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4. Echocardiographic reference ranges for normal left atrial function parameters: Results from the EACVI NORRE study

Author

Sugimoto, T, Robinet, S, Dulgheru, R, Bernard, A, Ilardi, F, Contu, L, Addetia, K, Caballero, L, Kacharava, G, Athanassopoulos, G, Barone, D, Baroni, M, Cardim, N, Hagendorff, A, Hristova, K, Lopez, T, De La Morena, G, Popescu, B, Penicka, M, Ozyigit, T, Rodrigo Carbonero, J, Van De Veire, N, Von Bardeleben, R, Vinereanu, D, Zamorano, J, Go, Y, Marchetta, S, Nchimi, A, Rosca, M, Calin, A, Moonen, M, Cimino, S, Magne, J, Cosyns, B, Galli, E, Donal, E, Habib, G, Esposito, R, Galderisi, M, Badano, L, Lang, R, Lancellotti, P, Sugimoto T., Robinet S., Dulgheru R., Bernard A., Ilardi F., Contu L., Addetia K., Caballero L., Kacharava G., Athanassopoulos G. D., Barone D., Baroni M., Cardim N., Hagendorff A., Hristova K., Lopez T., De La Morena G., Popescu B. A., Penicka M., Ozyigit T., Rodrigo Carbonero J. D., Van De Veire N., Von Bardeleben R. S., Vinereanu D., Zamorano J. L., Go Y. Y., Marchetta S., Nchimi A., Rosca M., Calin A., Moonen M., Cimino S., Magne J., Cosyns B., Galli E., Donal E., Habib G., Esposito R., Galderisi M., Badano L., Lang R. M., Lancellotti P., Sugimoto, T, Robinet, S, Dulgheru, R, Bernard, A, Ilardi, F, Contu, L, Addetia, K, Caballero, L, Kacharava, G, Athanassopoulos, G, Barone, D, Baroni, M, Cardim, N, Hagendorff, A, Hristova, K, Lopez, T, De La Morena, G, Popescu, B, Penicka, M, Ozyigit, T, Rodrigo Carbonero, J, Van De Veire, N, Von Bardeleben, R, Vinereanu, D, Zamorano, J, Go, Y, Marchetta, S, Nchimi, A, Rosca, M, Calin, A, Moonen, M, Cimino, S, Magne, J, Cosyns, B, Galli, E, Donal, E, Habib, G, Esposito, R, Galderisi, M, Badano, L, Lang, R, Lancellotti, P, Sugimoto T., Robinet S., Dulgheru R., Bernard A., Ilardi F., Contu L., Addetia K., Caballero L., Kacharava G., Athanassopoulos G. D., Barone D., Baroni M., Cardim N., Hagendorff A., Hristova K., Lopez T., De La Morena G., Popescu B. A., Penicka M., Ozyigit T., Rodrigo Carbonero J. D., Van De Veire N., Von Bardeleben R. S., Vinereanu D., Zamorano J. L., Go Y. Y., Marchetta S., Nchimi A., Rosca M., Calin A., Moonen M., Cimino S., Magne J., Cosyns B., Galli E., Donal E., Habib G., Esposito R., Galderisi M., Badano L., Lang R. M., and Lancellotti P.

Abstract

Aims To obtain the normal ranges for echocardiographic measurements of left atrial (LA) function from a large group of healthy volunteers accounting for age and gender. Methods and results A total of 371 (median age 45 years) healthy subjects were enrolled at 22 collaborating institutions collaborating in the Normal Reference Ranges for Echocardiography (NORRE) study of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI). Left atrial data sets were analysed with a vendor-independent software (VIS) package allowing homogeneous measurements irrespective of the echocardiographic equipment used to acquire data sets. The lowest expected values of LA function were 26.1%, 48.7%, and 41.4% for left atrial strain (LAS), 2D left atrial emptying fraction (LAEF), and 3D LAEF (reservoir function); 7.7%, 24.2%, and â '0.53/s for LAS-Active, LAEF-Active, and LA strain rate during LA contraction (SRa) (pump function) and 12.0% and 21.6% for LAS-passive and LAEF-passive (conduit function). Left atrial reservoir and conduit function were decreased with age while pump function was increased. All indices of reservoir function and all LA strains had no difference in both gender and vendor. However, inter-vendor differences were observed in LA SRa despite the use of VIS. Conclusion The NORRE study provides contemporary, applicable echocardiographic reference ranges for LA function. Our data highlight the importance of age-specific reference values for LA functions.

Published
2018

6. Echocardiographic reference ranges for normal left ventricular 2D strain: Results from the EACVI NORRE study

Author

Sugimoto, T, Dulgheru, R, Bernard, A, Ilardi, F, Contu, L, Addetia, K, Caballero, L, Akhaladze, N, Athanassopoulos, G, Barone, D, Baroni, M, Cardim, N, Hagendorff, A, Hristova, K, Lopez, T, De La Morena, G, Popescu, B, Moonen, M, Penicka, M, Ozyigit, T, Carbonero, J, Van De Veire, N, Von Bardeleben, R, Vinereanu, D, Zamorano, J, Go, Y, Rosca, M, Calin, A, Magne, J, Cosyns, B, Marchetta, S, Donal, E, Habib, G, Galderisi, M, Badano, L, Lang, R, Lancellotti, P, Sugimoto T., Dulgheru R., Bernard A., Ilardi F., Contu L., Addetia K., Caballero L., Akhaladze N., Athanassopoulos G. D., Barone D., Baroni M., Cardim N., Hagendorff A., Hristova K., Lopez T., De La Morena G., Popescu B. A., Moonen M., Penicka M., Ozyigit T., Carbonero J. D. R., Van De Veire N., Von Bardeleben R. S., Vinereanu D., Zamorano J. L., Go Y. Y., Rosca M., Calin A., Magne J., Cosyns B., Marchetta S., Donal E., Habib G., Galderisi M., Badano L., Lang R. M., Lancellotti P., Sugimoto, T, Dulgheru, R, Bernard, A, Ilardi, F, Contu, L, Addetia, K, Caballero, L, Akhaladze, N, Athanassopoulos, G, Barone, D, Baroni, M, Cardim, N, Hagendorff, A, Hristova, K, Lopez, T, De La Morena, G, Popescu, B, Moonen, M, Penicka, M, Ozyigit, T, Carbonero, J, Van De Veire, N, Von Bardeleben, R, Vinereanu, D, Zamorano, J, Go, Y, Rosca, M, Calin, A, Magne, J, Cosyns, B, Marchetta, S, Donal, E, Habib, G, Galderisi, M, Badano, L, Lang, R, Lancellotti, P, Sugimoto T., Dulgheru R., Bernard A., Ilardi F., Contu L., Addetia K., Caballero L., Akhaladze N., Athanassopoulos G. D., Barone D., Baroni M., Cardim N., Hagendorff A., Hristova K., Lopez T., De La Morena G., Popescu B. A., Moonen M., Penicka M., Ozyigit T., Carbonero J. D. R., Van De Veire N., Von Bardeleben R. S., Vinereanu D., Zamorano J. L., Go Y. Y., Rosca M., Calin A., Magne J., Cosyns B., Marchetta S., Donal E., Habib G., Galderisi M., Badano L., Lang R. M., and Lancellotti P.

Abstract

Aims To obtain the normal ranges for 2D echocardiographic (2DE) measurements of left ventricular (LV) strain from a large group of healthy volunteers accounting for age and gender Methods and results A total of 549 (mean age: 45.6 ± 13.3 years) healthy subjects were enrolled at 22 collaborating institutions of the Normal Reference Ranges for Echocardiography (NORRE) study. 2DE data sets have been analysed with a vendorindependent software package allowing homogeneous measurements irrespective of the echocardiographic equipment used to acquire the data sets. The lowest expected values of LV strains and twist calculated as ± 1.96 standard deviations from the mean were-16.7% in men and-17.8% in women for longitudinal strain,-22.3% and-23.6% for circumferential strain, 20.6% and 21.5% for radial strain, and 2.2 degrees and 1.9 degrees for twist, respectively. In multivariable analysis, longitudinal strain decreased with age whereas the opposite occurred with circumferential and radial strain. Male gender was associated with lower strain for longitudinal, circumferential, and radial strain. Inter-vendor differences were observed for circumferential and radial strain despite the use of vendor-independent software. Importantly, no intervendor differences were noted in longitudinal strain. Conclusion The NORRE study provides contemporary, applicable 2D echocardiographic reference ranges for LV longitudinal, radial, and circumferential strain. Our data highlight the importance of age-and gender-specific reference values for LV strain.

Published
2017

12. Susceptibility of Monkeys to Human Hepatitis A Virus.

Author

Mao, J. S., Go, Y. Y., Huang, H. Y., Yu, P. H., Huang, B. Z., Ding, Z. S., Chen, N. L., Yu, J. H., and Xie, R. Y.

Abstract

A stump-tailed monkey, newly caught and without antibody to hepatitis A virus (HAV), was successfully infected with human HAV. The following alterations were observed in the monkey's functions: (1) elevation in activities of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, and its type 5 isoenzyme (electrophoretically the fastest moving); (2) development of antibody to HAV; and (3) shedding of HAV antigen in feces. The virus isolated from the monkey, designated the Hangzhou A-1A strain of HAV, was serially transmitted to two other stump-tailed monkeys. Thus, the stumptailed monkey (Macaca speciosa) is susceptible to infection with human HAV. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
1981
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13. Echocardiographic reference ranges for normal left ventricular layer-specific strain: results from the EACVI NORRE study

Author

Erwan Donal, Ralph Stephan von Bardeleben, Jose David Rodrigo Carbonero, Maurizio Galderisi, Simona Sperlongano, Monica Rosca, Caroline Piette, Roberta Manganaro, Daniele Barone, Adriana Postolache, Gonzalo de la Morena, Ciro Santoro, Federica Ilardi, Teresa López, George Kacharava, Bogdan A. Popescu, Monica Baroni, Elena Galli, Patrizio Lancellotti, Toshimitsu Tsugu, Julien Magne, Yun Yun Go, Dragos Vinereanu, Nuno Cardim, Marie Moonen, Julien Tridetti, Andreea Calin, José Luis Zamorano, Tolga Ozyigit, Krasimira Hristova, Martin Penicka, Mai-Linh Nguyen Trung, Bernard Cosyns, Raluca Elena Dulgheru, Alexandra Maria Chitroceanu, Tadafumi Sugimoto, George Athanassopoulos, Luigi P. Badano, Nico Van de Veire, Roberto M. Lang, Andreas Hagendorff, Tsugu, Toshimitsu, Postolache, Adriana, Dulgheru, Raluca, Sugimoto, Tadafumi, Tridetti, Julien, Nguyen Trung, Mai-Linh, Piette, Caroline, Moonen, Marie, Manganaro, Roberta, Ilardi, Federica, Chitroceanu, Alexandra Maria, Sperlongano, Simona, Go, Yun Yun, Kacharava, George, Athanassopoulos, George D, Barone, Daniele, Baroni, Monica, Cardim, Nuno, Hagendorff, Andrea, Hristova, Krasimira, Lopez, Teresa, de la Morena, Gonzalo, Popescu, Bogdan A, Penicka, Martin, Ozyigit, Tolga, Rodrigo Carbonero, Jose David, van de Veire, Nico, Von Bardeleben, Ralph Stephan, Vinereanu, Drago, Zamorano, Jose Lui, Rosca, Monica, Calin, Andreea, Magne, Julien, Cosyns, Bernard, Galli, Elena, Donal, Erwan, Santoro, Ciro, Galderisi, Maurizio, Badano, Luigi P, Lang, Roberto M, Lancellotti, Patrizio, Tsugu, T., Postolache, A., Dulgheru, R., Sugimoto, T., Tridetti, J., Trung, M. -L. N., Piette, C., Moonen, M., Manganaro, R., Ilardi, F., Chitroceanu, A. M., Sperlongano, S., Go, Y. Y., Kacharava, G., Athanassopoulos, G. D., Barone, D., Baroni, M., Cardim, N., Hagendorff, A., Hristova, K., Lopez, T., de la Morena, G., Popescu, B. A., Penicka, M., Ozyigit, T., Carbonero, J. D. R., van de Veire, N., von Bardeleben, R. S., Vinereanu, D., Zamorano, J. L., Rosca, M., Calin, A., Magne, J., Cosyns, B., Galli, E., Donal, E., Santoro, C., Galderisi, M., Badano, L. P., Lang, R. M., Lancellotti, P., Clinical sciences, Cardio-vascular diseases, Cardiology, GIGA [Université Liège], Université de Liège, CHU Limoges, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image (LTSI), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), GE Healthcare and Philips Healthcare, Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Tsugu, T, Postolache, A, Dulgheru, R, Sugimoto, T, Tridetti, J, Nguyen Trung, M, Piette, C, Moonen, M, Manganaro, R, Ilardi, F, Chitroceanu, A, Sperlongano, S, Go, Y, Kacharava, G, Athanassopoulos, G, Barone, D, Baroni, M, Cardim, N, Hagendorff, A, Hristova, K, Lopez, T, de la Morena, G, Popescu, B, Penicka, M, Ozyigit, T, Rodrigo Carbonero, J, van de Veire, N, Von Bardeleben, R, Vinereanu, D, Zamorano, J, Rosca, M, Calin, A, Magne, J, Cosyns, B, Galli, E, Donal, E, Santoro, C, Galderisi, M, Badano, L, Lang, R, and Lancellotti, P

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, adult echocardiography, deformation imaging, Heart Ventricles, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Ventricular Function, Left, Reference values, 2D echocardiography, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Internal medicine, reference values, Healthy volunteers, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, 030212 general & internal medicine, Endocardium, Normal range, Strain (chemistry), business.industry, Myocardium, Healthy subjects, reference value, Mean age, General Medicine, MED/11 - MALATTIE DELL'APPARATO CARDIOVASCOLARE, Middle Aged, Apex (geometry), Echocardiography, Cardiology, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Female, business, Large group, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Human
Abstract

Aims To obtain the normal range for 2D echocardiographic (2DE) measurements of left ventricular (LV) layer-specific strain from a large group of healthy volunteers of both genders over a wide range of ages. Methods and results A total of 287 (109 men, mean age: 46 ± 14 years) healthy subjects were enrolled at 22 collaborating institutions of the EACVI Normal Reference Ranges for Echocardiography (NORRE) study. Layer-specific strain was analysed from the apical two-, three-, and four-chamber views using 2DE software. The lowest values of layer-specific strain calculated as ±1.96 standard deviations from the mean were −15.0% in men and −15.6% in women for epicardial strain, −16.8% and −17.7% for mid-myocardial strain, and −18.7% and −19.9% for endocardial strain, respectively. Basal-epicardial and mid-myocardial strain decreased with age in women (epicardial; P = 0.008, mid-myocardial; P = 0.003) and correlated with age (epicardial; r = −0.20, P = 0.007, mid-myocardial; r = −0.21, P = 0.006, endocardial; r = −0.23, P = 0.002), whereas apical-epicardial, mid-myocardial strain increased with the age in women (epicardial; P = 0.006, mid-myocardial; P = 0.03) and correlated with age (epicardial; r = 0.16, P = 0.04). End/Epi ratio at the apex was higher than at the middle and basal levels of LV in men (apex; 1.6 ± 0.2, middle; 1.2 ± 0.1, base 1.1 ± 0.1) and women (apex; 1.6 ± 0.1, middle; 1.1 ± 0.1, base 1.2 ± 0.1). Conclusion The NORRE study provides useful 2DE reference ranges for novel indices of layer-specific strain.

Published
2020
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14. Echocardiographic reference ranges for normal non-invasive myocardial work indices: results from the EACVI NORRE study

Author

Stella Marchetta, Anne Bernard, Ralph Stephan von Bardeleben, Elena Galli, Tadafumi Sugimoto, Concetta Zito, Maurizio Galderisi, Sébastien Robinet, Daniele Barone, Sara Cimino, Monica Baroni, Tolga Ozyigit, Yun Yun Go, Bernard Cosyns, Roberta Manganaro, Marie Moonen, Ciro Santoro, George Athanassopoulos, Gonzalo de la Morena, Scipione Carerj, Andreas Hagendorff, Erwan Donal, José Luis Zamorano, Nico Van de Veire, Federica Ilardi, Patrizio Lancellotti, Dragos Vinereanu, Bogdan A. Popescu, Monica Rosca, Raluca Elena Dulgheru, Krasimira Hristova, Nuno Cardim, Jose David Rodrigo Carbonero, Roberto M. Lang, Teresa López-Fernández, Luigi P. Badano, Andreea Calin, Cécile Oury, Julien Magne, Martin Penicka, George Kacharava, Clinical sciences, Cardio-vascular diseases, Cardiology, Manganaro, R, Marchetta, S, Dulgheru, R, Ilardi, F, Sugimoto, T, Robinet, S, Cimino, S, Go, Y, Bernard, A, Kacharava, G, Athanassopoulos, G, Barone, D, Baroni, M, Cardim, N, Hagendorff, A, Hristova, K, López-Fernández, T, de la Morena, G, Popescu, B, Penicka, M, Ozyigit, T, Rodrigo Carbonero, J, van de Veire, N, Von Bardeleben, R, Vinereanu, D, Zamorano, J, Rosca, M, Calin, A, Moonen, M, Magne, J, Cosyns, B, Galli, E, Donal, E, Carerj, S, Zito, C, Santoro, C, Galderisi, M, Badano, L, Lang, R, Oury, C, Lancellotti, P, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège (CHU-Liège), CHU Trousseau [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CIC-IT Rennes, Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Messina, GE Healthcare, EACVI Research and Innovation Committee, Heart House, NORRE, Philips Healthcare, Manganaro, R., Marchetta, S., Dulgheru, R., Ilardi, F., Sugimoto, T., Robinet, S., Cimino, S., Go, Y. Y., Bernard, A., Kacharava, G., Athanassopoulos, G. D., Barone, D., Baroni, M., Cardim, N., Hagendorff, A., Hristova, K., Lopez-Fernandez, T., De La Morena, G., Popescu, B. A., Penicka, M., Ozyigit, T., Rodrigo Carbonero, J. D., Van De Veire, N., Von Bardeleben, R. S., Vinereanu, D., Zamorano, J. L., Rosca, M., Calin, A., Moonen, M., Magne, J., Cosyns, B., Galli, E., Donal, E., Carerj, S., Zito, C., Santoro, C., Galderisi, M., Badano, L. P., Lang, R. M., Oury, C., Lancellotti, P., Universität Leipzig, and Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, adult echocardiography, Work efficiency, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 2D echocardiography, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Reference Values, Internal medicine, medicine.artery, Healthy volunteers, Medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, myocardial work, reference values, Prospective Studies, Brachial artery, adult echocardiography • 2D echocardiography • myocardial work • reference values, business.industry, Non invasive, Healthy subjects, reference value, Mean age, General Medicine, MED/11 - MALATTIE DELL'APPARATO CARDIOVASCOLARE, Middle Aged, Europe, Blood pressure, Echocardiography, Heart Function Tests, Cardiology, Female, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Large group, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract

International audience; Aims - To obtain the normal ranges for 2D echocardiographic (2DE) indices of myocardial work (MW) from a large group of healthy volunteers over a wide range of ages and gender. Methods and results - A total of 226 (85 men, mean age: 45 ± 13 years) healthy subjects were enrolled at 22 collaborating institutions of the Normal Reference Ranges for Echocardiography (NORRE) study. Global work index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), global work waste (GWW), and global work efficiency (GWE) were estimated from left ventricle (LV) pressure-strain loops. Peak LV systolic pressure was non-invasively derived from brachial artery cuff pressure. The lowest values of MW indices in men and women were 1270 mmHg% and 1310 mmHg% for GWI, 1650 mmHg% and 1544 mmHg% for GCW, and 90% and 91% for GWE, respectively. The highest value for GWW was 238 mmHg% in men and 239 mmHg% in women. Men had significant lower values of GWE and higher values of GWW. GWI and GCW significantly increased with age in women. Conclusion - The NORRE study provides useful 2DE reference ranges for novel indices of non-invasive MW.

Published
2019
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15. What Does 3D Echocardiography Add to 2D Echocardiography in the Assessment of Mitral Regurgitation?

Author

Stella Marchetta, Raluca Elena Dulgheru, Federica Ilardi, Laura Contu, Tadafumi Sugimoto, Yun Yun Go, Patrizio Lancellotti, Sugimoto, T., Dulgheru, R., Marchetta, S., Ilardi, F., Contu, L., Go, Y. Y., and Lancellotti, P.

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Assessment, Effective Regurgitant Orifice Area, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 2d echocardiography, Mitral valve, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Heart valve, Mitral regurgitation, 3D echocardiography, Transoesophageal echocardiography, business.industry, Mitral Valve Insufficiency, Patient management, Echocardiography, Doppler, Color, Clinical Practice, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cardiology, Transcatheter procedure, Mitral Valve, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, 3d echocardiography, Human
Abstract

Purpose of Review: The purpose of this review was to elucidate the additional value of 3D echocardiography for the assessment of mitral regurgitation (MR) compared to standard 2D echocardiography. Recent Findings: 3D echocardiography provides key information, aetiology, degenerative mitral valve disease vs. secondary MR, causes and mechanism, severity by measurements of effective regurgitant orifice area and regurgitant volume; likelihood of reparability and assessment of pre- and intra-mitral valve transcatheter procedures. Summary: 3D echocardiography as a promising method for assessment of MR is useful and crucial for research, clinical practice and patient management in all heart valve team members.

Published
2017

17. Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of herbal medicine on hepatic stellate cell.

Author

Chor SY, Hui AY, To KF, Chan KK, Go YY, Chan HL, Leung WK, and Sung JJ

Subjects
Animals, Cell Line, DNA Fragmentation, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Rats, Apoptosis drug effects, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Drugs, Chinese Herbal pharmacology, Hepatocytes drug effects
Abstract

Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) play a central role in hepatic fibrosis and compounds that promote apoptosis in HSC may have anti-fibrotic potentials. Herbal medicine has long been used in chronic liver disease but there is little scientific evidence for their actions. The present study investigated the effects of 14 commonly used herbs on cellular proliferation and apoptosis of a rat hepatic stellate cell line, HSC-T6 and the underlying mechanism of herb-induced apoptosis. HSC-T6 cell were incubated with herbal extracts and their proliferation was assessed by colorimetric assay. Apoptosis was measured and confirmed by flow cytometry, terminal transferase uridyl nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and morphological features in hematoxylin and eosin staining. Apoptotic pathways involving Fas receptor and Bcl-2 family were investigated by Western blot. Five herbs, namely Angelica sinensis (AS), Carthamus tinctorius (CT), Ligusticum chuanxiong (LC), Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) and Stephania tetrandra (ST) demonstrated both anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities in HSC-T6. The highest potency was detected in SM and ST with 51.63 and 44.52% of HSC-T6 showing apoptotic changes, respectively. This was associated with upregulation of Fas and Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-xL in HSC. Fas ligand and Bcl2 expressions remained unchanged. The potential anti-fibrotic effect of herbal medicine warrants further evaluation.

Published
2005
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