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The extension of artificial intelligence (AI) and algorithmic management mechanisms by companies has led to growing trade union demands to regulate their use. This article explores the role of collective bargaining and employee participation mechanisms in regulating the use by companies of AI and algorithms. This is done through a comparative analysis of institutional developments at EU level, as well as in four countries with different industrial relations models (Denmark, Germany, Hungary and Spain). The article shows that there are remarkable differences between countries in the roles of social partners and in the combination of protective and participative mechanisms used to respond to the challenges of AI and algorithmic management. However, the analysis also serves to highlight the limits of existing institutions and practices to cope with the complexity of challenges associated with AI and algorithmic management. This calls for institutional adaptation and additional regulatory efforts at EU and national levels to support collective bargaining.

Aquest informe s'elabora a partir de les diferents contribucions de la Network of Eurofound Correspondents, i pel que fa a Espanya la contribució ha estat de l'ALejandro Godino, Despite the well-known adverse effects of regular long working hours on workers' health, well-being and performance, many workers in the EU continue to work beyond their normal hours. Part of this additional working time is classified as overtime. This report takes a comparative overview of how overtime is regulated in the EU Member States, Norway and the United Kingdom, including its definition, the limits on its use and the compensation received by workers for working extra hours. The report assesses the extent of the phenomenon using national-level data, delves into the factors that explain it, and examines the potential consequences for workers and firms. Finally, the report summarises the current debate on the topic, as uncompensated working hours, structural overtime and monitoring of working hours are currently some of the most discussed work-related issues across the EU.

Per part del QUIT com a corresponsal d'Eurofound, la contribució a l'informe ha estat feta per l'Alejandro Godino., This report captures the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the quality of life of older citizens, including the impact on their well-being, finances, employment and social inclusion. It explores the effects on the use of care services and older people's reliance on other support. The report presents policy measures that have been implemented in EU Member States to support older people along all of the above-mentioned dimensions. These include measures to support independent living and schemes to support the labour market integration of older people or to prevent unemployment, all of which play a role in the quality of life of older citizens.

Aquesta publicació s'elabora a partir de les contribucions de cadascú dels membres nacionals que integren la Network of Eurofound Correspondents. Pel cas d'Espanya la contribució ha estat realitzada per l'Alejandro Godino (veure annex Network of Eurofound Correspondents), Adreça alternativa: https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/sites/default/files/ef_publication/field_ef_document/ef22038en.pdf, Digitisation and automation technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), can affect working conditions in a variety of ways and their use in the workplace raises a host of new ethical concerns. Recently, the policy debate surrounding these concerns has become more prominent and has increasingly focused on AI. This report maps relevant European and national policy and regulatory initiatives. It explores the positions and views of social partners in the policy debate on the implications of technological change for work and employment. It also reviews a growing body of research on the topic showing that ethical implications go well beyond legal and compliance questions, extending to issues relating to quality of work. The report aims to provide a good understanding of the ethical implications of digitisation and automation, which is grounded in evidence-based research.

Aquesta publicació s'elabora a partir de les contribucions de cadascú dels membres nacionals que integren la Network of Eufound Correspondent. Pel cas d'Espanya la contribució ha estat realitzada per l'Alejandro Godino, This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the audiovisual sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in the European sectoral social dialogue and their capacity to negotiate agreements. The aim of Eurofound's studies on representativeness is to identify the relevant national and European social partner organisations in the field of industrial relations in the EU Member States. This study identifies EURO-MEI, EFJ, FIA and FIM - representing employees - and ACT, AER, CEPI, the EBU and the FIAPF - representing employers - as the representative European-level social partner organisations in the audiovisual sector.

Aquesta publicació s'elabora a partir de les contribucions de cadascú dels membres nacionals que integren la Network of Eufound Correspondent. Pel cas d'Espanya la contribució ha estat realitzada per l'Alejandro Godino, Digital transformation is changing the world of work. This report looks at how social partners - the actors involved in the regulation of employment relationships - are increasingly adopting technological solutions to improve the services that they provide to their members and facilitate collective bargaining processes. Technological tools offer social partners the opportunity to enhance consultation, engage with their members through digitised processes, improve services and increase networking activities, as well as addressing the issue of membership decline. The findings of this report show that the extent to which the social partners use digital technologies varies greatly across the EU Member States, Norway and the United Kingdom. Provisions in collective agreements on several aspects of digitalisation have been identified in about half of the countries. Through these provisions, social partners encourage their members to boost training on digital skills, ensure fair and safe working conditions and take account of data protection and employee monitoring practices. The European social partners' autonomous framework agreement on digitalisation has provided inspiration to national-level organisations, and follow-up actions in this regard have the potential to greatly benefit their members.

Aquesta publicació s'elabora a partir de les contribucions de cadascú dels membres nacionals que integren la Network of Eufound Correspondent. Pel cas d'Espanya la contribució ha estat realitzada per l'Alejandro Godino, This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the live performance sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in the European sectoral social dialogue and their capacity to negotiate agreements. The aim of Eurofound's studies on representativeness is to identify the relevant national and European social partner organisations in the EU Member States. This study identified EURO-MEI, FIA and FIM - representing employees - and PEARLE* - representing employers - as the representative European-level social partner organisations in the live performance sector.

Altres ajuts: Acord CSUC-Emerald, The authors would like to thank the research team of the "Relaunching Collective Bargaining Coverage in Outsourced Services - RECOVER" project, The paper aims to analyze collective bargaining in the facility management business of these six countries to explore similarities and differences between them. The analysis serves to test the differential impact of the national institutional setting on the protection provided by collective agreements to facility management workers. Design/methodology/approach - The paper adopts a case study methodology to approach a facility management multinational company providing services in six European countries (France, Italy, The Netherlands, Poland, Spain and the UK) that represent different industrial relations systems with variance in key dimensions of collective bargaining, including its structure, coverage and extension of agreements. Findings - The extension of the facility management business model has not always adopted a high-road strategy aimed at enhancing the quality and efficiency through the integrated management and delivery of services, which is expected to positively impact employment conditions. Rather, it has, in many cases, been a deliberate, low-road attempt to undercut working standards, taking advantage of the multiple services provided by the company in a context of growing de-centralization in collective bargaining. The results point to an important role of industrial relations institutions in shaping facility management strategies and outcomes. Originality/value - Similar to other forms of outsourcing, facility management leads to fragmented employment relations. However, the concentration of outsourced workers under the same supplier organization introduces opportunities to ensure the protection of workers, depending on the adoption of a high- or low-road competitive strategy. This paper provides for the first time comparative evidence about industrial relations in facility management businesses, a largely under-researched area.

Aquesta publicació s'elabora a partir de les contribucions de cadascú dels membres nacionals que integren la Network of Eufound Correspondent. Pel cas d'Espanya la contribució ha estat realitzada per l'Alejandro Godino, This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the sea fisheries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in the European sectoral social dialogue and their capacity to negotiate agreements. The aim of Eurofound's representativeness studies is to identify the relevant national and European social partner organisations. This study identified the Association of National Organisations of Fishing Enterprises in the European Union (Europêche) (representing employers) and European Transport Workers' Federation (ETF) (representing employees) as the most representative European level social partner organisations in the sea fisheries sector. COPA-COGECA, representing employers in the primary sector, has also some representativeness in the sector.

Aquesta publicació s'elabora a partir de les contribucions de cadascú dels membres nacionals que integren la Network of Eufound Correspondent. Pel cas d'Espanya la contribució ha estat realitzada per l'Alejandro Godino, This study provides information to allow for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the industrial cleaning sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in the European sectoral social dialogue, and their capacity to negotiate agreements. The aim of Eurofound's representativeness studies is to identify the relevant national and European social partner organisations in the field of industrial relations in selected sectors in the EU Member States. This study identified the European Cleaning and Facility Services Industry (EFCI) (representing employers) and UNI Europa (representing employees) as the most representative European-level social partner organisations in the industrial cleaning sector.

El objetivo de este estudio es comparar las condiciones de trabajo de los trabajadores profesionales independientes (I-Pross) en España e Italia. Esta investigación se ha desarrollado a través del análisis comparado de fuentes estadísticas oficiales en ambos países, la explotación de un cuestionario lanzado a estos profesionales y estudios de casos centrados en las organizaciones que representan a estos profesionales. El crecimiento de los I-Pros (trabajadores autónomos cualificados, pero con condiciones de trabajo precarias; con una gran incertidumbre en los ingresos, en la carga de trabajo y en su protección social) nos pone de relieve la tendencia hacia una depauperación relativa de un segmento importante de las clases medias. En este sentido, las políticas de descentralización, subcontratación y de incentivación del emprendimiento parecen pronosticar un vaciamiento o reducción de las clases medias: una tendencia a la pérdida de su independencia profesional real y su subordinación a la incertidumbre y a la re-mercantilización del trabajo o comodificación, entendiéndola como escenario progresivamente más común dentro del precariado., L'objectiu d'aquest estudi és comparar les condicions de treball dels treballadors professionals independents (I-Pross) a Espanya i Itàlia. Aquesta investigació s'ha desenvolupat a través de l'anàlisi comparada de fonts estadístiques oficials en tots dos països, l'explotació d'un qüestionari llançat a aquests professionals i estudis de casos centrats en les organitzacions que representen a aquests professionals. El creixement dels I-Pros (treballadors autònoms qualificats, però amb condicions de treball precàries, amb una gran incertesa en els ingressos, en la càrrega de treball i en la seva protecció social) ens posa en relleu la tendència cap a una depauperació relativa d'un segment important de les classes mitjanes. En aquest sentit, les polítiques de descentralització, subcontractació i d'incentivació de l'emprenedoria semblen pronosticar un buidament o reducció de les classes mitjanes: una tendència a la pèrdua de la seva independència professional real i la seva subordinació a la incertesa ia la re-mercantilització del treball o comodificació, entenent-la com a escenari progressivament més comú dins el precariat., The aim of this study is to compare the working conditions of Independent Professional workers (I-Pross) in Spain and Italy. This research is developed through the comparative analysis of official statistical sources in both countries, the use of a questionnaire sent to these professionals and case studies focused on the organizations that represent these professionals. The growth of the I-Pros (qualified self-employed workers, but with precarious working conditions, and great uncertainty about income, workload and their social protection) highlights the tendency towards a relative impoverishment of an important segment of the middle classes. In this sense, the decentralization, subcontracting and entrepreneurship incentive policies seem to predict a depletion or reduction of the middle classes: a tendency to the loss of their real professional independence and their subordination to uncertainty and to the re-commodification of work, understanding it as progressively more common scenario within the precariat.

In this paper we critically re-examine the current debate about the crisis and exit strategies. The starting point is the need to re-focus on the structural problems facing the Spanish economy paying particular attention to low productivity level and the reasons for it. Moreover, an overemphasis on the exogenous and financial character of the crisis has shifted attention awayfrom the demand side. The paper then moves to the analysis of strategies and policies implemented and their potential impact on the future development of the economy, paying particular attention to institutional change. Compared to other European countries under similar conditions, social dialogue has remained alive as a mechanism aimed at legitimizing a top-down adjustment strategy that is perceived as undemocratic by a large sector of the citizenry. The internal devaluation strategy imposed as a consequence of membership to the Euro will have a long-lasting impact upon the institutional pillars and dominant forms of coordination in the economy, not to mention the consequences for democratic governance both at domestic and EU levels

Tipus de projecte: Projecte europeu, A portada: Work and Life Quality in New & Growing Jobs

Tipus de projecte: Projecte europeu, A portada: Work and Life Quality in New & Growing Jobs