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Gobiomorus dormitor Lacep��de, 1800. Bigmouth Sleeper; Guavina del Atl��ntico, Boc��n, Guavina Boc��na, Guavina de Ley. Distribution: Global: Western Atlantic Ocean; from Bermuda and southern Florida, USA, to southeastern Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; Costa Rica: LN, RF, SJ, SC, Sa, To, Pa, Ma and Si (Atlantic), 0��� 60 m.a.s.l., Per, Dia. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat, LC. References: Bussing (1966: 237; listed, information on distribution), Bussing (1987: 249; 1998: 420; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Angulo et al. (2013: 1006; listed, including taxonomic information and distributional data) and Robertson & Van Tassell (2019: 4100; detailed description, including illustrations, information on distribution, with a map, and ecology)., Published as part of Angulo, Arturo, 2021, New records and range extensions to the Costa Rican freshwater fish fauna, with an updated checklist, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 5083 (1) on page 35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5083.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5800630, {"references":["Robertson, D. R. & Van Tassell, J. (2019) Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean: online information system. Version 2.0 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama. Available from: https: // biogeodb. stri. si. edu / caribbean / en / pages (accessed 27 August 2021)."]}

Resumen en español: "Se realizaron cuatro estudios en torno a la hipótesis de Beck y colaboradores acerca del concepto de área de crianza para juveniles de peces. El primero es la revisión de las ventajas y desventajas de dicho concepto, concluyendo que los principales retos para probar esta hipótesis son: 1) la determinación de los factores ambientales y temporales que influyen en la obtención de datos precisos y confiables y 2) la determinación simultánea de los parámetros poblacionales requeridos en la prueba de la hipótesis (densidad, crecimiento, sobrevivencia y movimiento de los juveniles hacia los hábitats ocupados por adultos). Para el primer reto, se evaluaron los factores que afectan la riqueza y abundancia de larvas y juveniles de peces en diferentes ambientes estuarinos con diferente complejidad estructural, encontrando que la temporada y la hora del día son los que contribuyen más a la variación de estos parámetros. Para el segundo reto, se realizaron dos estudios en los que se prueba si la tasa de crecimiento puede ser indicador del valor de un hábitat como área de crianza. El primero consistió en confrontar las tasas de crecimiento con las densidades y tasas de mortalidad en diferentes ambientes estuarinos donde ocurre la guabina Gobiomorus dormitor. Se comprobó que la tasa de crecimiento es un buen indicador de la función de un hábitat como área de crianza, señalando el manglar como la mejor área de crianza para esta especie. Finalmente, se analizó la estructura de tallas de larvas en diferentes ambientes estuarinos como aproximación del valor de los hábitats como áreas de crianza, asumiendo que mayores tallas estarán relacionadas con hábitats de mejor calidad. Sin embargo, este último estudio no arrojó pruebas conclusivas. Estos estudios constituyen una base sólida sobre la cual es posible hacer inferencias que permitan la identificación de áreas de crianza valiosas y por ende, contar con argumentos que den soporte a estrategias de manejo y conservación de los hábitats estuarinos. " Resumen en inglés: "Four studies were conducted based on Beck et al. (2001) hypothesis about the nursery role concept. First is a review of the advantages and disadvantages of this concept, concluding that the main challenges to test the hypothesis are: 1) the identification of environmental and temporal factors influencing the attainment of accurate and reliable data, and 2) determining simultaneous population parameters required to the hypothesis testing (density, growth, survival and movement of juveniles into habitats occupied by adults). For the first challenge, the factors affecting the richness and abundance of early stages of fishes in diverse estuarine environments with different structural complexity were evaluated, finding the season and time of day are the ones that contribute most to the variation of these parameters. For the second challenge, two studies that tested whether the growth rate can be an indicator of the value of a habitat and breeding area were performed. The first was to confront the growth rates densities and mortality rates in different estuarine environments where bigmouth sleeper Gobiomorus dormitor occurs. It was found that the growth rate is a good indicator of the habitat quality as nursery, being mangroves the nursery ground for this species. Finally, the size structure of larvae was analyzed in several estuarine environments as proxy of habitats nursery value, assuming that larger sizes will be related to higher quality habitats. However, the latter study did not produce conclusive evidence about it. These studies provide a solid basis on which it is possible to identify nursery habitats and therefore to have arguments that support conservation and management strategies of estuarine habitats. "

Effects of temperature (23, 26, 29°C) and salinity (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 ppt) on hatch success, growth, development, and survival of bigmouth sleeper Gobiomorus dormitory yolk sac larvae were determined. Hatch success was greater at lower temperatures (23°C) and salinities (0-10 ppt), while larval survival and growth were greater at 26°C and 0 ppt. Larvae reared at 29°C- 0 ppt developed rapidly but rarely survived 48-h post hatch, while larvae at 23°C- 0 ppt survived 120-h post hatch, developed slower. Salinity adversely affected larval survival and size at hatch, larvae reared at salinities 5 ppt or greater died within 12-h post hatch and larvae set at 0 ppt were significantly larger than larvae hatched at salinities 5 ppt or greater. The exogenously feeding larval stage was not achieved; however, this study provides valuable insight of the bigmouth sleeper early ontogeny and provides several techniques for improving future propagation attempts.