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A promising approach to the glue-threaded assembly of automotive bodies that can replace conventional riveting and glue-riveting technologies is described. The results of comparative strength tests of glue-threaded and glue-riveted joints are given for the samples made of carbon fiber and aluminum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Targeted protein degradation (TPD) is a rapidly developing drug discovery technique with unique efficacy and target scope stemming from its degradation-based activity. Molecular glue degraders are a promising arm of TPD, as evidenced by the FDA-approved therapeutics within this class, the increasing number of degraders in clinical development, and their predisposition to drug-likeness. Cereblon (CRBN) glue degraders mediate target degradation by generating a neomorphic interface between CRBN and a protein of interest. While promising, the complicated nature of this CRBN-glue-target ternary complex makes the rational design of molecular glue degraders challenging. For other drug modalities, predictive modeling has been established to leverage existing activity data and generate quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR). However, the applicability of QSAR strategies for glues remains under-investigated. Herein, machine learning methodologies were developed to predict glue-mediated recruitment of CRBN to target proteins and achieved promising performance. Generated models leveraged more than a hundred internal screening campaigns across thousands of CRBN glues to predict glue-mediated recruitment of targets to CRBN. Our results show that recruitment activity of CRBN glue degraders can be modeled by machine learning, with 89 % of models producing an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC) > 0.8 and 70 % of models producing a Matthew's correlation coefficient (MCC) > 0.2 for these primary screening data. Importantly, our findings also indicate that the combination of compound and protein descriptors in the so-called proteochemometric models improves performance, with >80 % of the models exhibiting higher ROC AUC and MCC values than per-target models only based on compound information. Hence, our investigations suggest that proteochemometric modeling is a successful approach for molecular glue degraders. The proposed machine learning strategies can aid compound prioritization based on recruitment efficacy and target selectivity, thus have the potential to facilitate the design and discovery of therapeutic CRBN molecular glues.

The article discusses a case of allergic contact dermatitis caused by a glue containing colophony that was used to reduce prominent ears. A 46-year-old Caucasian man experienced dermatitis on both retro-auricular folds after applying the glue for approximately 3 months. The patient was successfully treated with fusidic acid cream and patch testing confirmed a positive reaction to colophony. The patient accepted to stop using the glue and was examined by a plastic surgeon, with no change in therapy. [Extracted from the article]

Hemostasis is a crucial step in cardiac surgery which determines postoperative outcomes. Tissue sealants and glues are necessary to achieve hemostasis in situations where conventional methods are unsuccessful. BioGlue, a commonly used topical hemostatic agent, has been reported to cause systemic embolic complications. We report a case of cerebral embolic shower following the use of BioGlue for posterior aortic suture line bleeding in a 49-year-old lady who underwent triple valve surgery. This report brings to light a rare but devastating complication of BioGlue usage in the present era of complex aortic surgeries. We also postulate a mechanism for BioGlue embolization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze changes in stump length over time in patients with saphenous vein incompetence treated with cyanoacrylate closure (CAC) or radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Materials and Methods : : We retrospectively analyzed data collected from patients with saphenous vein incompetence who underwent either CAC or RFA at Seoul National University Hospital between November 2015 and December 2018. The stump lengths were measured using duplex ultrasonography (DUS) within 1 month and 6 months after treatment. The Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) and Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire (AVVQ) score were used to assess clinical outcomes. Results : : A total of 97 veins (64 great saphenous veins and 33 small saphenous veins) were analyzed. The stump length was not significantly different between the two groups at

In the article, I try to present the contents of production systems (general theoretical starting points and concrete examples from practice) in connection with the contents of the Slovenian primary school curriculum in the subject Technic and Technology and its elective subjects (Processing of materials - wood). I sought these connections mainly from the curriculum in the primary school curriculum, which relates to learning about wood, wood semi-finished products, wood machining and tried to connect them with the previously mentioned contents of production systems and thus give students a broader insight into such content.

The development of bioadhesives has become an emerging research field for tissue sealants, wound dressings, and hemostatic agents. However, assembling hydrogels using bioadhesive‐mediated attachment remains a challenging task. Significantly high water content (>90%) in hydrogels compared to that of biological tissues is the main cause of failure. Considering that hydrogels are primary testing scaffolds mimicking in vivo environments, developing strategies to assemble hydrogels that exhibit diverse properties is important. Self‐healing gels have been reported, but such gels often lack biocompatibility, and two gel pieces should be identical in chemistry for assembly, thus not allowing co‐existence of diverse biological environments. Herein, a mussel‐mimetic cis‐diol‐based adhesive, alginate‐boronic acid, that exhibits pH‐responsive curing from a viscoelastic solution to soft gels is developed. Associated mechanisms are that 1) polymeric diffusion occurs at interfaces utilizing intrinsic high water content; 2) the conjugated cis‐diols strongly interact/entangle with hydrogel chains; 3) curing processes begin by a slight increase in pH, resulting in robust attachment of diverse types of hydrogel building blocks for assembly. The findings obtained with alginate‐boronic acid glues suggest a rational design principle to attach diverse hydrogel building blocks to provide platforms mimicking in vivo environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The background scattering from numerous frequently used sample adhesives has been investigated to determine the background contribution of these glues when used for inelastic neutron scattering measurements. Starting with a bare Cu sheet, different glues have been trialled, such as GE varnish, CYTOP solution, Teflon tape, Fomblin oil and two‐component epoxy glue. Measurements were collected using the PELICAN cold‐neutron time‐of‐flight spectrometer at ANSTO, which is capable of collecting data over a wide range of Q–ω space simultaneously. The results indicate that those glues containing hydrogen give much higher background signals, while those that do not contain hydrogen have a much smaller impact on the background signal. This was observed for both elastic and inelastic neutron scattering. This study investigates the neutron scattering signals from different adhesives that are commonly used to mount samples. The pros and cons of each glue are discussed, including when to use (or not use) each. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disposable non-invasive and compatible real time monitoring tool was developed in order to follow the cleaning process of paper artwork directly in situ . This tool was based on a biocompatible cleaning hydrogel coupled with flow electrochemical diagnostic tool, suitable to verify in situ and in a simple way the assessment of degradation of artwork and the efficiency of cleaning process. In this paper, the results obtained by applying this tool on a great format artwork with a lining as support, “Le Nozze di Psiche”, engraved by Diana Scultori, printed in 1613, are reported. This opera was affected by a structural and chromatic deterioration due to a strong oxidative degradation. Such deterioration was probably accelerated by the adhesive (a mixture of starch paste and animal glue) used in a previous lining intervention. In this case, the cleaning agents used are rigid hydrogels of Gellan gum, modified with hydrolytic enzymes. By using the flow sampling system, all materials removed by the gel was carried up to a thin layer cell containing a selective electrochemical biosensors, suitable to monitor both treatments, the cleaning process and the removal of lining. These were monitored, allowing understanding when both processes were completed, thus avoiding lengthy and unnecessary cleaning applications. The effectiveness of cleaning with Gellan gel was assessed quantitatively by using non-invasive optical reflectance spectroscopy by a portable instrumentation, elaborating data with an improved version of the Kubelka-Munk theory in order to recover the absorption coefficient of the cellulose fibers of “Le Nozze di Psiche”. The concentration of oxidized groups acting as chromophores was obtained by comparing the experimental optical absorption spectra to those simulated computationally by using TDDFT-based calculations. By following the cleaning with Gellan gel the results indicate a large decrease of the concentration of degradation product of cellulose. Moreover, chromatographic analysis were carried out in order to evaluate the amount of acid compound, produced during the aging and present on the graphic artwork, using the Gellan gel after cleaning step. The results obtained from the restoration of “Le Nozze di Psiche” have allowed the restorers to evaluate innovative methods for cleaning treatment of paper artworks with a highly specialized scientific-diagnostic approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roller infusion by nip rollers is widely used in the infusion industry with broad applications, which is also adopted as one of the seven steps of a newly developed manufacturing process for making fungal mycelium-based biocomposites. One important technical issue related to infusion textile reinforcements for such biocomposites is how to predict and control the infusion fluid penetration depth, which directly affects the quality and performances of the preformed textile skins. Currently, the analytical relations between the modeling parameters and the final infusion penetration depth are still not well understood. Few studies have been performed on such topic and some of which used oversimplified assumptions. A new analytical model is developed in this paper, and the infusion penetration curves are plotted based on certain input parameters including infusion speed, infusion fluid flow rate, and clamping forces of the two rollers. The model-calculated results are then validated by experiments that are performed with the same parameters. The measured parameters of prepared non-Newtonian starch-based natural glue are used both in the modeling and experiments, and the results are close enough for model validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review provides an overview of some important studies and investigations performed on various organic additives in zinc electrodeposition process. Organic additives are widely used due to their special functions during the electrodeposition of zinc or its alloys. These additives are found to affect the growth and crystal building of deposits through their adsorption on the cathode surface. Most of these additives act as hydrogen inhibitors and crystal growth modifiers, so an appropriate addition is necessary for the formation of fine-grained, smooth, and compact deposits. The presence of metallic impurities in the industrial electrolytes cannot be neglected as well. Most of these impurities decrease the induction period associated with the zinc electrodeposition process resulting in deterioration of the zinc deposit quality and decrease of the cathodic current efficiency. Accordingly, some additives are used to reduce the detrimental effect of these impurities and to improve the operating performance. Although, glues and gelatins are the most known additives in industry but searching for better ones with good stability, high efficiency, low cost, and being environmentally acceptable is still continuing. Therefore, this review considers previous studies conducted on various organic additives from different groups such as: quaternary ammonium salts, polymers, surfactants, natural compounds, organic acids, and ionic liquids salts. This study emphasizes as well the employed electrochemical techniques in evaluating the performance of organic additives during the electrolytic extraction of zinc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The manufacture of natural fiber and core preforms for biocomposite sandwich structures that bound together with fungal mycelium-based polymer is investigated. The complete manufacturing process involves: (1) cutting individual textile plies; (2) impregnating multi-ply layups with natural glue conducive to mycelium growth; (3) simultaneously forming, sterilizing and setting impregnated skins; (4) filling formed skins with mycelium-laden agri-waste; (5) allowing mycelium to colonize and bind together core substrate and skins into a unitized preform; (6) high temperature drying that also inactivates fungus; and (7) infusing skins with bioresin using resin transfer molding. Aspects of steps 3-6 related to the preform shells and sandwich structure are the main focus of this paper. Three-point bending tests are performed on dry, natural glue-bonded, four-ply specimens in a full-factorial experimental design, and test results are analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) to assess process parameter effects and sensitivities along with environmental condition effects. New specimens are then made using the optimized process and tested for beam bending in creep within an environmental chamber that mimics the actual mycelium growth environment for three days. Two- and six-ply specimens loaded to provide identical maximum tensile stress in flexure are tested, and useful conclusions are drawn based on all creep test results. Finally, preforms in the shape of a viable commercial product are filled with mycelium-inoculated substrate, grown and dried, and part quality is evaluated based on the amount of skin ingrowth and deviation between the measured and desired shapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce a new property of tile self-assembly systems that we call size-separability. A system is size-separable if every terminal assembly is a constant factor larger than any intermediate assembly. Size-separability is motivated by the practical problem of filtering completed assemblies from a variety of incomplete 'garbage' assemblies using gel electrophoresis or other mass-based filtering techniques. Here we prove that any system without cooperative bonding assembling a unique mismatch-free terminal assembly can be used to construct a size-separable system uniquely assembling the same shape. The proof achieves optimal scale factor, temperature, and tile types (within a factor of 2) for the size-separable system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Tetraglycidyl-4,4′-methylenedianiline ( TGMDA) is an aniline epoxy resin used in, for example, resin systems of pre-impregnated composite materials (prepregs) of the aircraft industry. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by TGMDA in prepregs has been described previously. Objectives To report on 9 patients with occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by TGMDA in epoxy glues used in helicopter assembly. Methods The patients were examined with patch testing at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health in 2004-2009. The first patient was diagnosed by testing both components of two epoxy glues from the workplace, and was also tested with glue ingredients, including TGMDA. The following patients were tested with the glues and TGMDA. The resin parts of the glues were analysed for their epoxy compounds, including TGMDA. Results All of the patients had a patch test reaction to one or both of the resin parts of the TGMDA-containing glues. Eight of them had a strong allergic reaction to TGMDA, and one had a doubtful reaction to TGMDA. Two of the patients also had an allergic reaction to triglycidyl- p-aminophenol ( TGPAP), another aniline epoxy resin, which was not present in the TGMDA-containing glues. Conclusions In aircraft industry workers with suspected occupational dermatitis, aniline epoxy resins should be considered and patch tested as possible contact allergens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-material joints are implemented in many fields, including automotive and aerospace industries. Adhesive bonding technique allows for joining components made of different materials, which facilitates the implementation of lightweight materials in multi-material structures. In this study the shear strength of single lap, adhesively bonded joints was examined at room and high temperature (110°C). In the paper the influence of elevated temperature on epoxy adhesive joints in multi - materials structures is presented. A sensitivity of shear strength on material type of adherents in adhesively bonded joints is considered. Prediction of the state of joints and knowledge on their degradation process are important for structural health monitoring of structures with adhesive joints. For the purposes of research, specimens consisting of adherents made of various materials were used (following were involved: aluminum alloy, CFRP and abrasive resistant steel). Studies have demonstrated, that applied epoxy adhesive considerably weakens at elevated temperature and it was observed that material type of adherents has a large influence on the shear strength of adhesively bonded joints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents investigations into adhesion to painted coatings using showcard. The surfaces produced from aluminium, PVC and acrylic glass have been chosen. Different glues have been tested. The influence of surface preparation (roughness and undercoat) for adhesion has been analysed. Article in Lithuanian Dažytų dangų adhezijos tyrimai Santrauka Straipsnyje pateikiami dažytų dangų, naudojamų reklaminei produkcijai gaminti, skirtingų paviršių adhezijos tyrimai. Naudotos pagrindo medžiagos: polivinilchlorido putų plokštė, akrilo stiklas ir aliuminis. Nustatyta paviršių paruošimo įtaka dangų sukibimui. Siekiant optimalių rezultatų tirta dangų adhezija arba kohezija. Bandymai atlikti naudojant skirtingų gamintojų epoksidinius klijus. Taip pat straipsnyje aptarta grunto įtaka dažytų dangų adhezijai. Reikšminiai žodžiai: adhezija, dažai, klijai, gruntai, paviršiaus paruošimas.

Purpose: In endoscopic inguinal hernia repair, the use of fibrin glues for mesh fixation instead of staples and sutures can demonstrably reduce postoperative morbidity without increasing the recurrence rate. Various fibrin glues differ in terms of their mesh fixation strength. As an alternative to fibrin glue, there is an increasing trend toward using synthetic glues for mesh fixation in both open and endoscopic inguinal hernia surgery. To date, no studies have been conducted comparing the fixation strength of (semi-) synthetic glues with that of fibrin glues. Here, using a biomechanical model, we compared the adhesive strength of two glues (BioGlue and Glubran) used in surgery with a fibrin glue. Methods: We used light-weight polypropylene meshes (TiMesh light). In each case, the biomechanical stability of five meshes in each group was tested with 2 ml fibrin glue (Evicel), 2 ml BioGlue or 2 ml Glubran (cyanoacrylate). The defect in the muscle tissue used was 4.5 cm in diameter for a mesh size of 10 × 15 cm. Measurements were taken using a standardized stamp penetration test while aiming not to remain under a minimum fixation strength of 32 N. Results: Using Evicel for mesh fixation, an adhesive strength of 64.3 N was achieved. This was significantly greater than that obtained in the absence of fixation (2.9 N, p < 0.001) and higher than the requisite value of 32 N. Using Glubran, it was possible once again to significantly improve the adhesive strength (105.4 N, p = 0.008). The use of BioGlue improved the adhesive strength to 131.7 N, but not significantly so compared with Glubran ( p = 0.110). Conclusions: In terms of adhesive strength, (semi-) synthetic glues can be used for mesh fixation instead of fibrin glue and even achieve significantly better adhesive strength than fibrin glue. However, further clinical studies are needed to identify the role of (semi-) synthetic glues compared with fibrin glues in endoscopic inguinal hernia surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims To investigate trends in volatile substance abuse ( VSA) deaths over 25 years. Design A national mortality surveillance programme with standardised data collection procedures. Setting The UK and islands. Participants/Measurements All VSA deaths, 1983-2007. Findings In the five quinquennia from 1983 to 2007 the numbers of VSA deaths were 499, 609, 378, 349 and 258 respectively. There were gradual increases in the mean age at death in males and females and in the number of VSA deaths in women. Coincident with the 1992 Department of Health Advertising Campaign, VSA deaths in boys and girls (<18 years of age) fell by an estimated 56% (95% CI: 36%-70%) and 64% (20%-84%), respectively, from the underlying trend, but there was no evidence of any similar step change in either group following the 1999 Legislation prohibiting sales of cigarette lighter refills containing butane to those under the age of 18 years. Between 1983-1987 and 2003-2007, the ratio of aerosol to gas fuel deaths fell by an estimated 80% (57% to 91%) in adults, while the ratio of glue to gas fuel deaths fell by an estimated 95% (89% to 97%) in adults and an estimated 87% (−1% to 98%) in children. Conclusions Between 1983 and 2007, in the United Kingdom, the numbers of deaths associated with volatile substance abuse peaked in the early 1990s and fell to their lowest level in the mid-2000s. The age at death increased in both males and females. There was a fall in the proportion of volatile substance abuse deaths involving glues and a rise, particularly in adults, in the proportion involving gas fuels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Adhesives industry is increasingly interested in products coming from natural and renewable resources, because of the limited reserve of oil, its prices variability and its negative impact on both environment and human health. However, soy crops are mainly concentrated in the Americas, and are not so widespread in Europe. Thus, it is interesting to evaluate if other vegetable proteins more common in Europe are compatible for their use as wood adhesives. In this study, zein, a protein component of maize (Zea mays L.), the pea (Pisum sativum L.) protein, and two products based on soy (Glycine max L.) proteins, one treated with alkali and the other not, were compared in order to verify their utilisation as wood adhesives for indoor applications. Dissolution tests in both water and ethanol/water mixture at different pH values, and FT-IR analysis in the same conditions were carried out. Also the effect of the addition of denaturing agents such us urea and guanidine hydrochloride was evaluated. Solubility results showed that, as expected, water soluble fraction of these proteins increased significantly by increasing pH: both the 2 soy proteins and the pea protein evidenced soluble fraction higher than 80% at pH 10, while for zein, this parameter was always lower than 30%. Moreover, water seemed to be a better solvent than the ethanol/water mixture. In fact, in one case a solubility decrease was observed when ethanol was added to water. Standard bonding tests on wood-to-wood joints were carried out according to EN 205, both in dry and in wet conditions, this latter after 4 days of immersion in water. Shear strength values were above the minimum threshold limit of 10MPa required by the standard for both the 2 soy and the pea proteins. In contrast, all proteins were not suitable for wet conditions. Pea protein seemed to be a valid alternative to soy proteins, which is realistic considering that the amino acid profiles of pea and soy proteins are similar. However, like for the soy protein, it is essential to improve the water resistance with an additive. In contrast, zein did not seem suitable as wood adhesive, because of its low solubility in all the considered conditions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Facts on the genesis and further development of adhesives are reported. Advantages of adhesivemelts (AMs) are analyzed owing to which their consumption has reached 15-21% of world production and consumption of adhesives. Statistical data are presented on the production of adhesives in different parts of the world, and a forecast of their further development is given. Fields of AM application by end consumers and the global dynamics of AM consumption growth for the last 20 years are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A few cases on primary sensitization by, and occupational contact dermatitis from, methylisothiazolinone in paints and glues have been published. In cosmetics, methylisothiazoline (MI) is permitted in a concentration of 100 p.p.m., while 15 p.p.m. for the mixture of methylchloroisothiazolinone and methylisothiazoline (MCI/MI). Objectives: To present cases of sensitization to, and allergic contact dermatitis from, cosmetic products containing methylisothiazolinone only. Patients, Materials, and Methods: Seven patients with suspected contact dermatitis – six of them with (peri-)anal lesions and one with facial dermatitis – were patch tested with the baseline series, the own products exposed to, cosmetic ingredients, as well as with methylisothiazolinone 1000 p.p.m. and MCI/MI 200 p.p.m. Results: The patients with anal lesions had become sensitized by wipes for intimate hygiene, and one patient with facial dermatitis by a make-up remover, all containing methylisothiazolinone only. Three out of seven cases would have been missed if only MCI/MI 100 p.p.m., as present in the baseline series, had been tested. Conclusion: The inclusion of methylisothiazolinone as a preservative in cosmetics might not represent the solution to the problem of allergic contact dermatitis from isothiazolinones, since it leads to primary sensitization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This article presents a summary of benzene exposure levels in the shoemaking industry in China reported in the Chinese medical literature between 1978 and 2004. A comprehensive search identified 182 papers reporting such exposure data. These papers could be classified into two categories: benzene poisoning case reports and industrial hygiene surveys. From each paper, the following information was abstracted whenever available: location and year of occurrence, occupation and/or task involved, benzene content in adhesives/solvents, work environment, working conditions, working hours, diagnosis, and air monitoring data of benzene. A total of 333 benzene measurements (88 averages, 116 minimums, 129 maximums) in the shoemaking industry were reported in the 182 papers identified. The data were analyzed in terms of geographical location, time period, type of ownership (state, township, or foreign), type of report (benzene poisoning reports vs. industrial hygiene surveys), and job title (work activity) or process. The reported data covered a wide range; some measurements were in excess of 4500mg/m3. Thirty-five percent of the reported benzene concentrations were below 40mg/m3, which was the national occupational exposure limit (OEL) for benzene between 1979 and 2001. The remaining 65% measurements, which exceeded the national OEL in effect at the time, and were distributed as follows: 40–100mg/m3, 11%; 100–300mg/m3, 21%; 300–500mg/m3, 13%; and 500+mg/m3, 20%. However, only 24% of the reported measurements after 2002 were below 6mg/m3, i.e., Permissible Concentration-Time Weighted Average (PC-TWA) and 10mg/m3, i.e., Permissible Concentration-Short Term Exposure Limit (PC-STEL), the newly amended benzene OELs in effect after May 2002. The data demonstrated that the majority of the facilities in the shoemaking industry reported in the literature were not in compliance of the OEL for benzene in effect at the time. Overall, the data show a clear downward trend of benzene exposure levels over the years, particularly after the introduction of the new lower OEL in 2002. Even though substantially lower when compared to levels in the past, current benzene exposure measurements from the literature review suggest that many facilities in the shoemaking industry in China have benzene concentrations that are still above the new OEL. The reported data, stratified by job, year and survey reason, can be used as part of the information and analysis for developing a job-exposure matrix in retrospective exposure assessment and thus may be part of the information used in developing historical exposure estimates in epidemiologic studies of shoe workers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The monosaccharide constituents of plant gums were separated by capillary electrophoresis at pH 12.1 and detected with indirect UV absorbance. The plant gums investigated were gum arabic, gum acacia, gum tragacanth, cherry gum and locust bean gum (carob gum). The monosaccharides obtained after hydrolysis with 2M trifluoroacetic acid and lyophilisation of the hydrolysate were arabinose, galactose, mannose, rhamnose, xylose, fucose, and glucose, and the two sugar acids galacturonic and glucuronic acid, in accordance with the literature. They were separated in a background electrolyte consisting of NaOH to adjust the pH, 20mM 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid as chromophore for detection and 0.5mM cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as additive to reverse the electroosmotic flow. Based on their electropherograms, the plant gums could be identified by their typical composition (depicted in a decision scheme) as follows: a peak of glucuronic acid, together with that of rhamnose, is indicative for gum arabic. Peaks of galacturonic acid and fucose point to gum tragacanth. Locust bean gum shows a major peak for mannose (with the concomitant galactose peak in ratio 4–1), whereas a glucuronic acid and a mannose peak together with a prominent arabinose peak indicates cherry gum. The method was applied to identify the plant gums in samples like watercolours and in several paint layers like gum tempera or those with egg white or drying oils as additives. Artificial aging experiments of thin layers of gum arabic on paper or glass carried out with UV-A radiation (366nm) did not result in changes of the saccharide patterns, in contrast to the simultaneously conducted aging of a drying oil layer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objectives: We carried out a detailed exposure assessment of benzene and toluene in two shoe factories in Tianjin, China. Our goal was to identify workers with a broad range of benzene exposures, for an epidemiologic study relating exposure to early biologic effects. Methods: A comprehensive exposure survey program was initiated. Over a period of 16 months, 2783 personal solvent exposure samples were collected in two workplaces from 250 workers. Mixed-effects models were used to identify factors affecting exposure. Principal component analyses (PCA) and subsequent regression analyses on the scores of the identified principal components were used to relate potential co-exposures to various exposure sources present in the workplace. Results: The mean benzene exposure level was 21.86 p.p.m. (10th–90th percentiles 5.23–50.63 p.p.m.) in the smaller shoe factory (factory A) and 3.46 p.p.m. (10th–90th percentiles 0.20–7.00 p.p.m.) in the larger shoe factory (factory B). Within-factory exposure levels differed among job titles and were higher for subjects directly involved in handling glues. In contrast, mean toluene levels were relatively similar in the two factories (factory A, 9.52 p.p.m.; factory B, 15.88 p.p.m.). A seasonal trend was identified for both benzene and toluene in factory B. This could be explained in part by changes in air movement and ventilation patterns occurring during the year. A seasonal trend was not present in the smaller shoe factory, where general ventilation was absent. Supplemental analysis showed that exposure levels to other hydrocarbons were low (≤5 p.p.m.), less than 5% of their respective ACGIH threshold limit values, and generally comparable in the two factories. PCA showed that co-exposures in factory B could largely be explained by glue sources that were used in distinct areas in the workplace. Conclusions: We demonstrated the occurrence of a broad range of benzene exposure levels in two shoe manufacturing factories in Tianjin, China. Benzene and toluene exposures were determined in part by the degree of contact with glues, the benzene and toluene content of each glue, air movement and ventilation patterns. The availability of long-term monthly personal monitoring data provides an excellent opportunity to estimate individual exposures at different times during the 1 yr period of observation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dermatologic investigation of 202 construction painters included patch testing with the TRUE Test™ standard series and ingredients of water-based paints, glues and putties (painters' series). 32 painters had current eczema and 16 had a history of previous eczema. Of these, 16 and 9, respectively, had current and previous histories of hand eczema. Irritant reactions on the hands, characterized by dry, erythematous finely fissured skin, which healed within a few days of skin rest, were found in 18 painters. 8 painters presented dry, fissured finger tips and finger sides. The total group of painters had 25 allergic reactions to the TRUE Test™ standard series and 11 to the painters' series. 11 test reactions were found to be related to present or previous hand eczema: 4 cases reacted to nickel, cobalt, colophony or N-octyl-isothiazolinone; 2 each to p-tertbutylphenol-formaldehyde resin and benzisothiazolinone (BIT); and 3 to C1 + Me-isothiazolinone. 5 painters were sensitive to BIT without clinical symptoms of skin disease. Hand eczema is no more common among construction painters who work with water-based paints, glues and putties, than in an avenge population. There are, however, special risks of sensitization and eczema in a construction painter's work that should be considered on employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:Accidental and non-accidental applications of superglue in the ear, nose and oral cavity have been reported previously. Surgical removal of glue from the nose is the current practice.Case report:This paper reports the case of an 18-year-old female, who presented with complete bilateral nasal occlusion due to deliberate self-application of superglue in both nostrils to avoid nasogastric tube insertion.Results:Removal of glue was accomplished with a combination of local anaesthetic cream and acetone-soaked cotton buds, which caused only minimal discomfort to the patient. All traces of glue disappeared within 10 days, without causing damage to the nasal mucosa, nasal blockage or pain.Conclusion:To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of deliberate self-application of superglue in the nose. A successful non-surgical management option for the removal of glue from the nose is introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The development of bone glues based on bone-adhesive hydrogels to allow for facile bone fracture fixation remains a major challenge. Herein, dual crosslinked hydrogels that combine tunable stiffness, ductility, and self-healing capacity are successfully synthesized. The resulting double network hydrogel is formed by chemical crosslinking of N-hydroxysuccinimide-functionalized poly(2-oxazoline)s(POx-NHS)"?> with amine-functionalized poly(2-oxazoline)s, and physical crosslinking of alendronate-functionalized poly(2-oxazoline)s (POx-Ale) with calcium ions in solution. The use of an excess of alendronate-functionalized POx-Ale polymers also ensures affinity toward calcium cations in the mineral phase of bone, thereby rendering these hydrogels adhesive to bone. The mechanical and bone-adhesive properties of these novel hydrogels are superior to commercially available fibrin sealants. Moreover, hydrogels retain their bone-adhesive properties under wet conditions. Although the dual crosslinked hydrogels swell considerably, they are stable upon immersion in phosphate-buffered saline (up to 12 d) and even in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution. The enhanced mechanical and bone-adhesive properties of these hydrogels, as well as their in vitro stability, indicate that they have much application potential as bone-adhesive glues., (© 2021 The Authors. Macromolecular Bioscience published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The adhesives industry is increasingly interested in products coming from natural and renewable resources. The aim of the present work was to improve the water resistance of soy-based proteins by using synthetic and formaldehyde-free additives. These include polyamide-amine epichlorohydrin (PAE), different types of isocyanates, and combinations of these cross-linkers between them and with other agents, including metal ions. In addition, the effect of both curing temperature and maturation time was assessed. Performances were evaluated by means of shear strength tests, solubility tests, and spectroscopic analysis. The obtained results showed that while isocyanates reacted completely but with water instead of proteins, tests with PAE were generally successful. In fact, the insoluble residue as well as the shear strength in wet conditions dramatically increased after PAE addition. Moreover, the wet performances of protein/PAE formulations appreciably increased gluing at 60 °C instead of room temperature. Furthermore, the maturation time had a positive effect on the formulations where metal ions were added, both for solubility and wet shear strength. Actually, for the very long conditioning time of 3 months, a significant and substantial increase of wet shear strength was observed for the series protein/PAE/aluminum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LHC, working at the expected nominal luminosity, will induce an extremely high irradiation in the CMS experiment. The CMS alignment system uses optical elements to build the laser beams paths. Optical properties of basic components such as glasses and glues may result affected and their transmission power may degrade significantly. We have proceeded to a first test of various glasses and glues and identified some of them that can stand up to 150 kGy of gamma-rays plus 5×1014 neutrons/cm2. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article focuses on boat-building is an industry that involves exposure to a large variety of contact allergens and skin irritants and skin diagnoses such as allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), and protein contact dermatitis. It mentions urticaria caused by natural rubber latex, and 1 had a diagnosis of contact dermatitis of unclear aetiology. It also mentions ACD were attributable to epoxy products and to ethyl cyanoacrylate.