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Though usually self-limiting, viral respiratory infections can escalate to severe cases requiring admission to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). This study aims to examine the proportional incidence, affected age ranges, viral pathogens involved, associated severity measures, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their incidence and virus distribution. This retrospective cohort study conducted in a tertiary care center (2011-2021) reviewed all pediatric patients admitted to PICU with laboratory-confirmed viral respiratory infection. The study included 312 patients, comprising 5.5% of all PICU admissions; 45% were males; 52% had underlying conditions. The median age was 1.1 (IQR 0.3-2.8) years; 18% were born prematurely. The most common viruses were respiratory syncytial virus (35%), adenovirus (26%), influenza (10%), parainfluenza (11%), and human metapneumovirus (11%). All viruses displayed a seasonal pattern, except year-round occurrence in adenovirus. The seasonality pattern was disrupted by COVID-19 pandemic-related restrictions. Mechanical ventilation was required for 46% of patients; 27% required other non-invasive respiratory support. Thirty-day mortality was documented in 18 (5.8%) patients. Underlying conditions, particularly immunosuppression, neuromuscular diseases, and genetic/metabolic syndromes, were associated with increased mortality (p = 0.001, 0.006, and 0.001, respectively). Adenovirus was also linked to higher mortality (p = 0.04), hMPV to prolonged ventilation (p = 0.004) and prolonged PICU stay (p = 0.009), and SARS-CoV-2 to extended ventilation (p = 0.04). During COVID-19, patients were older (p = 0.001), RSV cases decreased (p = 0.006), ventilation duration increased (p = 0.03), and cardiologic complications rose (p = 0.02). No influenza A or B cases appeared post-pandemic., Conclusion: Viral respiratory infections can lead to severe complications. Their high prevalence in infants and young children highlights the need to extend vaccination age ranges for vaccine-preventable viral infections, monitor uptake in at-risk children, and implement public health interventions in daycare settings., What Is Known: • Viral respiratory infections in children are a significant cause of illness and mortality., What Is New: • Severe infections in children beyond current vaccine eligibility suggest the need to expand vaccination to broader age groups. • SARS-CoV-2 dominance during the COVID-19 pandemic altered disease characteristics of respiratory infections., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Rambam Health Care Campus (number #0551–21-RMB). Given the retrospective design of the study, the committee waived the requirement for informed consent. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Women who have survived interpersonal trauma are at elevated risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and potentially modifiable factors that may be targeted in treatment warrant further investigation. This study examined a pathway from interpersonal trauma to PTSD symptoms via emotion dysregulation and shame in a large non-clinical sample of women. The sample comprised 380 women, aged 18 to 59 years ( M  = 31.70, standard deviation = 10.06), all of whom had a history of interpersonal trauma. Participants completed the Experience of Shame Scale, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Short Form, and the Life Events Checklist for DSM-5 . A serial and parallel process model with interpersonal trauma as a predictor of PTSD symptoms, emotional dysregulation and facets of shame as intermediary variables, was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Statistics PROCESS Model 81with bias-corrected bootstrap tests of indirect effects. Non-interpersonal trauma was included as a covariate. Interpersonal trauma, emotion dysregulation, and characterological and bodily shame were significantly and directly associated with PTSD symptoms, together explaining 59% of the variation in PTSD symptoms. While emotion dysregulation was associated with behavioral shame, interpersonal trauma was not associated with behavioral shame, nor was behavioral shame associated with PTSD symptoms. Tests of indirect effects supported a pathway from interpersonal trauma to PTSD symptoms via emotion dysregulation and characterological and bodily shame. These findings suggest interventions that are particularly effective at reducing emotion dysregulation and characterological and bodily shame, such as compassion and acceptance-based approaches, may complement evidence-based PTSD interventions when working with women who have survived interpersonal trauma., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interests with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article.

High staff turnover is common within the Australian public mental health workforce, contributing to workforce shortages and ultimately impacting the ability to provide stable efficient, effective, and ongoing optimal care to the community. In this study, we aimed to (a) establish the most pertinent factors associated with increased turnover intention in the public mental health workforce in Australia, and (b) establish whether such factors differ between metropolitan and rural services. We used a cross-sectional, correlational design using an online survey method. In total, 235 mental health service staff of various disciplines and levels, from four public hospitals in Victoria, Australia participated in the study. We used three feed-forward multiple regression analyses to assess the study aims. We found that job satisfaction, occupational burnout, and understaffing may be the most pertinent factors to consider regarding turnover intention. Job satisfaction and occupational burnout were factors endorsed across the entire sample, as well as specifically within both the metropolitan and rural services, while understaffing was a pertinent factor regarding turnover intention across the entire sample and for rural services, but not metropolitan services. Our findings regarding the pertinence of job satisfaction, occupational burnout, and understaffing in turnover intention provide key information that may be used to inform interventional targets aimed at reducing attrition from the public mental health workforce in Australia., (© 2023 The Authors. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

Background: A large proportion of Australians are affected by mental illness each year, and treatment gaps are well known. To meet current and future demands and enable access to treatment that is safe, effective, and acceptable, a robust and sustainable mental health workforce is required. Factors reported to attract people to work within the mental health sector include aspiring to help others, having an interest in mental health and human behavior, the desire to make a difference and do something worthwhile, personal lived experience, recognition, and value of discipline-specific roles. However, despite the various reasons people enter the public mental health workforce, recruitment and retention continue to be ongoing challenges. To date, there has been limited investigation into understanding which factors are most relevant to the current Victorian workforce. Furthermore, a comparison to health care workers outside of mental health is also needed to better understand the specific needs of staff within the mental health sector., Objective: This study aims to explore factors related to attraction, recruitment, and retention of the public mental health workforce in Victoria, Australia., Methods: The study is a multisite, mixed methods cross-sectional study to be conducted at 4 public hospital services within Victoria, Australia: 2 in metropolitan and 2 in regional or rural locations. Current, previous, and nonmental health workers will be asked to complete a 20-25-minute web-based survey, which is developed based on previous research and offered participation in an optional 30-60-minute semistructured interview to examine personal experiences and perceptions. Both aspects of the project will examine factors related to attraction, recruitment, and retention in the public mental health workforce. Differences between groups (ie, current, past, and nonmental health workers), as well as location, discipline, and health setting will be examined. Regression analyses will be performed to determine the factors most strongly associated with retention (ie, job satisfaction) and turnover intention. Qualitative data will be transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed to identify common themes., Results: As of May 2023, we enrolled 539 participants in the web-based survey and 27 participants in the qualitative interview., Conclusions: This project seeks to build on current knowledge from within Australia and internationally to understand role and service/system-related issues of attraction, recruitment, and retention specifically within Victoria, Australia. Seeking up-to-date information from across the health workforce may provide factors specific to mental health by illuminating any differences between mental health workers and health care workers outside of mental health. Furthermore, exploring motivators across health care disciplines and locations to enter, stay in, or leave a role in public mental health settings will provide valuable information to support how the sector plans and develops strategies that are fit for purpose., International Registered Report Identifier (irrid): DERR1-10.2196/48855., (©Kaitlyn Crocker, Inge Gnatt, Darren Haywood, Ravi Bhat, Ingrid Butterfield, Anoop Raveendran Nair Lalitha, Ruby Bishop, David J Castle, Zoe M Jenkins. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (https://www.researchprotocols.org), 31.10.2023.)

This paper explores the lived experience of mental illness within the field of psychology across higher education and the mental health workforce. There is a high prevalence of mental health issues among psychology students and practitioners, and it is critical not only to provide support for these populations, but also to acknowledge the value of leveraging their lived experience within their education and practice. There has been increased interest in and advocacy for the involvement of those with lived experience of mental illness within mental healthcare service provision to improve patient experiences and outcomes. However, there have been limited acknowledgement and research regarding the role of psychologists with personal lived experiences of mental illness, and how to leverage this experience. Further, there are challenges faced by both psychology students and practising psychologists with lived experience that act as barriers to leveraging their unique skills and experiences. Psychology students with lived experience face stigma, inadequate support, and incongruence between the course material and their personal experiences. Similarly, practising psychologists with lived experience encounter stigma and isolation, indicating the need for a culture change that promotes transparency and understanding. The paper calls for research in five key directions to provide evidence that can be used to support and leverage lived experience in psychology.

The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant adaptations to healthcare. Provision of mental healthcare in a changing environment presented healthcare workers with unique challenges and demands, including changes in workload and expectations. To inform current and future healthcare service responses, and adaptations, the current review aimed to collate and examine the impact of the pandemic on mental healthcare workers (MHWs). We conducted a rapid systematic review to examine the overall impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on MHWs. Searches were conducted in Ovid Medline and PsycInfo and restricted to articles published from 2020. Inclusion criteria specified articles written in English, published in peer-reviewed journals, and that examined any outcome of the impact of COVID-19 on MHWs; 55 articles fulfilled these criteria. Outcomes were categorized into 'work-related outcomes' and 'personal outcomes'. Mental healthcare workers worldwide experienced a range of work-related and personal adversities during the pandemic. Key work-related outcomes included increased workload, changed roles, burnout, decreased job satisfaction, telehealth challenges, difficulties with work-life balance, altered job performance, vicarious trauma and increased workplace violence. Personal outcomes included decreased well-being, increased psychological distress and psychosocial difficulties. These outcomes differed between inpatient, outpatient and remote settings. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered the delivery of mental healthcare and MHWs experienced both work-related and personal adversities during the COVID-19 pandemic. With the continuation of changes introduced to healthcare in the initial stages of the pandemic, it will be important to maintain efforts to monitor negative outcomes and ensure supports for MHWs, going forward., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

Although the inclusion of individuals with lived experience is encouraged within the research process, there remains inconsistent direct involvement in many mental health fields. Within the eating disorders field specifically, there is a very strong and increasing presence of lived experience advocacy. However, due to a number of potential challenges, research undertaken in consultation or in collaboration with individuals with lived experience of an eating disorder is scarce. This paper describes the significant benefits of the inclusion of individuals with lived experience in research. The specific challenges and barriers faced in eating disorders research are also outlined. It is concluded that in addition to existing guidelines on working with lived experience collaborators in mental health research, more specific procedures are required when working with those with eating disorders.

Difficulties in cognitive flexibility-the ability to adapt effectively to changes in the environment and/or changing task demands-have been reported in anorexia nervosa (AN). However, findings are inconsistent across studies and it remains unclear which specific aspects of cognitive flexibility patients with AN may struggle with. This systematic review aimed to synthesise existing research on cognitive flexibility in AN and clarify differences between patients with acute AN, patients who are weight-restored and patients who are fully recovered from AN. Electronic databases were searched through to January 2020. 3,310 papers were screened and 70 papers were included in the final review. Although adults with acute AN performed worse in perceptual flexibility tasks and self-report measures compared to HCs, they did not exhibit deficits across all domains of cognitive flexibility. Adolescents with acute AN did not differ to HCs in performance on neurocognitive tasks despite self-reporting poorer cognitive flexibility. Overall, significant differences in cognitive flexibility between acute and recovered participants was not evident, though, the findings are limited by a modest number of studies. Recovered participants performed poorer than HCs in some neurocognitive measures, however, results were inconsistent across studies. These results have implications for the assessment of cognitive flexibility in AN and targeted treatment approaches., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)