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1. CO2 conversion via coupled plasma-electrolysis process

Author

Pandiyan, A., Kyriakou, V., Neagu, D., Welzel, S., Goede, A.P.H., van de Sanden, M.C.M., Tsampas, M.N., and Product Technology

Subjects
Oxygen separation, Process Chemistry and Technology, Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous), SOEC, Plasmolysis, Waste Management and Disposal, CO utilization, Electrolysis, TP155, CO2 utilization, Plasmolysis, Electrolysis, SOEC, Oxygen separation
Abstract

Surplus renewable electricity used to convert CO2 into CO, the building block of liquid fuels, advances the energy transition by enabling large-scale, long-term energy storage and the synthesis of fuel for long-haul transportation. Among the various technologies developed, renewable electricity driven conversion of CO2 by high-temperature electrolysis and by plasmolysis offer a tantalising potential. High-temperature electrolysis is characterized by high-yield and energy-efficiency and the direct separation of the CO2 dissociation products CO and O2. However, the difficulty to break the carbon-oxygen double bond poses challenging requirements on electrode materials. CO2 plasmolysis on the other hand, offers a similar energy efficiency, does not employ scarce materials, is easy to upscale, but requires efficient gas separation and recuperation because the produced CO remains mixed with O2 and residual CO2. Here, we demonstrate that the coupling of the two processes leads to a renewable-electricity-driven route for producing CO from CO2, overcoming the main bottleneck of CO2 plasmolysis. A simulated CO2 plasmolysis gas mixture is supplied to a high-temperature electrolyser to separate the product gases electrochemically. Our results show that the product stream of the coupled-process contains 91% less oxygen and 138% more CO compared with the bare plasmolysis process. Apart from upgrading the produced gas mixture, this coupled approach benefits from material stability. Durability tests (~100 hours) show better stability in coupled operation when compared with conventional CO2 electrolysis. Synergy between plasmolysis and electrolysis opens up a novel route to efficient CO2 conversion into valuable CO feedstock for the synthesis of long-chain hydrocarbons.

Published
2022

4. Commissioning of inline ECE system within waveguide based ECRH transmission systems on ASDEX upgrade

Author

Donné A.J.H., Amerongen F.J., de Baar M.R., Meo F., van den Brand H., van den Braber R., Doelman N., Kasparek W., Bongers W.A., Elzendoorn B.S.Q., Erckmann V., Goede A.P.H., Giannone L., Grünwald G., Hollman F., Kaas G., Krijger B., Michel G., Lubyako L., Monaco F., Noke F., Petelin M., Plaum B., Purps F., ten Pierik J.G.W, Schüller C., Slob J.W., Stober J.K., Schütz H., Wagner D., Westerhof E., and Ronden D.M.S.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

A CW capable inline electron cyclotron emission (ECE) separation system for feedback control, featuring oversized corrugated waveguides, is commissioned on ASDEX upgrade (AUG). The system is based on a combination of a polarization independent, non-resonant, Mach-Zehnder diplexer equipped with dielectric plate beam splitters [2, 3] employed as corrugated oversized waveguide filter, and a resonant Fast Directional Switch, FADIS [4, 5, 6, 7] as ECE/ECCD separation system. This paper presents an overview of the system, the low power characterisation tests and first high power commissioning on AUG.

Published
2012
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7. Development and testing of a fast fourier transform high dynamic-range spectral diagnostics for millimeter wave characterization

Author

Thoen, D.J., Bongers, W.A., Hennen, B.A., Schüller, F.C., TEXTOR, Team., Westerhof, E., Oosterbeek, J.W., de Baar, M.R., van den Berg, M.A., van Beveren, V., Bürger, A., Goede, A.P.H., Graswinckel, M.F., and Control Systems Technology

Subjects
Heterodyne, Physics, Waves in plasmas, business.industry, symbols.namesake, Fourier transform, Optics, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Intermediate frequency, Extremely high frequency, symbols, Millimeter, ddc:530, Time domain, business, Instrumentation, High dynamic range
Abstract

A fast Fourier transform (FFT) based wide range millimeter wave diagnostics for spectral characterization of scattered millimeter waves in plasmas has been successfully brought into operation. The scattered millimeter waves are heterodyne downconverted and directly digitized using a fast analog-digital converter and a compact peripheral component interconnect computer. Frequency spectra are obtained by FFT in the time domain of the intermediate frequency signal. The scattered millimeter waves are generated during high power electron cyclotron resonance heating experiments on the TEXTOR tokamak and demonstrate the performance of the diagnostics and, in particular, the usability of direct digitizing and Fourier transformation of millimeter wave signals. The diagnostics is able to acquire 4 GHz wide spectra of signals in the range of 136 -140 GHz. The rate of spectra is tunable and has been tested between 200 000 spectra/s with a frequency resolution of 100 MHz and 120 spectra/s with a frequency resolution of 25 kHz. The respective dynamic ranges are 52 and 88 dB. Major benefits of the new diagnostics are a tunable time and frequency resolution due to postdetection, near-real time processing of the acquired data. This diagnostics has a wider application in astrophysics, earth observation, plasma physics, and molecular spectroscopy for the detection and analysis of millimeter wave radiation, providing high-resolution spectra at high temporal resolution and large dynamic range. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3244091]

Published
2009

8. PHYSICS DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR THE JET NEUTRAL INJECTORS

Author

Altmann, H., primary, Boschi, A., additional, Brenan, P., additional, Falter, H.D., additional, Goede, A.P.H., additional, Haange, R., additional, Hemsworth, R.S., additional, Obert, W., additional, Simone, V., additional, Stork, D., additional, and Thompson, E., additional

Published
1981
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9. Seasonal and latitudinal variation of atmospheric methane: a ground-based and ship-borne solar IR spectroscopic study

Author

Warneke, T, Meirink, J.F., Bergamaschi, P., Grooss, J.U., Notholt, J, Toon, G.C., Velazco, V., Goede, A.P.H., Schrems, O., Marine and Atmospheric Research, and Dep Natuurkunde

Abstract

Column-averaged volume mixing ratios of CH4 were retrieved with a precision of better than 0.5% from infrared solar absorption spectra obtained at Ny-Alesund (Spitsbergen, 79 N) between 1997 and 2004 and during two ship cruises (54 N–34 S) on the Atlantic in 2003. The retrieval has been performed in a spectral region available to all operational FTIR (Fourier Transform InfraRed) spectrometers performing solar absorption measurements. The seasonality and the long-term increase of the tropospheric volume-mixing ratio, derived from the infrared measurements agree well with data from surface sampling at this site. The latitudinal variation of shipborne measurements between 54 N and 34 S is in agreement with inverse model simulations which are optimized vs. the global NOAA/ESRL measurements.

Published
2006

10. Satellite chartography of atmospheric methane from SCIAMACHY on board ENVISAT: analysis of the years 2003 and 2004

Author

Frankenberg, C., Meirink, J.F., Bergamaschi, P., Goede, A.P.H., Heimann, M., Körner, S., Platt, U., van Weele, M., Wagner, T., Marine and Atmospheric Research, and Dep Natuurkunde

Abstract

The UV/Vis/near infrared spectrometer SCIAMACHY on board the European ENVISAT satellite enables total column retrieval of atmospheric methane with high sensitivity to the lower troposphere. The vertical column density of methane is converted to column averaged mixing ratio by using carbon dioxide retrievals as proxy for the probed atmospheric column. For this purpose, we apply concurrent total column measurements of CO2 in combination with modeled column-averaged CO2 mixing ratios. Possible systematic errors are discussed in detail while the precision error is 1.8% on average. This paper focuses on methane retrievals from January 2003 through December 2004. The measurements with global coverage over continents are compared with model results from the chemistry–transport model TM4. In the retrievals, the north-south gradient as well as regions with enhanced methane levels can be clearly identified. The highest abundances are found in the Red Basin of China, followed by northern South America, the Gangetic plains of India and central parts of Africa. Especially the abundances in northern South America and the Red Basin are generally higher than modeled. Further, we present the seasonal variations within the investigated time period. Peak values in Asia due to rice emissions are observed from August through October. We expand earlier investigations that suggest underestimated emissions in the tropics. It is shown that these underestimations show a seasonal behavior that peaks from August through December. The global measurements may be used for inverse modeling and are thus an important step towards better quantification of the methane budget.

Published
2006

11. Sensitivity analysis of methane emissions derived from SCIAMACHY observations through inverse modeling

Author

Meirink, J.F., Eskes, H.J., Goede, A.P.H., Marine and Atmospheric Research, and Dep Natuurkunde

Abstract

Satellite observations of trace gases in the atmosphere offer a promising method for global verification of emissions and improvement of global emission inventories. Here, an inverse modelling approach based on fourdimensional variational (4D-var) data assimilation is presented and applied to synthetic measurements of atmospheric methane. In this approach, emissions and initial concentrations are optimised simultaneously, thus allowing inversions to be carried out on time scales of weeks to months, short compared with the lifetime of methane. Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) have been performed to demonstrate the feasibility of the method and to investigate the utility of SCIAMACHY observations for methane source estimation. The impact of a number of parameters on the error in the methane emission field retrieved has been analysed. These parameters include the measurement error, the error introduced by the presence of clouds, and the spatial resolution of the emission field. It is shown that 4D-var is an efficient method to deal with large amounts of satellite data and to retrieve emissions at high resolution. Some important conclusions regarding the SCIAMACHY measurements can be drawn. (i) The observations at their estimated precision of 1.5 to 2% will contribute considerably to uncertainty reduction in monthly, subcontinental ( 500 km) methane source strengths. (ii) Systematic measurement errors well below 1% have a dramatic impact on the quality of the derived emission fields. Hence, every effort should be made to identify and remove such systematic errors. (iii) It is essential to take partly cloudy pixels into account in order to achieve sufficient spatial coverage. (iv) The uncertainty in measured cloud parameters may at some point become the limiting factor for methane emission retrieval, rather than the uncertainty in measured methane itself.

Published
2006

12. SCIAMACHY: mission objectives and measurement modes

Author

Bovensmann, H., Burrows, J.P., Buchwitz, M., Frerick, J., Noel, S., Rozanov, V.V., Chance, K.V., and Goede, A.P.H.

Subjects
Spectrometer -- Calibration, Image processing -- Equipment and supplies, Cartography -- Equipment and supplies, Atmosphere -- Measurement, Earth sciences, Science and technology
Abstract

SCIAMACHY (Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography) is a spectrometer designed to measure sunlight transmitted, reflected, and scattered by the earth's atmosphere or surface in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared wavelength region (240-2380 nm) at moderate spectral resolution (0.2-1.5 nm, [Lambda]/[Delta][Lambda] [approximately equal to] 1000-10 000). SCIAMACHY will measure the earthshine radiance in limb and nadir viewing geometries and solar or lunar light transmitted through the atmosphere observed in occultation. The extraterrestrial solar irradiance and lunar radiance will be determined from observations of the sun and the moon above the atmosphere. The absorption, reflection, and scattering behavior of the atmosphere and the earth's surface is determined from comparison of earthshine radiance and solar irradiance. Inversion of the ratio of earthshine radiance and solar irradiance yields information about the amounts and distribution of important atmospheric constituents and the spectral reflectance (or albedo) of the earth's surface. SCIAMACHY was conceived to improve our knowledge and understanding of a variety of issues of importance for the chemistry and physics of the earth's atmosphere (troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere) and potential changes resulting from either increasing anthropogenic activity or the variability of natural phenomena. Topics of relevance for SCIAMACHY are * tropospheric pollution arising from industrial activity and biomass burning, * troposphere-stratosphere exchange processes, * stratospheric ozone chemistry focusing on the understanding of the ozone depletion in polar regions as well as in midlatitudes, and * solar variability and special events such as volcanic eruptions, and related regional and global phenomena. Inversion of the SCIAMACHY measurements enables the amounts and distribution of the atmospheric constituents [O.sub.3], [O.sub.2], [O.sub.2](1[Delta]), [O.sub.4], BrO, OClO, ClO, S[O.sub.2] [H.sub.2]CO, NO, N[O.sub.2], N[O.sub.3], CO, C[O.sub.2], C[H.sub.4], [H.sub.2]O, [N.sub.2]O, and aerosol, as well as knowledge about the parameters pressure p, temperature T, radiation field, cloud cover, cloudtop height, and surface spectral reflectance to be determined. A special feature of SCIAMACHY is the combined limb-nadir measurement mode. The inversion of the combination of limb and nadir measurements will enable tropospheric column amounts of [O.sub.3], N[O.sub.2], BrO, CO, C[H.sub.4], [H.sub.2]O, [N.sub.2]O, S[O.sub.2], and [H.sub.2]CO to be determined.

Published
1999

13. Commissioning of inline ECE system within waveguide based ECRH transmission systems on ASDEX upgrade

Author

Bongers, W.A., Kasparek, W., Doelman, N., van den Braber, R., van den Brand, H., Meo, F., de Baar, M.R., Amerongen, F.J., Donné, A.J.H., Elzendoorn, B.S.Q., Erckmann, V., Goede, A.P.H., Giannone, L., Grünwald, G., Hollman, F., Kaas, G., Krijger, B., Michel, G., Lubyako, L., Monaco, F., Noke, F., Petelin, M., Plaum, B., Purps, F., ten Pierik, J.G.W., Schüller, C., Slob, J.W., Stober, J.K., Schütz, H., Wagner, D., Westerhof, E., Ronden, D.M.S., Bongers, W.A., Kasparek, W., Doelman, N., van den Braber, R., van den Brand, H., Meo, F., de Baar, M.R., Amerongen, F.J., Donné, A.J.H., Elzendoorn, B.S.Q., Erckmann, V., Goede, A.P.H., Giannone, L., Grünwald, G., Hollman, F., Kaas, G., Krijger, B., Michel, G., Lubyako, L., Monaco, F., Noke, F., Petelin, M., Plaum, B., Purps, F., ten Pierik, J.G.W., Schüller, C., Slob, J.W., Stober, J.K., Schütz, H., Wagner, D., Westerhof, E., and Ronden, D.M.S.

Abstract

A CW capable inline electron cyclotron emission (ECE) separation system for feedback control, featuring oversized corrugated waveguides, is commissioned on ASDEX upgrade (AUG). The system is based on a combination of a polarization independent, non-resonant, Mach-Zehnder diplexer equipped with dielectric plate beam splitters [2, 3] employed as corrugated oversized waveguide filter, and a resonant Fast Directional Switch, FADIS [4, 5, 6, 7] as ECE/ECCD separation system. This paper presents an overview of the system, the low power characterisation tests and first high power commissioning on AUG.

Published
2012

17. Intermediate frequency band digitized high dynamic range radiometer system for plasma diagnostics and real-time Tokamak control

Author

Bongers, W.A., Beveren, van, V., Thoen, D.J., Nuij, P.W.J.M., Baar, de, M.R., Donné, A.J.H., Westerhof, E., Goede, A.P.H., Krijger, B., Berg, van den, M.A., Kantor, M., Graswinckel, M.F., Hennen, B.A., Schüller, F.C., Bongers, W.A., Beveren, van, V., Thoen, D.J., Nuij, P.W.J.M., Baar, de, M.R., Donné, A.J.H., Westerhof, E., Goede, A.P.H., Krijger, B., Berg, van den, M.A., Kantor, M., Graswinckel, M.F., Hennen, B.A., and Schüller, F.C.

Abstract

An intermediate frequency (IF) band digitizing radiometer system in the 100–200 GHz frequency range has been developed for Tokamak diagnostics and control, and other fields of research which require a high flexibility in frequency resolution combined with a large bandwidth and the retrieval of the full wave information of the mm-wave signals under investigation. The system is based on directly digitizing the IF band after down conversion. The enabling technology consists of a fast multi-giga sample analog to digital converter that has recently become available. Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) are implemented to accomplish versatile real-time data analysis. A prototype system has been developed and tested and its performance has been compared with conventional electron cyclotron emission (ECE) spectrometer systems. On the TEXTOR Tokamak a proof of principle shows that ECE, together with high power injected and scattered radiation, becomes amenable to measurement by this device. In particular, its capability to measure the phase of coherent signals in the spectrum offers important advantages in diagnostics and control. One case developed in detail employs the FPGA in real-time fast Fourier transform (FFT) and additional signal processing. The major benefit of such a FFT-based system is the real-time trade-off that can be made between frequency and time resolution. For ECE diagnostics this corresponds to a flexible spatial resolution in the plasma, with potential application in smart sensing of plasma instabilities such as the neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) and sawtooth instabilities. The flexible resolution would allow for the measurement of the full mode content of plasma instabilities contained within the system bandwidth.

Published
2011

18. Intermediate frequency band digitized high dynamic range radiometer system for plasma diagnostics and real-time Tokamak control

Author

Bongers, WA. (author), Van Beveren, V. (author), Thoen, D.J. (author), Nuij, P.J.W.M. (author), De Baar, M.R. (author), Donné, A.J.H. (author), Westerhof, E. (author), Goede, A.P.H. (author), Krijger, B. (author), Van den Berg, M.A. (author), Kantor, M. (author), Graswinckel, M.F. (author), Hennen, B.A. (author), Schüller, F.C. (author), Bongers, WA. (author), Van Beveren, V. (author), Thoen, D.J. (author), Nuij, P.J.W.M. (author), De Baar, M.R. (author), Donné, A.J.H. (author), Westerhof, E. (author), Goede, A.P.H. (author), Krijger, B. (author), Van den Berg, M.A. (author), Kantor, M. (author), Graswinckel, M.F. (author), Hennen, B.A. (author), and Schüller, F.C. (author)

Abstract

An intermediate frequency (IF) band digitizing radiometer system in the 100–200 GHz frequency range has been developed for Tokamak diagnostics and control, and other fields of research which require a high flexibility in frequency resolution combined with a large bandwidth and the retrieval of the full wave information of the mm-wave signals under investigation. The system is based on directly digitizing the IF band after down conversion. The enabling technology consists of a fast multi-giga sample analog to digital converter that has recently become available. Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) are implemented to accomplish versatile real-time data analysis. A prototype system has been developed and tested and its performance has been compared with conventional electron cyclotron emission (ECE) spectrometer systems. On the TEXTOR Tokamak a proof of principle shows that ECE, together with high power injected and scattered radiation, becomes amenable to measurement by this device. In particular, its capability to measure the phase of coherent signals in the spectrum offers important advantages in diagnostics and control. One case developed in detail employs the FPGA in real-time fast Fourier transform (FFT) and additional signal processing. The major benefit of such a FFT-based system is the real-time trade-off that can be made between frequency and time resolution. For ECE diagnostics this corresponds to a flexible spatial resolution in the plasma, with potential application in smart sensing of plasma instabilities such as the neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) and sawtooth instabilities. The flexible resolution would allow for the measurement of the full mode content of plasma instabilities contained within the system bandwidth., QN/Quantum Nanoscience, Applied Sciences

Published
2011
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19. Utilization of collinear ECE detection/ECRH heating for active stabilization of plasma instabilities

Author

Bongers, W.A., Kasparek, W., Donné, A.J.H., Goede, A.P.H., Baar, de, M.R., Schüller, F.C., Erckmann, V., Stober, J., Westerhof, E., Amerongen, F.J., Hennen, B.A., Nuij, P.W.J.M., Oosterbeek, J.W., Ronden, D.M.S., Thoen, D.J., Tongerlo, T., Wagner, D., Bongers, W.A., Kasparek, W., Donné, A.J.H., Goede, A.P.H., Baar, de, M.R., Schüller, F.C., Erckmann, V., Stober, J., Westerhof, E., Amerongen, F.J., Hennen, B.A., Nuij, P.W.J.M., Oosterbeek, J.W., Ronden, D.M.S., Thoen, D.J., Tongerlo, T., and Wagner, D.

Abstract

Experiments on TEXTOR have successfully demonstrated the proof of principle [1] of using Electron Cyclotron Emission (ECE) measured along the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH) line-of-sight [2] for the control of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modes. This work, which was done with a quasi-optical system, motivates the further development and implementation of a similar, but in-waveguide system for detection and control of Neoclassical Tearing Mode (NTM) in larger fusion machines. Progress on the implementation of such a system on ASDEX-Upgrade [3], based on waveguides equipped with a Fast Directional Switch (FADIS), is presented. Since FADIS, will be installed at ASDEX, to switch the gyrotron power between different launchers [4], FADIS can also be employed as a frequency filter serving the purpose of separating a low-power ECE signal from the high power ECRH radiation as required in the co-aligned ECE-ECRH setup [5]. Because additional absorptive filtering is required after the FADIS ECE output in [5] and [6] a non resonant two-beam Mach-Zehnder-type interferometer was chosen. This system has been built and partially tested.

Published
2010

20. Magnetic island localization for NTM control by ECE viewed along the same optical path of the ECCD beam

Author

Bongers, W.A., Goede, A.P.H., Westerhof, E., Oosterbeek, J.W., Doelman, N.J., Schüller, F.C., Baar, M.R. de, Kasparek, W., Wubie, W., Wagner, D., Stober, J., Team, T., Bongers, W.A., Goede, A.P.H., Westerhof, E., Oosterbeek, J.W., Doelman, N.J., Schüller, F.C., Baar, M.R. de, Kasparek, W., Wubie, W., Wagner, D., Stober, J., and Team, T.

Abstract

Neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs) deteriorate highpressure tokamak plasma confinement and can be suppressed by electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD). In order to obtain efficient suppression, the ECCD power needs to be deposited at the center of an NTM magnetic island. To enhance efficiency, this power also needs to be synchronized in phase with the rotation of the island. The problem is that of real-time detection and precise localization of the island(s) in order to provide the feedback signal required to control the ECCD power deposition area with an accuracy of 1 to 2 cm. Existing schemes based on mode location, equilibrium reconstruction, and plasma profile measurements are limited in positional and temporal accuracy and moreover will become very complex when applied to ITER. To overcome these limitations, it is proposed to provide the feedback signal from electron cyclotron emission (ECE) measurements taken along the identical line of sight as traced by the incident ECCD millimeter-wave beam but in reverse direction. Experiments on TEXTOR have demonstrated a proof of principle. These measurements motivate the further development and the implementation of such an ECCD-aligned ECE system for NTM control in larger fusion machines. Possible implementation of such a system on ASDEX-Upgrade, based on waveguides equipped with a fast directional switch, is presented in this paper. Possible further development for ITER is also discussed.

Published
2009

21. ECE system on ASDEX-upgrade placed inline at the high power waveguide based transmission system

Author

Bongers, W.A., Goede, A.P.H., Westerhof, E., Oosterbeek, J.W., Doelman, N.J., Schüller, F.C., Baar, de, M.R., Amerongen, F.J., Hennen, B.A., Kasparek, W., Nuij, P.W.J.M., Thoen, D.J., Wagner, D., Stober, J., Steinbuch, M., Bongers, W.A., Goede, A.P.H., Westerhof, E., Oosterbeek, J.W., Doelman, N.J., Schüller, F.C., Baar, de, M.R., Amerongen, F.J., Hennen, B.A., Kasparek, W., Nuij, P.W.J.M., Thoen, D.J., Wagner, D., Stober, J., and Steinbuch, M.

Abstract

It is proposed to provide the Electron Cyclotron Emission (ECE) feedback signal for MHD control experiments along the ECRH line-of sight. Experiments on TEXTOR have demonstrated a proof of principle [1], [2] and [3] motivate the further development and the implementation of such an ECCD aligned ECE system for NTM control in larger fusion machines. Implementation of such a system on ASDEX-Upgrade [4], based on waveguides equipped with a fast directional switch, is presented in this paper [6]. First results of open loop control of MHD modes in TEXTOR were presented in [2, 7]. © 2009 IEEE.

Published
2009

22. Fast fourier transform based diagnostics for spectral characterization of millimeter waves in tokamaks

Author

Thoen, D.J., Bongers, W.A., Westerhof, E., Oosterbeek, J.W., Baar, de, M.R., Berg, van den, M.A., Beveren, van, V., Bürger, A., Goede, A.P.H., Graswinckel, M.F., Hennen, M.F., Schüller, F.C., Thoen, D.J., Bongers, W.A., Westerhof, E., Oosterbeek, J.W., Baar, de, M.R., Berg, van den, M.A., Beveren, van, V., Bürger, A., Goede, A.P.H., Graswinckel, M.F., Hennen, M.F., and Schüller, F.C.

Abstract

A Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) based wide range millimeter wave diagnostics for spectral characterization of scattered millimeter waves in plasmas has been successfully brought into operation. The scattered millimeter waves are heterodyne down-converted and directly digitized using a fast analog-digital converter (ADC) and a compact Peripheral Component Interconnect (cPCI) computer. Frequency spectra are obtained by FFT in the time domain of the intermediate frequency signal. The scattered millimeter waves are generated during high power Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH) experiments on the TEXTOR Tokamak and demonstrate the performance of the diagnostics and, in particular, the usability of direct digitizing and Fourier transformation of millimeter wave signals. Major benefit of the new diagnostics is a tunable time and frequency resolution due to post-detection, near-Real-Time processing of the acquired data. This diagnostics has a wider application in astrophysics, earth observation, plasma physics and molecular spectroscopy for the detection and analysis of millimeter wave radiation, providing high-resolution spectra at high temporal resolution and large dynamic range. Such a diagnostics also has the potential to detect Electron Cyclotron Emission (ECE) and to be used in Real-Time ECE feedback control systems. © 2009 IEEE.

Published
2009

23. Observations of the moon by the global ozone monitoring experiment: radiometric calibration and lunar albedo

Author

Dobber, M.R., Goede, A.P.H., Burrows, J.P., and Technisch Physische Dienst TNO - TH

Subjects
Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Perception, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) is a new instrument, which was launched aboard the second European Remoting Sensing satellite ESA-ERS2 in 1995. For its long-term radiometric and spectral calibration the GOME observes the sun and less frequently the moon on a regular basis. These measurements of the lunar radiance and solar irradiance have been used in a study to determine, for the first time to the authors' knowledge, the geometric lunar albedo from 240 to 800 nm at high spectral resolution from space. For a waning moon there is good agreement with ground-based measurements in the visible region and with recent space-based measurements in the ultraviolet region. In addition, the use of these measurements for the characterization of in-orbit degradation of instruments operating in this spectral region has been adequately demonstrated.

Published
1998

26. Satellite chartography of atmospheric methane from SCIAMACHY on board ENVISAT: analysis of the years 2003 and 2004

Author

Marine and Atmospheric Research, Dep Natuurkunde, Frankenberg, C., Meirink, J.F., Bergamaschi, P., Goede, A.P.H., Heimann, M., Körner, S., Platt, U., van Weele, M., Wagner, T., Marine and Atmospheric Research, Dep Natuurkunde, Frankenberg, C., Meirink, J.F., Bergamaschi, P., Goede, A.P.H., Heimann, M., Körner, S., Platt, U., van Weele, M., and Wagner, T.

Published
2006

28. Advanced launcher design options for electron cyclotron current drive on ITER based on remote steering

Author

Graswinckel, M.F., primary, Bongers, W.A., additional, de Baar, M.R., additional, van den Berg, M.A., additional, Denisov, G., additional, Donné, A.J.H., additional, Elzendoorn, B.S.Q., additional, Goede, A.P.H., additional, Heidinger, R., additional, Kuzikov, S., additional, Kruijt, O.G., additional, Kruizinga, B., additional, Moro, A., additional, Poli, E., additional, Ronden, D.M.S., additional, Saibene, G., additional, Thoen, D.J., additional, and Verhoeven, A.G.A., additional

Published
2008
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34. Confocal microscopy in microgravity research

Author

Goede, A.P.H., primary, Brakenhoff, G.J., additional, Woldringh, C.L., additional, Aalders, J.W.G., additional, Imhof, J.P., additional, van Kralingen, P., additional, Mels, W.A., additional, Schreinemakers, P., additional, and Zegers, A., additional

Published
1992
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35. Sciamachy instrument design

Author

Goede, A.P.H., primary, Aarts, H.J.M., additional, van Baren, C., additional, Burrows, J.P., additional, Change, K.V., additional, Hoekstra, R., additional, Hölzle, E., additional, Pitz, W., additional, Schneider, W., additional, Smorenburg, C., additional, Visser, H., additional, and de Vries, J., additional

Published
1991
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36. Atmospheric Remote Sensing with SCIAMACHY

Author

Burrows, J.P., primary, Schneider, W., additional, Geary, J.C., additional, Chance, K.V., additional, Goede, A.P.H., additional, Aarts, H.J.M., additional, de Vries, J., additional, Smorenburg, C., additional, and Visser, H., additional

Published
1990
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38. Physics design of the deflection magnets of the jet neutral beam injector

Author

Goede, A.P.H., Nielsen, B.R., and Thompson, E.

Abstract

This paper presents the ion optical calculations for the deflection magnets of the JET neutral injection system. The large amount of ion power to be handled (26 MW) requires more accurate calculations than before. These include 3D magnetic field computations, raytracing and emittance calculations, the latter applied to a multiple aperture ion beam. The resulting power deposition profiles for the full energy ions (80 keV hydrogen, 160 keV deuterium) and for the fractional energy ions are reported.

Published
1988
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39. Engineering, manufacture and test of the deflection magnets of the jet neutral beam injector

Author

Goede, A.P.H., Nielsen, B.R., Shone, F., Sønderskov, T., and Thompson, E.

Abstract

The engineering design, the manufacturing methods and the magnetic measurements of the ion deflection magnets of the Joint European Torus (JET) neutral injection system are described. The magnets are ultrahigh vacuum compatible, the coil being encased in a stainless steel jacket which incorporates a highly optimised water cooling system. High emphasis is placed on the reliability of the system. Magnetic measurements show adequate agreement with 3D computations and time dependent eddy-current computations.

Published
1988
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