effective aminoglycoside. Herbal drugs have a distinct place in the world of pharmaceuticals since they are safe, effective, and cost-efficient. Acacia nilotica (L.) has long been recognized for its antihypertensive, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiplatelet aggregatory benefits in traditional medicine. Still, the protective effect of Acacia nilotica on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity is still unknown. Thus, the goal of this research was to examine the protection of ethanolic extract of Acacia nilotica (ANE) against nephrotoxicity triggered by Gentamicin.Thirty-six rats were randomly divided into six groups containing six rats in each group. The distilled water were given in control group. The rats in groups two and three were administered metformin and gentamicin respectively. In groups five and six, rats were administered ANE at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg. Ten days of daily treatments were given. The urea, creatinine, uric acid, and LDH levels were analyzed on serum, whereas histological evaluation, MDA, GSH, SOD, CAT, TNF-α, IL-6, and caspase-3, were performed on kidney tissue on day 11. The gentamicin-treated group exhibited a significantly elevated MDA, and lower levels of antioxidant enzymes. Kidney function markers, inflammatory markers and caspase-3 expression were significantly elevated in the gentamicin-treated group. ANE significantly restored kidney function biomarkers, upregulated biochemical levels, inhibited TNF-α, caspase-3, cytokine expression, and reduced histological lesions.In conclusion, ANE has the ability to prevent gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and reduce nephrotoxic damage. As such, it may represent an effective therapy for patients receiving gentamicin treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the realm of mechanical engineering, the adoption and integration of cutting-edge technologies promise unprecedented advancements in material science and production processes. This paper delves into the pioneering realm of Advanced Composite Manufacturing leveraging both Additive Manufacturing (AM) and Robotic Techniques. Exploiting the intrinsic merits of AM, such as enhanced design freedom, reduced lead times, and intricate detailing, the research synergizes these advantages with the precision, speed, and repeatability offered by robotic mechanisms. The culmination of these methods allows for the fabrication of composite structures with unparalleled geometrical intricacy and tailored mechanical properties. Key insights from our exploration involve the optimization of AM parameters for composite materials, robotic path planning for efficient layering, and a holistic technique for integrated process control. Experimental evaluations signify marked improvements in terms of strength-to-weight ratios, production efficiency, and repeatability. Our findings pave the way for a new frontier in composite production, holding significant implications for industries ranging from aerospace to biomedical engineering. This study serves as a foundational step towards a paradigm shift in how we perceive and employ composite manufacturing in a progressively digital age.

In the rapidly evolving realm of advanced materials, multifunctional composites have emerged as a pivotal frontier, offering unprecedented capabilities in structural and functional integration. This research delves into innovative manufacturing techniques tailored for the seamless integration of sensors and actuators within these composites. Traditional manufacturing methods often compromise the intrinsic properties of composites when embedding functional elements. To address this, our study introduces a novel approach that synergistically combines additive manufacturing and nanotechnology, ensuring the preservation of structural integrity while enhancing functionality. We demonstrate that through strategic placement and orientation of sensors and actuators, it is possible to achieve real-time monitoring, adaptive response, and self-healing capabilities in the composite structures. The developed techniques not only bolster the mechanical performance but also endow the composites with smart functionalities, paving the way for their application in next-generation aerospace, automotive, and biomedical sectors. This paper elucidates the underlying principles, the meticulous process optimizations, and potential applications, marking a significant stride in the convergence of materials science and intelligent systems.

Objectives: Pitavastatin is a competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor for lowering of cholesterol level and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of pitavastatin in neuropathic pain induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation along with neuronal changes in Wister rats. Methods: Pitavastatin was started three days prior to the surgery and continued for 14 days The pain was determined by thermal hyperalgesia and cold allodynia. The biochemical changes were estimated at the end of the study. The levels of cytokines were measured using an ELISA test. Western blot analysis was used to detect levels of expression of JNK, p-JNK, ERK, p-ERK, p38MAPK, p-p38MAPK. The sciatic nerve was investigated histopathologically. Key findings: Pitavastatin significantly ameliorated nerve pain induced by PSNL and also attenuated the biochemical changes in a dose-dependent manner. The levels of inflammatory mediators were inhibited by pitavastatin. There was significant improvement in sciatic nerve fibres histology. The levels of p-38, p-ERK, and p-JNK and their associated phosphorylated proteins were reduced after treatment with pitavastatin. Conclusion: The present study indicates that treatment with pitavastatin reversed the PSNL-induced neuropathy in Wister rats and may be an additional therapeutic strategy in the management of neuropathic pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Radha. Goel, Amit. Goel, Anshu. manocha, K. Pillai, Rashmi. Srivastava Objective: The present study describes the effect of nebivolol (NBV) either alone or in combination with lamotrigine (LTG) using [...]

Epilepsy is a disorder of the central nervous system characterized by periodic loss of consciousness with or without convulsions associated with abnormal electrical activity in the brain. In some cases it is due to brain damage, but in most cases the cause is unknown. There are 50 million people living with epilepsy worldwide, and most of them reside in developing countries. About 10 million persons with epilepsy are there in India. Many people with active epilepsy do not receive appropriate treatment for their condition, leading to large treatment gap. The lack of knowledge of antiepileptic drugs, poverty, cultural beliefs, stigma, poor health infrastructure and shortage of trained professionals contribute for the treatment gap. Cholinesterase is generally considered to be critical effectors in brain disorders, however they are also important initiators and effectors of innate immunity and is resident in brain, It has been demonstrated that cholinesterase is degranulated at the site of a lesion it cause brain disorder leading to epilepsy. So acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor inhibits the release of mediators such as cholinesterase thus it may benefit in epilepsy. So anticholinesterase used as adjuent therapy in epilepsy treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that falls under the umbrella of dementia and is characterized by the presence of enormously neurotoxic amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of tau protein inside the brain. AD remains an intractable global health challenge with limited therapeutic options. Early diagnosis, enabled by biomarkers and neuroimaging, is pivotal for optimizing treatment outcomes. Immunotherapeutic strategies, including monoclonal antibodies, active vaccination, and passive immunization, have been developed to target hallmark AD pathology, such as amyloid-beta aggregation. Here we summarized the emerging role of immunotherapies in the early stages of AD, shedding light on recent breakthroughs and clinical progress. Challenges, including treatment response variability and safety concerns, are discussed alongside evolving approaches, such as personalized immunotherapy and combinatorial treatments. This concise review underscores the promise of immunotherapies as a transformative approach to AD intervention, offering hope for a brighter future in the quest to combat this devastating neurodegenerative disease., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)