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Instant messaging applications integrated in smartphones have favored the emergence of new digital writing systems, which are characterized by the use of specific spellings called textisms. This study analyses the relationship between the use of textisms and spelling mistakes in academic texts. The methodology applied was descriptive, based on a directed content analysis. The sample consisted of 270 students in the third and fourth years of compulsory secondary education enrolled in twelve public high schools in the autonomous community of Andalusia. Data were obtained from real texts provided by the students participating in the study, extracted, on the one hand, from WhatsApp messages from their smartphones, and, on the other, from academic texts produced as an activity in the secondary school classroom. The results obtained from the descriptive analyses and the bivariate correlation analyses (Pearson coefficient) allow us to affirm that the average number of textisms in WhatsApp of the sample is much higher than the number of misspellings in school texts, which confirms that textisms are intentional discrepancies with the academic norm in the digital context. Consequently, they cannot be considered as misspellings that occur due to a lack of knowledge of the Spanish language, but rather as new forms of language generated by the use of digital technologies.

In this work we investigate the two-neutron decay of 13Li and of the excited states of 11Li populated via one-proton removal from 14Be and 12Be, respectively. A phenomenological model is used to describe the decay of 11Li and 13Li. While the first one displays important sequential components, the second one appears dominated by the direct two-neutron decay. A microscopic three-body model is used to extract information on the spatial configuration of the emitted neutrons before the decay and shows that the average distance between the neutrons increases going from 11Li to 13Li.

Objetivos: el programa Cancer Genome Atlas Research (TCGA) desarrolló la clasificación molecular para cáncer endometrial con utilidad pronóstica y terapéutica, la cual ha sido reemplazada por consensos y guías internacionales por la clasificación ProMisE (Proactive Molecular Risk Classifier for Endometrial Cancer) debido a su alto costo. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar recomendaciones a nivel nacional derivadas de un consenso de expertos que permitan unificar e implementar la clasificación molecular para mujeres con cáncer endometrial, mediante un uso racional de recursos y tecnología. Materiales y métodos: consenso de 36 expertos en oncología clínica, ginecología oncológica, patología y genética con práctica clínica en el territorio nacional. El grupo líder realizó una revisión de la literatura y estructuración de preguntas calificadas de 1 a 9 puntos. Se utilizó la técnica de grupo nominal modificada. Se efectuaron reuniones presenciales con presentaciones magistrales, diálogo deliberativo y votación de cuestionario Google Forms (Google LLC, Mountain View, CA, USA) con análisis y discusión de respuestas. Las respuestas no consensuadas se llevaron a una segunda ronda de votación. Finalmente, se elaboró y revisó el manuscrito final. Resultados: se formularon siete recomendaciones integrando las respuestas de las panelistas basadas en evidencia, pero ajustadas al contexto y a la realidad colombiana. Recomendación 1. Se recomienda realizar la clasificación molecular en todos los carcinomas endometriales utilizando los marcadores de inmunohistoquímica como resultados subrogados del perfil molecular inicialmente propuesto en la clasificación del TCGA. Recomendación 2. Se recomienda la estrategia secuencial de testeo iniciando por los marcadores de inmunohistoquímica (p53, MLH1, MSH 2, MSH6, PMS2) simultáneamente en todas las pacientes, y definir la solicitud del POLE (polimerasa épsilon del DNA) (si se encuentra disponible) de forma diferida de acuerdo con la clasificación de riesgo basado en la pieza quirúrgica. Recomendación 3. Se recomienda que sea el ginecólogo oncólogo quien solicite el POLE (si se encuentra disponible) de acuerdo con el reporte de patología definitivo. Esta prueba se debe solicitar a todos los cánceres endometriales de estadio I-II, excepto los de bajo riesgo (estadio IA endometrioide de bajo grado sin invasión linfovascular p53 normal) y estadio III-IV sin enfermedad residual, sin afectar la solicitud de los marcadores moleculares subrogados por inmunohistoquímica de acuerdo con la histología. El consenso propone que la solicitud del POLE se realice posterior a la inmunohistoquímica y de acuerdo con la clasificación del riesgo según las categorías establecidas por la guía ESGO/ESTRO/ESP del 2020. Recomendación 4. Se recomienda realizar simultáneamente con los otros marcadores de inmunohistoquímica la prueba para receptores hormonales en todas las pacientes con cáncer endometrial y el HER2 en pacientes con p53abn. Recomendación 5. Se recomienda que los marcadores de inmunohistoquímica (p53, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 y PMS2) se realicen en la biopsia/legrado endometrial inicial cuando la muestra es adecuada y está disponible. En caso de inmunohistoquímica inicial no concluyente, o discrepancias histológicas entre la patología inicial y definitiva, se recomienda repetir el perfil molecular en la patología quirúrgica. Los marcadores de inmunohistoquímica deben reportarse en el informe de patología de acuerdo con las recomendaciones del CAP (College of American Pathologists), independientemente del tipo de muestra. Recomendación 6. Se recomienda realizar estudio de metilación de promotor de MLH1 en pacientes con pérdida de expresión de MLH1 en la inmunohistoquímica, acompañado o no de pérdida de expresión de PMS2. Todas las pacientes con déficit de MMR (mismatch repair), deben ser enviadas a genética para descartar síndrome de Lynch. Recomendación 7. Se recomienda tener en cuenta la clasificación molecular, además de los criterios histopatológicos clásicos para la toma de decisiones de adyuvancia, tal como los incorpora la clasificación de los grupos pronósticos de la guía ESGO/ ESTRO/ESP del 2020. Conclusiones: es necesario implementar la clasificación molecular de cáncer de endometrio en la práctica clínica acorde al contexto colombiano, dado su valor pronóstico y posiblemente predictivo. Esto permitirá la caracterización de la población colombiana para ofrecer tratamientos guiados de manera individualizada. Se trata de un documento académico y no regulatorio.

Cancer is a disease of older adults, with 60% of cancer diagnoses and 70% of cancer deaths occurring in individuals ≥ 65 years. Normal oral aging may transition to disease in the presence of one or more potential modifiers, such as a new oncological diagnosis or a new treatment. Oral conditions in patients with cancer cause significant morbidity. Previous work suggests that oral conditions are neither elicited/assessed/reassessed nor well-managed or investigated in older patients. However, frequently reported oral conditions in patients undergoing cancer therapy include xerostomia, dysgeusia, candidiasis, mucositis, and dental caries. Some oncological treatments such as hematopoietic stem cell transplant or chemotherapy/radiotherapy for head and neck cancers entail higher risks of oral complications. No specific recommendations in the case of older adults with cancer-associated oral conditions are available. Treatment recommendations are based on low levels of evidence and/or evidence extrapolated from younger patients with cancer.

This article examines preservice Spanish teachers' perceptions of linguistic sexism, norm, and use in Spanish. Analysis of 723 participants' answers showed that sexism and linguistic non-adequacy were associated. Results proved that the exclusion of women from the generic masculine in Spanish was considered sexist, and that participants used some Gender Fair Language (GFL) mechanisms to make women visible when deemed necessary, especially with professions. Also, regardless of its adherence to norm, linguistic sexism was perceived as grammatically wrong. Thus, GFL criteria were finding their way into use even if contrary to norm. Therefore, policies based on direct intervention in the training of preservice teachers Spanish as a first language would produce a more egalitarian use of language.

The discrepancy between experimental data and theoretical calculations in one-nucleon removal reactions at intermediate energies (quantified by the so-called “quenching factors”) and its dependence on the isospin asymmetry of the nuclei has been an open problem in nuclear physics for the last fifteen years. In this work, we propose an explanation for this long-standing problem, which relies on the inclusion of the process of core destruction due to its interaction with the removed nucleon. To include this effect, we extend the commonly used eikonal formalism via an effective nucleon density, and apply it to a series of nucleon knockout reactions. The effect of core destruction is found to depend strongly on the binding energy of the removed nucleon, leading to a significant reduction of the cross section for deeply bound nucleons, which reduces the isospin dependence of the “quenching factors”, making them more consistent with the trends found in transfer and (p,pN) reactions.

In this work, we report the measurement of elastic and Coulomb break-up channels in 6He+208Pb collisions at Elab = 19.3 MeV, close to the Coulomb barrier of this system ∼ 19 MeV. In the context of the astrophysical r-process, the reaction 4He(2n,γ)6He has been proposed to be a key reaction in the path of synthesizing seed nuclei for the r-process, as 12C, in an environment composed mainly of alpha particles and neutrons. Based on a theoretical approach for treating three body reactions by means of which its reaction rate can be inferred, our experimental approach aims to obtain an indirect measurement of the reaction rate of 4He(2n,γ)6He by measuring the Coulomb breakup of 6He under the intense electric field produced by a 208Pb target nucleus. The experiment was carried out at the TriSol facility operated in the Nuclear Science Laboratory of the University of Notre Dame, USA, which delivered a 6He beam together with other contaminants. Particular care must be taken for the alpha particles produced in the production reaction.

The article analyses the use of GFL in a corpus of 187 academic texts created by pre-service teachers. It reveals how participants reached a balance between the recommendations of GFL guides and the standard normative grammar included in the school curriculum. The study shows that although future teachers are aware of GFL and sensitive to discrimination, they used a combination of the generic masculine with GFL recommendations when deemed necessary. This has great pedagogical potential for the Spanish classroom, together with the potential to transform language and society.

In this work, we present an extension of the Continuum-Discretized Coupled-Channel formalism to include the effects of absorption and excitation of the core through its interaction with the removed particle in the description of nuclear breakup reactions. This extension is performed via the inclusion of a complex energy-dependent interaction between core and removed particle and the use of a binormal basis to ensure orthogonality. The formalism is applied to neutron breakup reactions with a 12C target at 70 MeV per nucleon for the loosely-bound 11Be nucleus and the more deeply-bound 41Ca nucleus, finding a moderate reduction in the cross section for the weakly-bound case and a strong reduction for the more deeply-bound case. Possible implications for the interpretation of intermediate-energy knockout reactions are discussed.

Cancer is primarily a disease of older persons. Given the heterogeneity of aging, physiological age, rather than chronological age, better expresses the cumulative effect of environmental, medical, and psychosocial stressors, which modifies life expectancy. Comprehensive geriatric assessment, a tool that helps ascertain the physiological age of older individuals, is the gold standard for assessing older adults with cancer. Several international organizations recommend using the geriatric assessment domains to identify unrecognized health problems that can interfere with treatment and predict adverse health-related outcomes, aiding complex treatment decision making. More recently, it has been shown that geriatric assessment-guided interventions improve quality of life and mitigate treatment toxicity without compromising survival. In this review, we discuss the role of comprehensive geriatric assessment in cancer care for older adults and provide the reader with useful information to assess potential treatment risks and benefits, anticipate complications, and plan interventions to better care for older people with cancer.

We describe the computed tomography angiography and histopathological features of intravenous leiomyomatosis, and discuss the patient outcome and complications associated with this condition.A 51-year-old woman with a history of atrial flutter presented to the emergency department with sudden onset of palpitations. Computed tomography angiography of the thorax and abdomen was requested, which revealed a tumor involving the right atrium, inferior vena cava, and bilateral iliac veins. Ten years ago, she had undergone hysterectomy for the removal of uterine leiomyomas. Surgery was performed to resect the intravascular and intracardiac tumor and was sent for histopathological analysis, which confirmed the diagnosis of intravenous leiomyomatosis.

This article analyzes the written expression in WhatsApp-type instant messaging applications of Andalusian adolescents who are in the last years of compulsory education in Spain. It aims to establish the relationship between the most relevant characteristics of the digital norm used by Andalusian adolescents in their communications through WhatsApp and the dialectal characteristics of their variety of Spanish. Additionally, this study intends to determine whether the writing norm in instant messaging applications influences the standard orthography of Spanish in school texts. A quantitative methodology has been used, analyzing objective data and carrying out a systematic and structured information collection process. A descriptive research design was employed using textual content analysis. The results show that the dialectal linguistic identity of Andalusian adolescent speakers on WhatsApp is mainly identified with suprasegmental linguistic features such as intonation and rhythm. Textisms related to the loss of the intervocalic -d- stand out, as well as those which reproduce the different realizations of the phonemes /s/ and /ʝ/. These features characterize the norm used by adolescent Andalusian speakers and coincide with the features that distinguish their way of pronouncing Spanish. The results show that these textisms are not related to the standard orthography of Spanish and do not cause non-standard orthography.

miniBELEN-10A is a modular and transportable moderated neutron counter with a nearly flat detection efficiency up to 8 MeV. The detector was designed to carry out measurements of (α, n) reactions in the context of the Measurement of Alpha Neutron Yields (MANY) project. In this work we present the results of the commissioning of miniBELEN-10A using the relatively well-known thick-target neutron yields from 27Al(α, n)30P.

In this work, the effect of nucleon-core absorption on nucleon removal reaction is explored through the use of complex nucleon-core interactions. Results are presented for exclusive breakup reactions, where absorption is explored through the use of a binormal basis in the continuum-discretized coupled-channel method, and for stripping nucleon knockout reactions, where absorption is considered through the application of an effective density in the eikonal approximation. Both methods show an increased effect of nucleon-core absorption when removing a deeply-bound nucleon, which leads to smaller cross sections, a reduction that is larger than in the weakly-bound case.

This work examines the perception held by pre-service teachers of Spanish in Chile and Argentina of the digital written norm in IM, together with their opinion regarding the influence of textisms on secondary students’ acquisition of orthographic competence. The study uses a transactional approach based on surveys and uses and applies a descriptive non-experimental design. Results, when compared with studies for the European Spanish variant, showed that pre-service teachers in Chile and Argentina considered use of textisms as harmful to secondary students’ development of orthographic competence, despite their own frequent use of textisms. However, one of the main findings is a certain degree of tolerance of specific types of textisms in digital writing, as was a more integrative approach to those written variables on the part of participants in Argentina.