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The data were used to analyze the thrust produced by a propeller, whose operating principles are based on the conservation of linear momentum. The study was carried out on an air track to avoid frictional forces. Several system characteristics were established, such as the angle of attack and different magnitudes were determined, including the dynamic thrust. 3D CAD software was used to design the propellers for the experiments. As propulsive systems are challenging for undergraduates to understand, it is essential to design experiments that can help their visualization and testing. The development of digital technology (high-speed cameras, digital tracking software, or 3D printers) facilitates the implementation of such designs.

[ES] El proyecto pretende realizar una gasolinera para venta de combustible. En la zona de venta de combustible se realizará una marquesina de 206 m2. Sustentada por dos soportes la marquesina se realiza para la protección de las personas y equipos en caso de inclemencias meteorológicas.

[EN] The lockdown period that started on March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic was a big challenge for students and teachers. Technology made the continuation of the teaching easier, and it also allowed teachers to keep the contact both with colleagues and with students. New teaching and evaluation methodologies and new coordination and cooperation systems had to be quickly implemented. Our previous experience in flipped teaching, active methodologies and validation of online exams, helped us to tackle the transition from face-to-face to fully online teaching. The experience was satisfactory for the theory classes, but some problems in the laboratory classes have emerged. After that, right now, some extra work is needed to overcome these difficulties considering that maybe the situation would become chronic. Once that we got over the shock of the first moment, the question is whether the resilience mechanisms will remain, and if the hybrid teaching (face-to-face & online) can replace effectively face-to-face teaching for a long time. In this work we present the students¿ opinion on this question. The analysis has been performed at the School of Design Engineering of the Universitat Politècnica de València, in different courses of physics of several engineering degrees (all of them, first academic year courses). One example of good practice during confinement was the weekly coordination meetings between teachers of the same course and between teachers of physics courses in different degrees. Another one was the online exams, taking advantage of the automatic correction tests, and including images of the documents written by the students for later review. The academic results were comparable to those of a normal course and student and teachers' surveys were conducted to know their opinion. The good performance during this new situation was due to the collaboration, patience, understanding and trust of the students and teachers that was created in those moments of cr

[EN] This study analyzes the opinion of the students and their academic performance in two groups of the subject of Physics for Computer Science of the Bachelor's Degree in Informatics Engineering of the Universitat Politècnica de València, during two successive years, in which the methodology of flip teaching is used, the first of them in face-to-face modality, and the second online due to the situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The perception by students of the flip teaching methodology as well as the online material used in this methodology has improved in this last year, compared to the previous one. This may be due to the fact that the subjects involved in the flip teaching methodology have been able to adapt more quickly and efficiently to the new situation caused by the pandemic, which has made it possible to improve the assessment of this educational methodology. This positive general assessment has resulted in an improvement in the academic results of the students because when they value the subject better, they are more motivated, work more and better, and their performance improves. In summary, we can conclude that, in the analyzed subject, the performance and perception of the flip teaching methodology has improved in the time of the pandemic, thus showing the adaptability of students and teachers in the face of adverse circumstances., [ES] Este trabajo analiza la opinión de los alumnos y su rendimiento académico en dos grupos de alumnos de la asignatura Fundamentos Físicos de la informática del Grado en Ingeniería Informática de la Universitat Politècnica de València, durante dos cursos consecutivos, en los cuales se siguió la metodología de docencia inversa. El primer curso se realizó de forma presencial y el segundo online debido a la situación provocada por la pandemia de la COVID-19. La percepción por parte de los alumnos de la metodología de docencia inversa, así como del material online utilizado en esta metodología, ha mejorado en este último curso en comparación con el anterior. Esto puede ser debido a que las asignaturas involucradas en la metodología de docencia inversa han podido adaptarse de forma más rápida y eficaz a la nueva situación provocada por la pandemia, lo que ha permitido mejorar la apreciación de esta metodología educativa. Esta valoración general positiva ha tenido como consecuencia una mejora en los resultados académicos de los estudiantes, posiblemente debido a que cuando valoran mejor la asignatura, están más motivados, trabajan más y mejor, y mejora su rendimiento. En resumen, podemos concluir que, en la asignatura analizada, el rendimiento y la percepción de la metodología de docencia inversa ha mejorado en la época de la pandemia, mostrando así la capacidad de adaptación de alumnado y profesorado frente a las circunstancias adversas.

[EN] Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and poly(caprolactone-co-glycolic acid) (PCLGA) solutions were electrospun into membranes with tailored fiber diameter of 1.8 mu m. This particular fiber diameter was tuned depending on the used co-polymer by adjusting the electrospinning parameters that mainly influence the fiber diameter. The greatest setting of the fiber diameter was achieved by varying the polymer solution parameters (polymer concentration, solvents and solvents ratio). PLGA was adequately electrospun with 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP), whereas PCLGA required a polar solvent (such as chloroform) with a lower dielectric constant. Moreover, due to the amorphous morphology of PCLGA, pyridine as salt had to be added to the starting solution to increase its conductivity and make it electrospinnable. Indeed, the electrospinning of this co-polymer presents notable difficulties due to its amorphous structure. Interestingly, PCLGA, having a higher glycolic acid molar fraction than commonly electrospun co-polymers (caprolactone:glycolic acid ratio of 45:55 instead of 90:10), could be successfully electrospun, which has not been reported to date. To an accurate setting of fiber diameter, the voltage and the distance from needle to collector were varied. Finally, the study of the surface tension, conductivity and viscosity of the polymer solutions allowed to correlate these particular characteristics of the solutions with the electrospinning variables so that prior knowledge of them enables predicting the required processing conditions.

[EN] Interactions between smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and biomaterials must not result in phenotype changes as this may generate uncontrolled multiplication processes and occlusions in vascular grafts. The aim of this study was to relate the hydrolytic stability and biocompatibility of polyurethanes (PUs) on SMCs. A higher polycaprolactone (PCL) concentration was found to improve the hydrolytic stability of the material and the adhesion of SMCs. A material with 5% polyethylene glycol, 90% PCL, and 5% pentaerythritol presented high cell viability and adhesion, suggesting a contractile phenotype in SMCs depending on the morphology. Nevertheless, all PUs retained their elastic modulus over 120 days, similar to the collagen of native arteries (similar to 10 MPa). Furthermore, aortic SMCs did not present toxicity (viability over 80%) and demonstrated adherence without any abnormal cell multiplication processes, which is ideal for the function to be fulfiled in situ in the vascular grafts.

[EN] Polyurethanes (PUs) from Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polycaprolactone diol (PCL) and a crosslinker, Pentaerythritol (PE), were synthetized with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI). In this study, we investigated the effect of polyol and crosslinker composition on phase separation and thermo-mechanical properties. The properties were studied through dynamic mechanical analysis, X-ray scattering, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed changes in PUs properties, microphase structure, and separation due to the composition of polyol/crosslinker blend. So, the largest concentration of PE produced multimodal loss factor patterns, indicating segment segregation while PUs with a PEG/PCL = 1 displayed a monomodal loss factor pattern, indicating a homogeneously distributed microphase separation. Additionally, the increase of the PEG concentration enhanced the damping capacity. On the other hand, agglomeration and thread-like structures of hard segments (HS) were observed through AFM. Finally, the thermal behavior of PUs was affected by chemical composition. Lower concentration of PE reduced the crosslinking; hence, the temperature with the maximum degradation rate.

[ES] El objetivo de este proyecto es la obtención experimental de la fuerza con que una hélice de tres palas impulsa a una deslizadera, en función del ángulo de ataque de la pala de la hélice. Partiendo de un banco de pruebas consistente en un carril cinemático y una deslizadera a la que se le incorpora la hélice, se realizan distintos ensayos variando el ángulo de ataque de las palas de la hélice. El análisis de los ensayos se realiza con una cámara de alta velocidad y software de video-análisis., [EN] The aim of this project is to obtain the experimental force with which a three-blade propeller drives a slider, depending on the angle of attack of the propeller blades. Starting from an experimental set-up consisting of a slider over an air track to which the propeller is incorporated, different tests are carried out varying the angle of attack of the propeller blades. The analysis of the tests will be carried out with a high-speed camera and video analysis software., [CA] En aquest treball s’estudien mitjançant assajos experimentals com canvia la força propulsiva al canviar l’angle d’atac de les pales d’una hèlix utilitzant un sistema propulsiu, format per un motor elèctric, el carret lliscador y l’hèlix, sobre un carril cinemàtic. En primer lloc, es realitza una introducció teòrica de caracterització de l'hèlix, així com l'explicació de l'assaig experimental i tota la instrumentació necessària per a la seva execució. En segon lloc, s'explica l'obtenció de les dades i el seu posterior processament. Finalment, s'analitzen els resultats.

[EN] This paper shows the data of the Flip Teaching and Traditional Methodology on the laboratory practice in two subjects, Physics and Electricity, of a technical degree. The laboratory and final grades of these subjects were shown in four consecutive years. The characteristics of all four years were quite similar, except that the Traditional teaching Methodology (TM) was used in two, while Flip Teaching methodology (FT) was applied in the other two. For further discussion, please refer to the scientific article entitled "Effectiveness of flip teaching on engineering students' performance in the physics lab" [1]. Additional segmentation data in three levels are presented in this data in brief paper.

[EN] The progressive introduction of the flip teaching (FT) instructional model into higher education has accelerated in recent years. The FT methodology seems to be especially suitable for laboratory practice sessions: before the lab session the students are given documents and videos that explain the theoretical contents and the experimental procedure. When this material is studied in advance, the practice session can be devoted to the discussion, clarification and practical application of the acquired knowledge. This paper describes the effect of the FT methodology on the students¿ academic performance when it was applied to the laboratory practice in two subjects, Physics and Electricity, of a technical degree. The laboratory and final grades of these subjects were compared in four consecutive years. The characteristics of all four years were quite similar, except that the traditional teaching method (TM) was used in two, while FT was applied in the other two. The statistical analysis shows that the academic results of the students were better in both subjects under FT than those obtained using TM, and that the difference was statistically significant.

[EN] Nowadays, it is well stablished the effectiveness of flip teaching in different areas. Video is widely used as a pre-class learning material and it is progressively replacing text-document materials. The students, 70 in total, are enrolled in the laboratory practice of the subject of Physics (Bachelor¿s Degree: Industrial Electronics and Automation Engineering) at the Universitat Politècnica de València. Student¿s perception data were collected from the results of a survey. Students were asked about the usefulness of the videos and the in-class work, paying special attention to the roll of the instructor in relation to the flip teaching methodology and the pre-class material. The students were divided into two groups. In one of them, the videos were recorded by the same instructor present at the lab session, whereas the other group, the videos used were recorded by instructors different from the instructor present at the lab. The results indicate that students feel that the videos are very useful, rather than the written documents. They attribute a high value to the instructor in the lab session as they feel more confident with their work and they can ask for help when needed. They value positively the possibility of work autonomously. Small differences have been found in the opinion of both groups being the higher in the question that concerns the preference of the videos respect to the text.

[EN] Neural tissue engineering aims at producing a simulated environment using a matrix that is suitable to grow specialized neurons/glial cells pertaining to CNS/PNS which replace damaged or lost tissues. The primary goal of this study is to design a compatible scaffold that supports the development of neural-lineage cells which aids in neural regeneration. The fabricated, freeze-dried scaffolds consisted of biocompatible, natural and synthetic polymers: gelatin and polyvinyl pyrrolidone. Physiochemical characterization was carried out using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) imaging. The 3D construct retains good swelling proficiency and holds the integrated structure that supports cell adhesion and proliferation. The composite of PVP-gelatin is blended in such a way that it matches the mechanical strength of the brain tissue. The cytocompatibility analysis shows that the scaffolds are compatible and permissible for the growth of both stem cells as well as differentiated neurons. A change in the ratios of the scaffold components resulted in varied sizes of pores giving diverse surface morphology, greatly influencing the properties of the neurons. However, there is no change in stem cell properties. Different types of neurons are characterized by the type of gene associated with the neurotransmitter secreted by them. The change in the neuron properties could be attributed to neuroplasticity. The plasticity of the neurons was analyzed using quantitative gene expression studies. It has been observed that the gelatin-rich construct supports the prolonged proliferation of stem cells and multiple neurons along with their plasticity.

[EN] Polyurethanes are widely used in the development of medical devices due to their biocompatibility, degradability, non-toxicity and chemical versatility. Polyurethanes were obtained from polyols derived from castor oil, and isophorone diisocyanate, with the incorporation of polycaprolactone-diol (15% w/w) and chitosan (3% w/w). The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the type of polyol and the incorporation of polycaprolactone-diol and chitosan on the mechanical and biological properties of the polyurethanes to identify the optimal ones for applications such as wound dressings or tissue engineering. Polyurethanes were characterized by stress-strain, contact angle by sessile drop method, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, water uptake and in vitro degradation by enzymatic processes. In vitro biological properties were evaluated by a 24 h cytotoxicity test using the colorimetric assay MTT and the LIVE/DEAD kit with cell line L-929 (mouse embryonic fibroblasts). In vitro evaluation of the possible inflammatory effect of polyurethane-based materials was evaluated by means of the expression of anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory cytokines expressed in a cellular model such as THP-1 cells by means of the MILLIPLEX® MAP kit. The modification of polyols derived from castor oil increases the mechanical properties of interest for a wide range of applications. The polyurethanes evaluated did not generate a cytotoxic effect on the evaluated cell line. The assessed polyurethanes are suggested as possible candidate biomaterials for wound dressings due to their improved mechanical properties and biocompatibility.

[EN] The use of the PoliformaT tool has been analysed, both in terms of the number of visits and their temporary distribution. As an example, the temporary pattern of visits to some videos has also been analysed. Both patterns have been analysed according to the date of the examination on the topic. In addition, an opinion survey has been carried out in which the students have been asked about the methodology and the tools and means available. The results indicate that the students work regularly with a good organization of time. They visit the page continuously with a slight increase the days before the exam, while they visit the videos earlier, more linked to the presentation of the corresponding topic., [ES] Se ha analizado el uso de la herramienta de PoliformaT, tanto el número de visitas como su distribución temporal. También se ha analizado, a modo de ejemplo, el patrón temporal de visitas a algunos vídeos. Ambos patrones se han analizado en función de la fecha del examen sobre esa materia. Además se ha realizado una encuesta de opinión en la que los estudiantes han valorado la metodología y las herramientas y medios disponibles. Los resultados indican que los alumnos trabajan de forma regular con una buena organización del tiempo. Visitan la página de forma continua con un ligero incremento los días antes del examen, mientras que visitan los vídeos con mayor antelación, más ligado a la presentación del tema correspondiente.

[EN] For this work, we report on the results of the BEMA assessment for students of Electricity courses of Engineering Degrees taught at the Higher Technical School of Design Engineering (ETSED) Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia (UPV). The BEMA pre-test and post-test assessment was delivered at the beginning and at the end of the course to students of the Degrees on Electronic Engineering and Industrial Automation (DEEIA) and Aerospace Engineering (DAE). The gain in the performance of BEMA test was analysed for both curricula and for three categories: electrostatics, dc current circuits and magnetostatics. The results show better results for DAE curriculum in the pre-test, but a lower gain in the post-test. The highest gain is obtained in magnetostatics, and no influence of the use of screencast is appreciated.

[EN] In recent years, new teaching methodologies have entered in the high education scenario: blended learning, problem-based learning, learning-oriented assessment, flip teaching, teamwork and effective oral and written communication are new pedagogical tools used in new instruction strategies. A key issue to guide the application of these new methodologies is the assessment of students performance. One broadly used tool for measure the student¿s performance in introductory physics is the Brief Electricity and Magnetism Assessment (BEMA), designed specifically as a standardized instrument to evaluate students¿ qualitative understanding of electricity and magnetism (E&M) key concepts. The reliability and discriminatory capability of BEMA has been previously studied. In this paper, BEMA is used to analyse the performance of E&M students. The E&M course analyzed is included in two different Bachelor¿s Degrees: Industrial Electronics and Automation Engineering (DIEA) and Aerospace Engineering (DA) both in Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Spain. They are semester traditional curriculums in which the use of traditional textbooks and screencast have been combined, including flip teaching methodologies. BEMA pre- and post-instruction tests were carried out at the beginning and end of the course respectively. To deepen understanding of student learning in the E&M course, correlations of pre- and post-instruction scores have been investigated, identifying the main gain and variance. The relevant information obtained through the BEMA test will allow instructors to monitor the use of new methodologies and teaching tools.

[EN] Blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and ionic liquids (ILs) with different cations and anions have been prepared by solvent casting. The IL content was the same in all blends of the series. Molecular relaxation and ionic conductivity have been systematically studied by broadband dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (BDS) in wide frequency (0.1 Hz-1 MHz) and temperature ranges (-120 to 150 degrees C) and the results have been analysed in terms of dielectric modulus M*(omega) and conductivity sigma*(omega) formalisms. The main relaxation process (beta-relaxation) of the amorphous phase of the blend that integrates amorphous polymer chain segments and IL molecules was observed. Significant differences in the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) fitting parameters in the PVDF/IL blends with different anions were detected. The conductivity sigma*(omega) formalism shows that it is strongly dependent on the miscibility of the IL with the amorphous PVDF chains and the type of anion. The Barton-Namikawa-Nakajima (BNN) relation sigma(0) similar to omega(c) is fulfilled for all PVDF/IL blends except for that containing 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate, [Emim][HSO4]. The activation energy of the ac conductivity, calculated according to the Dyre model, decreases for all PVDF/IL blends with respect to neat PVDF. The structure of the cation of the IL has been found to exert less influence on the dielectric and conductivity properties of the blends.

[EN] Films based on poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) blended with ionic liquids (ILs) comprising different cations and anions were developed to investigate the IL influence on the resulting PVDF crystalline phase. Blends with 25 wt % IL content were produced by solvent casting followed by solvent evaporation at 210 degrees C in an air oven. Five different ILs containing the same cation 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium [Emim] and five ILs containing the same anion bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [TFSI] were selected. The formation of the different phases and the resulting thermal and dynamic mechanical properties were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The incorporation of [Emim]-based ILs successfully directs the PVDF crystallization from the nonpolar alpha-phase toward the electroactive and highly polar beta-phase. On the contrary, blends containing [TFSI] as a common anion yield a mixture of alpha and beta phases. Overall, the induced beta-phase ranges between 14 and 95% depending on the incorporated IL type. Interestingly, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [Emim] [Cl] is the most effective IL among the studied ones to significantly enhance the beta-phase content, showing also a marked nucleating effect. The results suggest that ions favorably interact with PVDF chains and are located occupying the amorphous interlamellar PVDF regions. Furthermore, the studied ILs act as plasticizers, yielding lower glass-transition temperatures of the amorphous phase and decreasing mechanical storage modulus at room temperature.

[EN] Nowadays, Information and Communication Technologies play an important role in the teaching-learning process. Universities have incorporated different platforms specifically designed to educational institutions; among others Moodle and Sakai are being used in Spanish Universities. In particular, the Universitat Politècnica de València has adopted the PoliformaT platform, adapted from Sakai. It consists on different tools that facilitate the teaching and learning processes and the teacher–student communication. It enables teachers to improve their instructional design and it is of key importance in blended learning and flipped classroom approach. Lessons is a specific tool available in PoliformaT, which enables the organization of the different educational resources. It combines lecture slides, video lectures (from the teacher or from others sources), exams (quizzes, self-/peer-assessment), tasks and so on. The extensive use of the online platform in the daily learning of the subject, by several teachers and different student groups, needs to pay special attention to the resources organization. In contrary case, the subject platform can become a mess, losing its usefulness. In this paper, the utilization of Lessons by students in two first course subjects at the Universitat Politècnica de València is studied. The teachers of physics of the Aerospace Engineering Degree and electricity of Electronic and Automatic Engineering Degree have designed the course activities by means of the Lessons tool. There are important research questions related to the Lessons tool: how often, when, and how students access to the different contents?, do they think it is useful? At a second level, one can be asked if student perceptions are related to learning outcomes. We will use students' learning tracks, student’s survey and scores to answer these questions.

[EN] Polyurethane/cellulose composites were synthesized from castor-oil-derived polyols and isophorone diisocyanate using dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) as the catalyst. Materials were obtained by adding 2% cellulose in the form of either microcrystals (20 lm) or nanocrystals obtained by acid hydrolysis. The aim was to assess the effects of filler particle size and the use of a catalyst on the physicochemical properties and biological response of these composites. The addition of the catalyst was found to be essential to prevent filler aggregations and to enhance the tensile strength and elongation at break. The cellulose particle size influenced the composite properties, as its nanocrystals heighten hydrogen bond interactions between the filler surface and polyurethane domains, improving resistance to hydrolytic degradation. All hybrids retained cell viability, and the addition of DBTDL did not impair their biocompatibility. The samples were prone to calcification, which suggests that they could find application in the development of bioactive materials.

[EN] The glass transition dynamics and the charge transport for blends composed of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and the ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, [Emim] [TESI] have been investigated as a function of different IL content (0, 10, 25 and 40 % wt) by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA) and broadband dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (BDS) in wide frequency and temperature ranges (0.1 Hz-1 MHz and -120 to 150 degrees C, respectively). The inclusion of the IL in the polymer matrix affected the main relaxation process (beta-relaxation) of the amorphous phase of the polymer matrix detected with all the techniques employed. It is demonstrated, that the chain segments of PVDF and the IL are mixed at the nanometer range. The blends were homogeneous regardless of the amount of IL and the glass transition temperature (Tg) shifted to lower temperatures as the IL content was increased. A good agreement between the Tg measured by BDS and DSC was observed for all PVDF/IL samples. The conductivity formalism revealed significant contributions of the IL concentration to the conductivity behavior of the blends in that is described by charge motion and electrode polarization effects. The activation energy of all the PVDF/IL samples, calculated by Dyre model, decreased with IL addition with respect to that of neat PVDF. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

[ES] En el presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado se lleva a cabo un estudio de los parámetros que influyen en la formación de membranas de electrohilado de ácido poli (láctico-co-glicólico) y ácido poli (glicólico-co-caprolactona). La optimización de los parámetros (del proceso, de la disolución y condiciones ambientales) permitirá introducir la curcumina, un fármaco modelo, en la membrana mediante la técnica de electrohilado, tras ser disuelta junto al ácido poli (láctico-coglicólico) en un disolvente (hexafluoro-2-propanol) que deberá ser afín tanto al fármaco como al copolímero. La adición del fármaco permitirá estudiar la viabilidad de membranas electrohiladas de ácido poli (láctico-co-glicólico) como sistemas de liberación controlada in vitro de fármacos, ya que las membranas constituirán un soporte material con poros de tamaño subcelular que no permitirán el paso de células, pero sí el paso de medio de cultivo y moléculas bioactivas, [CA] En el present Treball Final de Grau es realitza un estudi dels paràmetres que influïxen en la formació de membranes d'electrohilado d'àcid poli (láctico-co- glicólico) i àcid poli (glicólico-cocaprolactona) . L'optimització dels paràmetres (del procés, de la dissolució i condicions ambientals) permetrà introduir la curcumina, un fàrmac model, en la membrana per mitjà de la tècnica d'electrohilado, després de ser dissolta junt amb l'àcid poli (láctico-co-glicólico) en un dissolvent (hexafluoro-2-propanol) que haurà de ser afí tant al fàrmac com al copolímero. L'addició del fàrmac permetrà estudiar la viabilitat de membranes electrohilades d'àcid poli (láctico-co- glicólico) com a sistemes d'alliberament controlada in vitro de fàrmacs, ja que les membranes constituiran un suport material amb porus de grandària subcel·lular que no permetran el pas de cèl·lules, però sí el pas de mig de cultiu i molècules bioactivas., [EN] The present Final Degree Project carries out a study of the parameters that influence in the formation of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) and poly (glycolic-co-caprolactone) electrospinning membranes. Parameters optimization (process, solution and environmental conditions) will allow to introduce curcumin, wich is a model drug, in the membrane by electrospinning technique. Curcumin will have to be dissolved with poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) in a compatible solvent (hexafluoro-2-propanol). Drug addition will enable to study the viability of poly (lacticco-glycolic acid) electrospinning membranes as drug delivery in vitro systems, due to the ability of this membranes to act as a support material with subcellular porous size. This porous will not enable the cells to pass through due to their size but they will do allow culture medium and bioactive molecules.

En el ámbito de la realización del presente Trabajo Final de Máster se busca compatibilizar la obtención de blendas basadas en polihidroxietilmetacrilato y policaprolactona, polímeros de naturaleza predominantemente polar y apolar, respectivamente. Para la obtención de mezclas homogéneas, se estudiará el uso de disolventes comunes a ambos polímeros. Además, los disolventes estudiados deberán inhibir el entrecruzamiento físico del polihidroxietilmetacrilato durante su polimerización, de modo que las consiguientes mezclas puedan ser electrohilables. A partir de la etapa de electrohilado se espera obtener membranas compuestas por redes semiinterpenetradas insolubles en medio acuoso. Por último, se analizará el potencial de las mencionadas redes interpenetradas para adsorber proteínas y otras biomoléculas que sirvan como señal para la diferenciación osteogénica de células madre mesenquimales., During the present Trabajo Final de Máster the student will address how to obtain polymer blends based in poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and polycaprolactone, of prevailing polar and non-polar moieties, respectively. To obtain such homogenous mixtures, the use of common solvents for both macromolecules will be studied. Furthermore, these solvents will be used to inhibit the physical crosslinking of hydroxymethyl methacrylate chains during their radical polymerisation, so the liquid mixtures can be electrospunable. The electrospinning step is intended to obtain thin membranes composed by semi-interpenetrating networks that are insolubles in aqueous media. Lastly, the potential of the aforementioned membranes for the adsorption of serum proteins and other cues related to osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells will be assessed.

[EN] The use of multimedia tools for the development and implementation of teaching material is considered of paramount importance for first degree courses. Thus, we have observed, in fundamentals of Physics subjects, how the use of this kind of didactic material increases the motivation and the learning curve of the student. In this work, we present a virtual lab for the calculation of moments that allow multiple selections such as the vector representation, its action line and the moment in a 3D environment. This applet allows the user modifying the point of view and the scale in an interactive way. Besides the visualization, this virtual lab allows the calculation of the moment of a sliding vector with respect to an axis and perform different operation between them. Additionally, it helps to understand the relation between the velocity at a point and the angular velocity of the rigid body in rotation to whom it belongs, the moment of a force with respect to an axis, and the way that this force affects the rotation. All of this supports the development of several transversal skills., [ES] El uso de herramientas multimedia para el desarrollo e implementación de material didáctico se considera de una importancia capital para los primeros cursos de grado. Así, en las asignaturas de fundamentos de Física hemos observado cómo el uso de esta clase de material aumenta tanto la satisfacción como el aprendizaje del alumno. En este trabajo, presentamos un laboratorio virtual para el cálculo de momentos que permite múltiples opciones como la representación del vector, su línea de acción y su momento en un entorno 3D. Este applet permite al usuario modificar tanto el punto de vista como la escala de forma interactiva. Además de la visualización, este laboratorio virtual permite calcular el momento del vector deslizante respecto a un eje y realizar operaciones entre ellos. Asimismo, ayuda a comprender la relación entre la velocidad de un punto y la velocidad angular del sólido rígido en rotación al que pertenece, el momento de una fuerza respecto a un eje, y la forma en que dicha fuerza afecta a una rotación. Todo esto sustenta el desarrollo de diversas competencias transversales.

[ES] El desarrollo de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación ha producido un incremento del uso de la Computer Based Assessment (CBA, evaluación basada en ordenadores). en la educación superior. En la última década, ha habido un debate sobre los exámenes online vs los escritos tradicionales. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido verificar si los estudiantes tienen prejuicios sobre los exámenes online con corrección automática, y si ese es el caso, determinar los motivos. El estudio se realizó en el contexto de una evaluación mixta que implicó a 1200 estudiantes matriculados en una asignatura de física de primer curso universitario. De entre ellos, 463 respondieron a una encuesta anónima. Del análisis cuantitativo de la encuesta surgieron tres factores (etiquetados «F1-Learning», «F2-Use of Tool» y «F3-Assessment»), y se estableció una escala aditiva. Hemos encontrado diferencias significativas en el factor «F3-Assessment» en comparación con los otros dos factores, lo que indica una menor aceptación de la herramienta para la evaluación del estudiante. Parece ser que, a pesar de que los estudiantes están acostumbrados a los ordenadores, tienen una falta de confianza en los exámenes online. Para reforzar y matizar los resultados cuantitativos de la encuesta, incluimos una pregunta abierta y realizamos una entrevista a un pequeño grupo de 11 estudiantes. Aunque sus comentarios fueron en general positivos, especialmente sobre la facilidad de uso y sobre su utilidad para conocer el nivel alcanzado durante el proceso de aprendizaje, hubo algunas críticas sobre la claridad de las preguntas y el rigor del sistema de puntuación. Estos dos factores, entre otros, podrían ser la causa de la peor percepción del factor «F3-Assessment» y el origen de las reticencias de los estudiantes a los exámenes online y a la corrección automática., [EN] Development of the information and communication technologies has led to an increase in the use of Computer Based Assessment (CBA) in higher education. In the last decade, there has been a discussion on online versus the traditional pen-and-paper exams. The aim of this study was to verify whether students have reserves about auto-scored online exams, and if that is the case, to determine the reasons. The study was performed in the context of a blended assessment in which 1200 students were enrolled on a first-year physics university course. Among them, 463 answered an anonymous survey, supplemented by information obtained from an open-ended question and from interviews with students. Three factors (labelled `F1-Learning,¿ `F2-Use of Tool,¿ and `F3-Assessment¿) emerged from the quantitative analysis of the survey, and an additive scale was established. We found significant differences in the `F3-Assessment¿ factor compared to the other two factors, indicating a lower acceptance of the tool for student assessment. It seems that even though students are used to computers, they have a lack of confidence in online exams. We carried out an in-depth survey on this topic in the form of an open-ended question and by interviewing a small group of 11 students to confer strength and nuance to the quantitative results of the survey. Although their comments were in general positive, especially on ease-of-use and on its usefulness in indicating the level achieved during the learning process, there was also some criticism of the clarity of questions and the strictness system of marking. These two factors, among others, could have been the cause of the worse perception of F3-Assessment and the origin of the students¿ reluctances of online exams and automatic scoring.

[EN] Polyurethanes (PUs) from castor oil (CO), modified CO (MCO) by transesterification reaction, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) in an NCO/OH ratio equal to 1, and chitosan (CS) were synthesized to assess their potential as biomaterials. PUs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, hydroxyl value (ASTM D1957), thermogravimetric analysis, Shore A hardness (ASTM D2240), and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Also, contact angle, water retention and in vitro degradation in PBS, and cell viability on fibroblast were performed. The hydroxyl value confirms CO modification, and IR analysis confirms urethane bond formation. The thermal assay does not show new degradation stages and polyol with a high functionality had better hardness performance due to the increase in cross-linking. The micrograph shows micro-phase separation of both polymers. The contact angle shows the hydrophobic surface with an angle over 65°, and the CS and polyol type do not affect swelling and in vitro degradation due to phase separation between both polymers. The cell viability was over 70% in all cases, and solid polymers and degradation products involve non-cytotoxic effects on the samples. The results suggest a potential for these formulations in the biomedical field.