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The article presents biochemical characteristics identified during the analysis of metabolomic profiles. The object of this study was the landraces of cultivated oat species Avena strigosa Schreb., A. abyssinica Hochst. and A. sativa L. with different ploidy levels from the global collection of the Department of Genetic Resources of Oats, Rye, and Barley of VIR. Metabolic profiling was performed using an Agilent 6850 gas chromatograph (Agilent Technologies, USA). The main task of this evaluation was determination of differences between cultivated oat species of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid ploidy levels according to their metabolomic spectra. These spectra reflect the metabolic state of genotypes of various ecological and geographical origin. The investigation touched on the most important groups of metabolites important for the resistance formation nutritional, medicinal and dietary benefits. Particular, attention was paid to biologically active compounds that determine the functional value of daily human foods − phenolic compounds, free amino acids and sugar acids. The most informative indicators, which separate the oat with different ploidy levels were: isofucosterol, xylitol, MAG-1 18: 0, linolenic, undecylic, threonic, glutamic and methylmalonic acids.