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The southernmost state of Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, includes both the Pampa and Atlantic Forest biomes, and covers an area of around 284 thousand km2. Since the last checklist for the state, published in 2012, many additional sites have been sampled. Hence, we provide here a full list of earthworm species and their distribution in different municipalities and land use systems in the state. Data were obtained from the literature, museums, and other earthworm collections and recent sampling efforts. Records for 19 additional species are reported here for the first time, raising the total to 78 species/subspecies currently known from Rio Grande do Sul, from the families Acanthodrilidae (5), Benhamiidae (3), Lumbricidae (13), Megascolecidae (11), Ocnerodrilidae (22), Almidae (2), Glossoscolecidae (18) and Rhinodrilidae (5). Alexidrilus Righi, 1971 is synonymized with Urobenus Benham, 1886, as both species in the genus (A. littoralis Ljungström, 1972 and A. lourdesae Righi, 1971) have similar morphology to the type species Urobenus brasiliensis Benham, 1886. Most of the native species/subspecies in the state (39), including an important number of new species, were found in native vegetation with lesser disturbance, such as swamps, native forests and pastures. On the other hand, the three peregrine and 27 exotic species (especially Pontoscolex corethrurus, Eukerria spp., lumbricids, megascolecids, Dichogaster spp., and Microscolex spp.) dominated in disturbed sites, such as compost piles, urban areas, rice and other crops, and cultivated pastures. Considering the geographic extension and the many unsampled sites in the state, further collection efforts are necessary and will certainly reveal new species, as evidenced here.

Two new species of the earthworm genus Pontoscolex found in San Casimiro County, northern Venezuela are described. Because of some morphological variability, and to improve the previous description, we redescribe Onychochaeta windlei and Rhinodrilus fuenzalidae collected at La Cortada settlement, Miranda state. Pontoscolex (Mesoscolex) juanae sp. n. and Pontoscolex (Nulloscolex) hugoi subgen. n., sp. n have three pairs of tiny calciferous glands in 7th to 9th segments, with a simple tubular structure similar to that of the genus Onychochaeta; however, testes and funnels are enclosed in sacs in the 11th segment similar to the Pontoscolex. We also report the occurrences of Pontoscolex (Pontoscolex) corethrurus Müller, 1857, Metaphire houlleti (Perrier, 1872), Perionyx excavatus Perrier, 1872, Dichogaster bolaui (Michaelsen, 1891), and Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826).

An earthworm checklist has produced 78 nominal taxa (species/subspecies) of earthworm reported to date in Venezuela. The list of nominal taxa was obtained through literature review and the distribution maps were plotted by ecoregion. The 78 species/subspecies are divided into 24 genera and 6 families. Native earthworm species were more widely distributed than peregrine and exotic and are more associated with the conserved areas. Exotic species had been collected mainly in the north of the country in areas with at least some disturbance history. The peregrine species P. corethrurus is also widely distributed but with a preference for disturbed areas or related to its native natural grassland condition near the Guayana’s shield. This is the first accurate assessment of Venezuela's earthworm species and subspecies in the last 14 years.

Over 150 species of earthworms are known from the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest, but many more are expected to live in this megadiverse biome. In the present study, we evaluated earthworm species occurrence and diversity in native and reforested areas in four National Forests in three Brazilian states: Três Barras National Forest (Santa Catarina), Irati and Piraí do Sul National Forests (Paraná) and Capão Bonito National Forest (São Paulo) using formalin and hand sorting methods. A total of 13 species were found, five exotic and eight natives (of which four were new, undescribed species), belonging to six genera and five families (Rhinodrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Ocnerodrilidae, Benhamiidae, Megascolecidae). In general, higher number of earthworms were collected in Araucaria plantations, except in Capão Bonito where Pinus sp. plantations had higher abundance. Hand sorting also collected more species in all forests, so this should be the preferred sampling method to evaluate earthworm communities. Formalin extraction was efficient only for epi-endogeic earthworms, most of them exotic species. Exotic pine species plantations tend to reduce species richness and abundance, compared with native forests and Araucaria plantations, and substitution of native vegetation for pine plantations should consider potential negative effects on soil animal populations.

Soils, in addition to supporting agricultural production, are the source of a wide diversity of essential ecosystem functions and services performed by invertebrate organisms. Earthworms play a key role as ecosystem engineers, but little is known about the diversity of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and even less concerning land-use conversion scenarios. Earthworms were sampled using the TSBF method in natural grassland (NG1) in July 2018 and subsequently converted to soybean in an agropastoral system (AP) in December 2018 and July 2019. In July 2019 a nearby natural grassland (NG2) was also sampled and considered as a reference. The earthworms were identified to family, genus and/or species, and the total number of individuals and proportion of native and exotic species were calculated and presented. A total of 583 individuals were collected and seven species were identified: three native species—Kerriona sp.7, Kerriona sp.8, Eukerria rosea; and four exotic/peregrine species—Amynthas corticis, Dichogaster bolaui, Bimastos parvus, Pontoscolex corethrurus. The two native Kerriona species are new to science and were found after the conversion of the area. The other native species (Eukerria rosea), also found after the conversion, had a high number of individuals in the last sample. The results can be related to the availability and changing of resources, due to the conversion of the land use with a high rain preceding the winter season.

The state of Goiás and the Federal District together cover an area of about 346 thousand km2, including the diversified Cerrado vegetation, also known as the Brazilian Savanna, a biodiversity hotspot with many endangered and endemic species. Much of the Cerrado has been converted to agriculture, but little is known of its earthworms, and the impacts of land use management and agricultural practices on their density and diversity. In the present paper we review the known earthworm species in Goiás and the Federal District based on historical and museum records, and update information on their distribution and populations in different counties and land use systems with data from recent samplings. Five additional species are reported here for the first time, raising the total to 12 species currently known from Goiás, from the families Benhamiidae (1), Glossoscolecidae (1), Megascolecidae (3), Ocnerodrilidae (2) and Rhinodrilidae (5). In the Federal District, an additional 10 species are reported, bringing the total to 23 earthworm species, belonging to the families Benhamiidae (4), Eudrilidae (1), Glossoscolecidae (2), Ocnerodrilidae (1), Lumbricidae (2), Megascolecidae (1) and Rhinodrilidae (12). Native species in Goiás (6) were found in areas with lesser disturbance, such as in native forest and flooded areas/river banks, a phenomenon also observed in the Federal District. On the other hand, the exotic and peregrine species found in Goiás (6) and in the Federal District (9) dominated in disturbed sites, such as perennial crops, agroforestry, annual crops, urban areas, secondary forests, pastures and agropastoral systems, among others. Given the many new species found and the extension of Goiás and the Federal District, further effort is needed to adequately characterize the earthworm fauna of the region, from where many other species are expected.

Andiorrhinus (Quibario) tatuy Feijoo, Brown & James, 2017 Distribution. Mérida: Zerpa Mount, 2200 masl (Feijoo, Brown & James, 2017)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Ferreira, Carmen & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2023, An annotated checklist and distribution of earthworms from Venezuela (Megadrili: Crassiclitellata), pp. 183-211 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/7744707, {"references":["Feijoo, A. M., Brown, G. G. & James, S. W. (2017) New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa, 4363 (1), 55 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4363.1.2"]}

Dudas, Rafaela T., Demetrio, Wilian C., Maia, Liliane S., Sátiro, José N.O., Silva, Karlo A., Nicola, Vitoria B., Kille, Peter, Oliveira, Cintía M.R., Afonso, Rita O., Russell, Georgina, Ferreira, Nuno G. C., Cunha, Luis, Brown, George G. (2023): Earthworm communities in long-term no-tillage systems and secondary forest fragments in Paraná, Southern Brazil. Zootaxa 5255 (1): 347-361, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.28, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.28

Andiorrhinus (Turedrilus) baniwa (Righi & Nemeth, 1983) Andiorrhinus baniwa Righi & Nemeth, 1983:99. Distribution. Amazonas: Casiquiare and Negro River confluence (Righi & Nemeth, 1983)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Ferreira, Carmen & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2023, An annotated checklist and distribution of earthworms from Venezuela (Megadrili: Crassiclitellata), pp. 183-211 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/7744707, {"references":["Righi, G. & Nemeth, A. (1983) Alguns Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecidae, da Amazonia venezuelana. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, Sao Paulo, 35, 93 - 108."]}

Martiodrilus (Maipure) tapiai sp. nov. (Fig. 3A–D) Etymology. The name of the species was given as a tribute to Dra. Sandra Tapia Coral, Professor of Research National Learning Service (= acronym in Spanish SENA), Leticia, Colombia, for all her important contributions to the knowledge on tropical earthworms and their ecology, especially in the Amazon region. Holotype. Clitellate specimen (CNLT-UTP-0358). Locality: Perú, Department of Loreto, Santa Rosa Farm (5°53'56'' S, 76°10'34'' O). Type of vegetation: Forest fallow Altitude: 168 m. a.s.l. Sampling depth: 20 cm. Collection dates: 16 October 2016. Collectors: Obed Carrascal Torres. Paratypes. Four adults, five juveniles (CNLT-UTP-0359).Same collection data as holotype. Description. Epigeic species, with a light blue to Bermuda grey-colored dorsum, milky-white ventrum, and cylindrical body. Holotype: length (preserved) 132 mm, diameter 3.8 mm in preclitellar region (segment 8), 4.7 mm at clitellum, and 3.4 mm in mid-posterior region. Number of segments: 186. Paratypes (four adults): Adult 1: 122 mm long, diameter 2.7 mm in preclitellar region, 3.3 mm at clitellum, 3.3 mm in mid-posterior region, number of segments: 112. Adult 2: 88.7 mm long, diameter 2.8 mm in preclitellar region, 3.2 mm at clitellum, 2.8 mm in mid-posterior region; number of segments: 119. Adult 3: 110 mm long, diameter 3.0 mm in preclitellar region, 3.6 mm at clitellum, 3.4 mm in mid-posterior region; number of segments: 170. Adult 4: fragmented. The first segment invaginated. The prostomium short and lobe-shaped. Eight rows of closely paired setae are visible (a, b, c, d) as of segment 4. Common setae measures 0.3 mm, has a slightly concave shape and then presents a strong curvature to finish with a hook shape (Fig. 3A). Distance between setae in mid-body region (segments 40–50); aa:ab:bc:cd:dd = 5.2:1:0.6:0.3:17.4. Genital setae in segments 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 measure 0.7 mm, the genital setae are elongated with a slight curvature in the proximal third with semilunar marks and then ends in a spear-shaped point (Fig. 3B). Clitellum blue in the dorsal region and milky white ventral (preserved), saddle-shaped, in segments 14–25 (=12 segments); tubercula pubertatis between segments 19–24 (Fig. 3C). Male pores in segment 18/19, female pores in segment 14/15. Nephropores aligned with setae c. Four pairs of spermathecal pores observed in intersegments 5/6, 6/7, 7/8, 8/9. Between segments 8 and 18, a pair circular areas around setae a and b are observed, except 11 and 12, in which have only one. Internal anatomy. Anterior septa very fragile: only tiny membranous threads representing the septa are observed between segments 7 and 14. Gizzard rounded, in segment 6. Eight pairs of small extramural, tubularshaped calciferous glands, opening into dorsal region of esophagus in segments 7–14; all glands of similar size, with a small appendage in the distal region highly irrigated with blood; gland structure of composite-tubular type, consisting of short parietal tubules that flow into each other. In the center, the tubules merge together in the lumen from where they branch out toward the tip of the calciferous gland. Esophagus-intestine transition at 18/19, typhlosole beginning in segments 29–30. No caeca. Three pairs of thin lateral hearts in segments 7–9, separating the calciferous glands, and two pairs of voluminous intestinal hearts in segments 10 and 11. One pair of holonephridia per segment, nephridiopores located just above the line of setae c. Two pairs of large hypo-esophageal testis sacs in segments 10 and 11, two pairs of seminal vesicles extending forward in segments 11 and 12. One pair of ovaries in segment 13. Four pairs of spermathecae that increase in size, 9=8>7>6, those of segments 8 and 9 are 1 mm, in line with setae c. In each spermathecae the duct is indistinguishable from the ampulla and they are rod-shaped; no seminal chambers (Fig. 3D). Remarks. Martiodrilus (Maipure) tapiai sp. nov. is a species closely related to M. (Mp.) palmirus (Zicsi and Feijoo1994) (Palmira, Colombia), the number of segments occupied by the clitellum in 15- ½ 25 (vs. 14–25) and the presence of four pairs of spermathecae in 5/6-8/9 are similar features. However, palmirus differs from the new species in the following characteristics: tubercula pubertatis in segments 1/n 20 - ¼ 25 (vs. 19–24). It also differs in the shape of the spermathecae, shape and size of common setae, ornamentation of genital setae and, the location of male pores in 20/21 (vs. in 18/19).

Genus Martiodrilus Hypogaeon, Schmarda (1861); Rhinodrilus, Benham, 1890 (partim); Anteus, Beddard, 1895 (partim); Thamnodrilus, Michaelsen, 1918 (partim); Martiodrilus, Michaelsen, 1936., Published as part of Feijoo, Alexander & Lavelle, Patrick, 2023, New species and records of earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta: Crassiclitellata) in small holder farming systems in the Peruvian Amazon, pp. 157-170 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 160, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.17, http://zenodo.org/record/7744620, {"references":["Schmarda, L. K. (1861) Neue wirbellose Tiere, beobachtet und gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde, 1853 - 1857. W. Engelmann, Leipzig, Bd, 1 (2), pp. 7 - 14.","Benham, W. B. (1890) An attempt to classify earthworms. Quarterly Journal of the Microscopical Society, 31, 201 - 315. https: // doi. org / 10.1242 / jcs. s 2 - 31.122.201","Michaelsen, W. (1918) Die Lumbriciden, mit besonderer Ber ¸ cksichtigung der bisher als Glossoscolecidae zusammengefassten Unterfamilien. Zoologische Jahrbucher Abteilung fur Systematik, 41, 1 - 398.","Michaelsen, W. (1936) On the genus Thamnodrilus Beddard. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1936, 1171 - 1173. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1936. tb 06306. x"]}

Righiodrilus paolettii (Righi, 1984b) Glossodrilus paolettii Righi, 1984b: 251. Righiodrilus paollettii Brown & Fragoso, 2007b (misspelling). Distribution. Aragua: Henri Pittier National Park: Rancho Grande (Righi 1984b)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Ferreira, Carmen & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2023, An annotated checklist and distribution of earthworms from Venezuela (Megadrili: Crassiclitellata), pp. 183-211 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 194, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/7744707, {"references":["Righi, G. (1984 b) Nova contribuic \" o ao conhecimento dos Oligochaeta da Venezuela. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, Sao Paulo, 35, 243 - 256."]}

Urobenus brasiliensis (Benham) BRSC0044, 1 juvenile in native forest, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Três Barras National Forest, Três Barras-SC (-26.21896, -50.30357); January, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRSC0049, 7 juveniles in native forest, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Três Barras National Forest, Três Barras-SC (-26.23965, -50.30039); January, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRSC0050, 1 juvenile in native forest, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Três Barras National Forest, Três Barras-SC (-26.23978, -50.30050); January, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRSC0052, 2 juveniles in Pinus sp. plantation, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Três Barras National Forest, Três BarrasSC (-26.21782, -50.30531); January, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRSC0069, 4 juveniles in Araucaria angustifolia plantation, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Três Barras National Forest, Três Barras-SC (-26.21132, -50.29314); January, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRPR1308, 1 juvenile in native forest, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Irati National Forest, Irati-PR (-25.36161, -50.58368); February, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRPR1314, 1 juvenile in Pinus sp. plantation, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Irati National Forest, IratiPR (-25.39549, -50.59412); February, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRPR1316, 1 juvenile in Araucaria angustifolia plantation, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Irati National Forest, Irati-PR (-25.37441, -50.57596); February, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRPR1317, 1 juvenile in Araucaria angustifolia plantation, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Irati National Forest, Irati-PR (-25.37436, -50.57630); February, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRPR1325, 1 juvenile in Araucaria angustifolia plantation, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Irati National Forest, Irati-PR (-25.36414, -50.58398); February, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRPR1331, 1 juvenile in native forest, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Piraí do Sul National Forest, Piraí do Sul-PR (-24.57668, -49.91720); March, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRPR1836, 1 juvenile in Pinus sp. plantation, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Piraí do Sul National Forest, Piraí do Sul-PR (-24.57451, -49.92110); March, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRPR1837, 2 juveniles in Pinus sp. plantation, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Piraí do Sul National Forest, Piraí do Sul-PR (-24.57437, -49.92684); March, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRPR1838, 1 juvenile in Pinus sp. plantation, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Piraí do Sul National Forest, Piraí do Sul-PR (- 24.57426, -49.92665); March, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRPR1341, 1 juvenile in Araucaria angustifolia plantation, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Piraí do Sul National Forest, Piraí do Sul-PR (-24.57817, -49.91392); March, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRPR1841, 2 juveniles in Araucaria angustifolia plantation, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Piraí do Sul National Forest, Piraí do Sul-PR (-24.57382, -49.92761); March, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRPR1842, 1 juvenile in Araucaria angustifolia plantation, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Piraí do Sul National Forest, Piraí do Sul-PR (-24.57351, -49.92757); March, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRSC0073, 1 juvenile in native forest, formalin extraction, Três Barras National Forest, Três Barras-SC (- 26.23320, -50.29207); January, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRSC0075, 1 juvenile in native forest, formalin extraction, in Três Barras National Forest, Três Barras-SC (-26.23334, -50.29199); January, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRSC0076, 1 juvenile in native forest, formalin extraction, Três Barras National Forest, Três BarrasSC (-26.23333, -50.29164); January, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRSC0080, 1 juvenile in native forest, formalin extraction, Três Barras National Forest, Três Barras-SC (-26.23978, -50.30050); January, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRSC0265, 1 juvenile in Araucaria angustifolia plantation, formalin extraction, Três Barras National Forest, Três Barras-SC (-26.23406, -50.29224); January, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRSC0283, 3 individuals (1 adult and 2 juveniles) in Araucaria angustifolia plantation, formalin extractionin Três Barras National Forest, Três Barras-SC (-26.23406, -50.29224); January, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRSC0266, 1 juvenile in Araucaria angustifolia plantation, formalin extraction, Três Barras National Forest, Três Barras-SC (-26.23808, -50.29839); January, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRSC0268, 4 individuals (1 adult and 3 juveniles) in Araucaria angustifolia plantation, formalin extraction, Três Barras National Forest, Três Barras-SC (-26.23794, -50.29817); January, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRSC0271, 3 juveniles in Araucaria angustifolia plantation, formalin extraction, Três Barras National Forest, Três Barras-SC (-26.23793, -50.29774); January, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRPR1356, 1 adult in Pinus sp. plantation, formalin extraction, Irati National Forest, Irati-PR (-25.39529, -50.59349); February, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRPR1358, 1 juvenile in Araucaria angustifolia plantation, formalin extraction, Irati National Forest, Irati-PR (-25.37441, -50.57596); February, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRPR1359, 2 juveniles in Araucaria angustifolia plantation, formalin extraction, Irati National Forest, Irati-PR (-25.37436, -50.57630); February, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRPR1362, 3 juveniles in Araucaria angustifolia plantation, formalin extraction, Irati National Forest, Irati-PR (-25.36414, -50.58398); February, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRPR1368, 4 adults in native forest, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Piraí do Sul National Forest, Piraí do Sul-PR (-24.57668, -49.91720); March, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRSP0465, 3 adults in native forest, formalin extraction, Cap „o Bonito National Forest, Cap„o Bonito-SP (-23.87919, -48.51635); March, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls., Published as part of Demetrio, Wilian Carlo, Fonseca, Priscila Mouro Da, Dudas, Rafaela, Zagatto, Mauricio G. R., Feijoo, Alexander & Brown, George Gardner, 2023, Earthworm species in native and planted forests in Brazil, pp. 304-323 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 315, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.25, http://zenodo.org/record/7744984

Andiorrhinus (Andiorrhinus) kuru Moreno & Paoletti, 2004 Distribution. Amazonas: Buena vista village: next to Padamo river (Moreno & Paoletti 2004).

Glossoscolex n.sp. 9 (new species) BRSP0757, BRSP0762, and BRSP0775 (2 adults each) in IP; February 23, 2018; L.S. Maia-Bruz, W.C. Demetrio, A. Santos, M.L.C. Bartz, L.P. Feliciano, D.F. Primo, C.H. Fernandes, collectors. BRSP0787, 1 adult in AP; February 23, 2018; L.S. Maia-Bruz, W.C. Demetrio, A. Santos, M.L.C. Bartz, L.P. Feliciano, D.F. Primo, C.H. Fernandes, collectors.

Andiorrhinus (Meridrilus) timotocuica Feijoo, Brown & James, 2017 Distribution. Mérida: Beside to the Universitary nucleus "La Hechicera”, Los Andes University, 1950 masl, Zerpa Mount, 2200 masl (Feijoo, Brown & James, 2017)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Ferreira, Carmen & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2023, An annotated checklist and distribution of earthworms from Venezuela (Megadrili: Crassiclitellata), pp. 183-211 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/7744707, {"references":["Feijoo, A. M., Brown, G. G. & James, S. W. (2017) New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa, 4363 (1), 55 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4363.1.2"]}

Rhinodrilus lavellei (Righi, 1992) Native, endogeic. Locality: Perú, Department of Loreto, Santa Rosa Fundo (5°53'56'' S 76°10'34'' W). Type of vegetation: Secondary forest. Altitude: 168 m. a.s.l. Material collected: 3 adult. Sampling depth: 0-10 cm. Collection dates: 16 October 2016. Collector: Obed Carrascal Torres. Other localities: Y38SPC, 30 August, Latitude 5° 57´21”; Plant cover: Secondary forest. 21 January 2017. Collectors: Patrick Lavelle. Y44 EPYC-B2, Santa Lucia, Latitude: 5°53’48.54'' S, Longitude: 75°10’33”W; Plant cover: secondary forest. Collection date: 28 April 2016. Name of collector: Patrick Lavelle., Published as part of Feijoo, Alexander & Lavelle, Patrick, 2023, New species and records of earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta: Crassiclitellata) in small holder farming systems in the Peruvian Amazon, pp. 157-170 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 167, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.17, http://zenodo.org/record/7744620, {"references":["Righi, G. (1992) Four new Peruvian earthworms. Soil Biology Biochemistry, 24 (12), 1223 - 1230. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0038 - 0717 (92) 90097 - H"]}

Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) araucariaensis sp. nov. (Figs. 1) Etymology. The name of the species is given for Araucaria angustifolia, the dominant tree species of the type of vegetation in the habitat at the type locality. Holotype. BRSC0024, one adult found in surface soil (0-20 cm depth) in an Araucaria angustifolia tree plantation at the Três Barras National Forest, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil; 26.23353°S, 50.29291°W, 812 masl, 18 January, 2012, Priscila M. da Fonseca, coll. Paratype. BRSC0025, one adult in two pieces, same collection data as holotype. Other material examined. BRSC0042, two adults, one of them fragmented (only anterior segments, cut off after clitellum) in surface soil (0-20 cm depth) of native Araucaria forest (mixed ombrophilous forest) at the Três Barras National Forest, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil; 26.21908°S, 50.30366°W, 812 masl, 18 January, 2012, Priscila M. da Fonseca, coll. Description. Endogeic species with cylindrical body, lacking pigmentation. Holotype: length 117.1 mm, diameter 1.6 mm in preclitellar region, 2.0 mm at clitellum, 1.9 mm in postclitellar region. Number of segments 305. Paratype: 139 mm long, with diameter 2.0 mm (segment 10), 1.6 mm (segment 21) and 1.8 mm (segment 40). Number of segments 262 (175 in piece with clitellum and 87 in piece with posterior region). The first segment is invaginated. Prolobic prostomium. Setae lumbricine, closely paired, setae a, b visible from segment 12, and c, d from 27. Setal ratio in segment 40: aa:ab:bc:cd:dd = 10:1:1.5:0.5:10. The annular-shaped clitellum lies in segments 15–23, 24 (=9, 10), with tubercula pubertatis absent (Fig. 1A). Male pores in segment 17 are at the tip of a genital tumescence with the shape of volcanic crater (Fig. 1A). Female pores are in segment 14, pre-setal, below nephropore and aligned close to setae b. The nephropores are above the setae b. Internal anatomy. The anterior septa of the segments 6/7–10/11 are thin, conical and interpenetrated but thicker than the rest in the posterior region. Elongated and muscular gizzard in segment 6. One pair calciferous glands with round shape and composite tubular structure [(= Kompositenschlauchtaschen, see Michaelsen (1918: 50)] in segment 12 (Fig. 1B). Oesophagus–intestine transition begins in segment 15 and the typhlosole starts in segment 16. Intestinal caeca absent. Five pairs of hearts in segments 7–11. One pair of holonephridia per segment. Ovaries and ovarian funnels in segment 13. One pair of seminal vesicles beginning in segment 12 and extending to segment 93. Male sexual system metandric, testes and funnels in single mid-ventral subesophageal sac in 11; with vas deferens beginning in segment 11 and extending backwards above a, b setae, penetrating the copulatory chambers in segment 17, and exiting at the male pore in segment 17. Copulatory chambers, bean shaped, present in segments 17–18 (Fig. 1B). Remarks. Glossoscolex (G.) araucariaensis sp. nov. is close to G. (G.) mariarum Bartz & James, 2012 (Lupionópolis, Paraná, Brazil), G. (G.) terraopimus Bartz & James, 2012 (Ortigueira, Paraná, Brazil) by the presence and position of annular clitellum and lack of tubercula pubertatis, but is separated by the shape and position of the copulatory pouches [G. (G.) mariarum: fusiform, 1/3 15-19; G. (G.) terraopimus: reniform, 15-1/2 18] vs. bean shaped, present in segments 17–18, as well as the setal distances., Published as part of Feijoo-Martínez, Alexander & Brown, George G., 2023, Three new Glossoscolex (Annelida: Crassiclitellata: Glossoscolecidae) in the truncatus group from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, pp. 220-234 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on pages 223-224, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21, http://zenodo.org/record/7744725, {"references":["Michaelsen, W. (1918) Die Lumbriciden, mit besonderer Ber ¸ cksichtigung der bisher als Familie Glossoscolecidae zusammengefassen Unterfamilien. Zoologische Jahrb ¸ cher, Abteilung f ¸ r Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere, 41, 1 - 398.","Bartz, M. L., James, S. W., Pasini, A. & Brown, G. G. (2012) New earthworm species of Glossoscolex Leuckart, 1835 and Fimoscolex Michaelsen, 1900 (Clitellata: Glossoscolecidae) from Northern Parana, Brazil. Zootaxa, 3458, 59 - 85. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3458.1.3"]}

Rhinodrilus elisianae Righi, Ayres & Bittencourt, 1976 Distribution. Amazonas: Near to Mavaca River (Drachenberg, 1991)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Ferreira, Carmen & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2023, An annotated checklist and distribution of earthworms from Venezuela (Megadrili: Crassiclitellata), pp. 183-211 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 201, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/7744707, {"references":["Righi, G., Ayres, I. & Bittencourt, E. C. R. (1976) Glossoscolecidae (Oligochaeta) do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia. Acta Amazonica, 6, 335 - 367. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1809 - 43921976063335","Drachenberg, C. E. A. (1991) Alguns Oligochaeta (Glossoscolecidae) da regi \" o do Rio Mavaca na Amazonia Venezuelana. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, 7, 143 - 150."]}

Subgenus Martiodrilus (Martiodrilus) Righi, 1995, sensu Zicsi, 2000 Diagnosis. Different sizes, without pigments, dark blue, green or with stripes that vary between black and yellow. Setae in 8 longitudinal rows all over the body, rarely in an irregular arrangement at the end of the body. Intraclitellar male pores. Calciferous glands 8 pairs in segment 7-14, with composite tubular structure. Holandric and metagynous genitalia. 1, 2, or 3 pairs of spermathecae. Dissepiments thickened behind oesophagus. Holonephridia without rosette shaped nephrostoma (modified Zicsi, 2000). Type species. Martiodrilus (Martiodrilus) heterostichon heterostichon (Schmarda, 1861) Distribution. Number of species: 27, 3 subspecies. Ecuador (23), Colombia (4), Peru (1). In some cases, the species are distributed in several countries, for example Martiodrilus (Martiodrilus) heterostichon colpochaeta (Cognetti, 1906) (Ecuador, Colombia)., Published as part of Feijoo, Alexander & Lavelle, Patrick, 2023, New species and records of earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta: Crassiclitellata) in small holder farming systems in the Peruvian Amazon, pp. 157-170 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on pages 163-164, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.17, http://zenodo.org/record/7744620, {"references":["Righi, G. (1995) Colombian earthworms. In: Van der Hammen, T. & Dos Santos, A. G. (Eds.), Studies on Tropical Andean Ecosystems / Estudios de Ecosistemas Tropandinos 4. Cramer, Berlin, pp. 485 - 607.","Zicsi, A. (2000) Revision der untergattung Martiodrilus (Martiodrilus, 1936) (Oligocahaeta: Glossoscolecidae) regenwurmer aus Sudamerika, 29. Opusc. Zool. Budapest, 32, 139 - 167.","Schmarda, L. K. (1861) Neue wirbellose Tiere, beobachtet und gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde, 1853 - 1857. W. Engelmann, Leipzig, Bd, 1 (2), pp. 7 - 14.","Cognetti de Martiis L. (1906) Oligocheti della regione Neotropicale II. Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, 56 (2), 147 - 262."]}

Bruz, Lilianne Dos Santos Maia, Santos, Alessandra, Demetrio, Wilian C., Primo, Daniele De Freitas, Feliciano, Luana Priscila, Fernandes, Carlos Henrique, Bartz, Marie L. C., Bernardi, Alberto Carlos De Campo, Pezzopane, José Ricardo Macedo, Brown, George Gardner (2023): Earthworms in various agricultural and forest ecosystems in São Carlos-SP Brazil. Zootaxa 5255 (1): 324-335, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.26, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.26

Andiorrhinus (Meridrilus) boconius (Righi, 1989) Andiorrhinus boconius Righi, 1989:1069. Distribution. Trujillo: Boconó-Guaramacal road 2500 masl, La Cristalina 2500 masl (Righi 1989), Guaramacal: Near Boconó 2900 masl, La Cristalina: Near Boconó 2900 masl, La Laguna: Near Boconó 1900 masl (Righi 1993)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Ferreira, Carmen & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2023, An annotated checklist and distribution of earthworms from Venezuela (Megadrili: Crassiclitellata), pp. 183-211 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on pages 197-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/7744707, {"references":["Righi, G. (1989) Adic \" o ao conhecimento dos Oligochaeta da Venezuela. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, Rio de Janeiro, 49, 1065 - 1084.","Righi, G. (1993) Venezuelan earthworms and considerations on the genus Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecida). Tropical Zoology (Special Issue), 1, 125 - 139."]}

Rhinodrilus pashanasii (Righi, 1992) Native, endogeic. Locality: Perú, Department of Loreto, Santa Rosa farm (5°53'56'' S 76°10'34'' W). Type of vegetation: secondary forest. Altitude: 168 m. a.s.l. Material collected: 2 adults. Sampling depth: 0-20 cm. litter. Collection dates: 16 October 2016. Collector: Obed Carrascal Torres. Other localities: Y44 EPYC-C1, Santa Lucia, Latitude: 5°53’48.54'' S, Longitude: 75°10’33”W; Plant cover: secondary forest. Collection date: 28 April 2016. Name of collector: Patrick Lavelle., Published as part of Feijoo, Alexander & Lavelle, Patrick, 2023, New species and records of earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta: Crassiclitellata) in small holder farming systems in the Peruvian Amazon, pp. 157-170 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 167, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.17, http://zenodo.org/record/7744620, {"references":["Righi, G. (1992) Four new Peruvian earthworms. Soil Biology Biochemistry, 24 (12), 1223 - 1230. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0038 - 0717 (92) 90097 - H"]}

Genus Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908: 919–923; Michaelsen 1918: 190; Cordero 1945: 2; Righi 1971: 16; 1986: 124; 1993: 125–139; Zicsi 1995: 588. Type species. Andiorrhinus salvadori Cognetti, 1908. Diagnosis. Eight setae per segment; intraclitellar male pores; three pairs of calciferous glands in VII–IX, lamellar structure; a pair of testes in X and XI within testis sacs; two pairs of seminal vesicles restricted to XI and XII; ovaries in XIII; spermathecae in pre-testicular segments. Subgenus Andiorrhinus (Amazonidrilus) Righi, 1993 Type species. Andiorrhinus (Amaz.) rondoniensis Righi, 1986 Andiorrhinus (Amazonidrilus) caxiuana n. sp. Hernandez-Garcia & Sousa (Figure 2A,G) Holotype. Holotype. MPEG. ANL 001208, one adult, complete, secondary forest 1 year old, FLONA de Caxiuan „, Melgaço, Pará, Brazil, 1°46’7’’S, 51°26’35’’W, 24 masl, January 2014. Santos, P. coll. Paratype. MPEG. ANL 001206, two adults, one amputee and one fracgmented, secondary forest 2 years old, FLONA de Caxiuan „, Melgaço, Pará, Brazil, 1°46’7’’S, 51°26’35’’W, 24 masl, January 2014. Santos, P. coll. MPEG. ANL 001207, one preadult mature, complete, secondary forest 2 years old, FLONA de Caxiuan„, Melgaço, Pará, Brazil, 1°46’7’’S, 51°26’35’’W, 24 masl, July 2016. Santos, P. coll. MPEG. ANL 002396, one adult, complete, secondary forest 40 years old, FLONA de Caxiuan „, Melgaço, Pará, Brazil, 1°45’32.083”S, 51°26’22.236”W, 28 masl, January 2014. Medeiros, P.S.J. coll. MPEG. ANL 002397, one adult, complete, secondary forest 40 years old, FLONA de Caxiuan„, Melgaço, Pará, Brazil, 1°44’36.157”S, 51°26’44.167”W, 43 masl, May 2014. Medeiros, P.S.J. coll. Etymology. The species name derives from the region where earthworms where collected. Description. Dimensions: holotype 113 mm in length by 4.5 mm at X, 5.1 mm at clitellum, 4.3 mm at XXX, 158 segments; paratypes 1 and 2 amputee 57—84 mm in length by 3.5–4.9 mm at X, 5.0– 5.8 mm at clitellum and 4.2–5.0 mm at XXX, 62–119 segments respectively. Paratypes 3 and 4 complete 57–84 mm in length by 3.9–4.0 mm at X, 4.0–5.0 mm at clitellum and 3.5–3.8 mm at XXX, 62–119 segments respectively. Body cylindrical, dark brown in color after fixed. Setae ab and cd commence on IV, closely paired-type. Setal arrangement aa:ab:bc:cd:dd = 7:1:15:0.8:53 at XXX for holotype. Prostomium tentacular 4.5–5.8 mm in length (Fig 2A). Clitellum beige in color, saddle shaped reaching just near B line, in XVI–1/2XXV (Fig 2B). In XVI the clitellum above only setae cd. Puberal furrows in XX-XXIII just beside B line. Post-clitellar common setae slightly sigmoidal, setae ab of XXX 430–500 μ m in length, smooth at the apical part and truncated at base (Fig. 2C). Genital markings as smooth white papillae are in 18–23 on AB line. Genital setae associated to follicles of spermathecae of IX on ab, straight, 1700–1850 μ m in length. Genital setae ab of XXII, straight, seta a 1930–2050 μ m in length, the concave sub-apical part ornamented with fourteen-fifteen alternate semilunar excavations, setae b 2830–3000 μ m in length, the concave sub-apical part ornamented with nineteen–twenty alternate semilunar excavations (Fig. 2D). Microscopical male and female pores not recognized externally. Three pairs of spermathecal pore marks are present just near the intersegmental lines 6/7–8/ 9 in CD line (Fig. 2E). Nephropores at anterior part of segments near the intersegmental limit, and aligned with CD line, first nephropore visible in V. Pre-clitellar septa very fragile, membranous septa in 11/12–14/15, intraclitellar septa membranous. Gizzard in segment VI, 5.0 mm in wide and 6.2 mm in length, highly muscular, internal musculature 1.2 mm. Intestinal origin in XXVIII. Typhlosole as a folded lamina at XXIX extended to CXVIII, occupying approximately 70-80% of the intestinal diameter. Three pairs of lamellar calciferous glands in VII–IX, ventral-dorsal connection, pedunculated at dorsal connection, and with 26–28 lamella in the middle region. The glands are 0.6–1.0 mm wide and 2.5–2.7 mm in length (Fig. 2F). Holonephric, post-clitellar nephridium vesiculate, open to coelom, with one loop connected to the bladder compartment by a glandular tube. The bladder is extended almost a half of the circumference to the body. The vascular system with ventral trunk, single dorsal trunk, and three pairs of lateral blood vessels in VII–IX. Four pairs of big lateroesophageal hearts in X–XIII. Supra-esophageal vessel runs over the dorsal side. Those of X–XXVIII thinner than intestine region. One pair of flabellate ovaries are in XIII. Female funnels on 13/14. Female pores open in 14/ 15 in A line. Three pairs of spermathecae in VII–IX; seminal chambers are present in the ducts, the duct of the more developed spermathecae measures 0.35 mm wide and 0.3–0.4 mm in length, the oval ampulla measures 0.6–0.75 mm wide and 0.45–0.5 mm in length (Fig. 2G). A ventral and big glandular mass is observed fixed to the wall of IX, near the spermatheca with follicles associated to genital setae ab, there is not replacement setae. Spermathecal pores open just near the intersegmental limits 6/7, 7/8, 8/ 9 in CD line. Two pairs of globular testes sacs are beside to hearts in X–XI. Male funnels are on anterior body wall. A pair of seminal vesicles are in XI–XII. A pair of deferent sperm ducts go parallel through B line and open on 19/20. Remarks. 48 species distributed in Venezuela (24), Brazil (20), Colombia (3), Bolivia (3), Guyana (1), Paraguay (1). Some species found in more than one country (Brown & Fragoso 2007). Andiorrhinus with four pairs of intestinal hearts in 10, 11, 12, 13 (Righi 1993); 21 species distributed in Brazil (14), Venezuela (5), Bolivia (3), Colombia (1), Paraguay (1). Some species found in two countries (Brown & Fragoso 2007). The new species Andiorrhinus (Amazonidrilus) caxiuana n. sp. is similar to A. (Amaz.) rondoniensis Righi 1986 and A. (Amaz.) gavi Righi & Araujo 1999 by the clitellum and tubercula pubertatis extension in XVI–XXV and 1/2XX, XX–XXIII, 1/2XXIII. The main difference with A. (Amaz.) rondoniensis is the male pore position, which is in XXI in A. (Amaz.) rondoniensis. Position of male pore (19/20) is the same in A. (Amaz.) gavi and A. (Amaz.) caxiuana, however there are other differences among both species; ornamented common setae, and longer genital setae (1mm) in A. (Amaz.) gavi; setae arrangement 5:1:7.3:0.7:15.7 for A. (Amaz.) gavi and 7.0:1.0:15.0:0.8:53.0 for A. (Amaz.). caxiuana; intestine origin in XXIII for A. (Amaz.) gavi vs XXVIII for A. (Amaz.) caxiuana. A. (Amaz.) caxiuana also is smaller, at least one quarter or a half in length, and has one glandular mass associated to spermathecae in IX vs two in VII and VIII of A. (Amaz.) gavi, Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Beckman, Ruana Aretha Farias Santiago, Pereira, Natália Jovita & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2023, Rhinodrilus priscilae and Andiorrhinus (Amazonidrilus) caxiuana (Crassiclitellata Rcrilidae) two new species from Caxiuanã National Forest, pp. 212-219 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on pages 215-217, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.20, http://zenodo.org/record/7744719, {"references":["Cognetti, L. (1908) Lombrichi di Costa Rica e del Venezuela. Atti della Reale Accademie delle Scienze di Torino, 43, 505 - 518.","Righi, G. (1993) Venezuelan earthworms and considerations on the genus Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecida). Tropical Zoology (Special Issue), 1, 125 - 139.","Righi, G. (1986). Alguns Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecidae, de Rondonia, Brasil. Boletim de Zoologia, 10 (10), 283 - 303. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2526 - 3358. bolzoo. 1986.122358"]}

Genus Glossoscolex Leuckart, 1835 (in Froriep 1835). Type species. Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) giganteus Leuckart, 1836 (in Oken 1836) Diagnosis. Setae in 8 longitudinal lines. One pair of male pores. One pair of calciferous glands in segment 11 or 12 with composite-tubular structure. Sexual system metandric and metagynic; seminal vesicles in general long; a pair of copulatory bulbs connecting sperm ducts and the external male genital pores; spermathecae absent. Number of described species/subspecies: 58 (including the ones in the present paper). Distribution (No. species/subspecies): Brazil (48), Argentina (6), Paraguay (4), Uruguay (4) (updated from Feijoo & Brown 2018). In a few cases (5) species have been found in more than one country (Fragoso & Brown 2007)., Published as part of Feijoo-Martínez, Alexander & Brown, George G., 2023, Three new Glossoscolex (Annelida: Crassiclitellata: Glossoscolecidae) in the truncatus group from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, pp. 220-234 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21, http://zenodo.org/record/7744725, {"references":["Leuckart, F. S. (1836) Abbildung neuer Genus Ringelwurm. Isis Oken, 764.","Feijoo, A. & Brown, G. G. (2018) New species of Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from Embrapa Forestry, Parana, Brazil. Zootaxa, 4496, 492 - 502. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4496.1.38","Fragoso, C. & Brown, G. G. (2007) Ecologia y taxonomia de las lombrices de tierra en Latino-America: El primer Encuentro Latino-Americano de Ecologia y Taxonomia de Oligoquetos (ELAETAO 1). In: Brown, G. G. & Fragoso, C. (Eds.), Minhocas na America Latina: biodiversidad e ecologia. Embrapa Soja, Londrina, pp. 33 - 75."]}

Righiodrilus guahibo (Righi & Molina, 1994) Glossodrilus guahibo Righi & Molina, 1994: 306. Distribution. Barinas: Ticoporo Forestal Reserve: Unidad II (Righi & Molina1994)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Ferreira, Carmen & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2023, An annotated checklist and distribution of earthworms from Venezuela (Megadrili: Crassiclitellata), pp. 183-211 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 193, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/7744707, {"references":["Righi, G. & Molina, S. (1994) Terricolous Oligochaeta (Glossoscolecida) of the Venezuelan Llanos. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 101, 299 - 313. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 79909"]}

Feijoo-Martínez, Alexander, Brown, George G. (2023): Three new Glossoscolex (Annelida: Crassiclitellata: Glossoscolecidae) in the truncatus group from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Zootaxa 5255 (1): 220-234, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.21

Rhinodrilus sp.2 BRDF0415, (1 individual), BRDF0418, (1 individual), in open humid savannah, Botanical Garden, BrasíliaDF (S15°52'52.51", W47°51'28.27"), 13 December 2018, M. L. C. Bartz, C. C. Niva, G. G. Brown, R. L. March „o, colls., Published as part of Ferreira, Talita, Niva, Cintia C., Dudas, Rafaela, Roani, Rodrigo, Durães, Natália, Marchão, Robélio Leandro, James, Samuel Wooster, Bartz, Marie L. C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm species in different land use systems in the state of Goiás and the Federal District of Brazil, pp. 283-303 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 290, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.24, http://zenodo.org/record/7744899

Fimoscolex sp. 36 BRPR1723, 2 individuals, in 0 to 20 cm soil depth in grass lawn in Universidade Positivo, Curitiba - PR (-25.445700 -49.361800, 949 m. a.s.l.), March 2018, R.M. Guaranha, M. Smokanit, J.L.M. Torres, M.L.C. Bartz colls. BRPR1654 and BRPR1656, 18 individuals, in 0 to 20 cm soil depth in grass lawn in Universidade Positivo, Curitiba - PR (- 25.448590 -49.356999, 949 m. a.s.l.), June 2019, A.A. T. Tavares, B.L. de Lara, C. Ercole, E. da S. Carlos, M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas colls. BRPR1590, 15 adults, in 0 to 20 cm soil depth in grass lawn in Casa Verde, Curitiba – PR (-25.456943 -49.373547, 926 m. a.s.l.), June 2019, A.A. T. Tavares, B.L. de Lara, C. Ercole, E. da S. Carlos, M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas colls., Published as part of Dudas, Rafaela T., Tavares, Alan A. T., Ercole, Caique, De Lara, Brunna L., Carlos, Esthefany Da S., Torres, Julia L. M., Smokanit, Manoela, Guaranha, Raquel M. & Brown, George G., 2023, Urban green areas as earthworm species maintainers in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, pp. 336-346 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 339, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.27, http://zenodo.org/record/7744988

Andiorrhinus duseni (Michaelsen) BRPR1671, 1 individual, in 0 to 20 cm soil depth in native vegetation in Casa Verde, Curitiba – PR (-25.456502 -49.372752, 926 m. a.s.l.), February 2019, A.A. T. Tavares, B.L. de Lara, C. Ercole, E. da S. Carlos, M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas colls. BRPR1560 1 individual, in 0 to 20 cm soil depth in grass lawn in Casa Verde, Curitiba – PR (- 25.456633 -49.373330, 926 m. a.s.l.), June 2019, A.A. T. Tavares, B.L. de Lara, C. Ercole, E. da S. Carlos, M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas colls., Published as part of Dudas, Rafaela T., Tavares, Alan A. T., Ercole, Caique, De Lara, Brunna L., Carlos, Esthefany Da S., Torres, Julia L. M., Smokanit, Manoela, Guaranha, Raquel M. & Brown, George G., 2023, Urban green areas as earthworm species maintainers in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, pp. 336-346 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on pages 339-340, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.27, http://zenodo.org/record/7744988

Martiodrilus (Maipure) yurimaguensis sp. nov. (Fig. 2A–F) Etymology. The name of the species was given as a tribute to a city in the North of Peru, “close to the collecting site”, capital of the Alto Amazonas province in the department of Loreto, Perú. Holotype. Clitellate specimen (CNLT-UTP-0356). Locality: Perú, Department of Loreto, Santa Rosa Fundo (5°53'56'' S, 76°10'34'' O). Type of vegetation: Purma. Altitude: 168 m. a.s.l. Sampling depth: 0-10 cm. Collection dates: 16 October 2016. Collectors: Obed Carrascal Torres. Paratypes. Four adults, five juveniles (CNLT-UTP-0357).Same collection data as holotype. Description. Epigeic species. Individuals preserved in 70 % alcohol are depigmented and the color cannot be specified. Holotype: length 120 mm, diameter 4.9 mm in preclitellar region (segment 8), 5.7 mm at clitellum, 5.1 mm in mid-posterior region. Number of segments: 84. Paratypes (Four adults): Adult 1: 81.3 mm long, diameter 3.4 mm in preclitellar region, 4.1 mm at clitellum, 3.1 mm in mid-posterior region, number of segments: 106. Adult 2: decapitate. The first segment invaginated. Short and lobe-shaped prostomium. Eight rows of closely paired setae are visible (a, b, c, d) as of segment 4. Common setae measure 0.3 mm. After 1/3 proximal, a nodule is observed, from which it becomes thicker and then presents a strong hook-shaped curve that ends in a point (Fig. 2A). Setal arrangement at the middle of the body (segments 40–50); aa: ab: bc: cd: dd = 9:1:14:0.9:38. Setae a and b between segments 15 to 24 and 6 to 9 modified into genital setae, measure 1.7 mm, elongated with a slight bend in the proximal third and then in the following 2/3, it presents semilunar excavations alternate, ending in a spearhead (Fig. 2B). Clitellum saddle-shaped, in segments 14–1/4 25 (=12 segments); tubercula pubertatis between segments 1/318 – 1/2 25 (Fig. 2C). Male pores in segment 20/21, female pores in segment 14/15. Nephropores aligned with setae c. Four pairs of spermathecal pores observed in intersegments 5/6, 6/7, 7/8, 8/9. Between segments 15 and 26, a pair of circular areas around setae a and b are observed. Internal anatomy. Anterior septa are very fragile and they change their shape from 10/11 to 16/17, in which they appear in the form of delicate membranes. The gizzard is in segment 6, it is slightly elongated. Between segments 7 and 14 there are eight pairs of calciferous glands (Fig. 2D). The first three pairs differ in shape and structure. The glands are kidney-shaped with a very large distal appendix that projects with a curve to one side of the gland. The 7-9 pairs structure is made up of parallel compound tubules projecting from the center outward, with a central tube dividing the tubules from the start of the appendix. In those of 10-14, the central tube is absent, the tubules have a lower density, and their spaces are wider (Fig. 2E). Esophagus-intestine transition at 17/18, typhlosole beginning in segment 24. No caeca. Three pairs of thin lateral hearts in segments 7–9, separating the calciferous glands, and two pairs of voluminous intestinal hearts in segments 10 and 11. One pair of holonephridia per segment, nephridiopores located just above the line of setae c and d. Two pairs of large hypo-esophageal testis sacs in segments 10 and 11, two pairs of seminal vesicles extending forward in segments 11 and 12. Two pairs of vas deferens project backward and are lost in the parietal musculature between segments 15 and 17, then become visible again at 18 and empty into the male pores between 20/21. One pair of ovaries in segment 13. Four pairs of spermathecae that increase in size, 9>8>7>6, those of segments 8 and 9 are 0.3 mm, in line with setae c and d. In each spermathecae the duct is long, the ampulla shaped like a tree; no seminal chambers (Fig. 2F). Remarks. Martiodrilus (Maipure) yurimaguensis, sp. nov. is a species related to Martiodrilus (M.) ophioides (Cognetti, 1904) (Valle del río Santiago/ Ecuador),because of clitellum position in 14, 15, 16-25, and the presence of eight pairs of calciferous glands in segments 7-14. However, this species differs from the new species in the following characteristics: M. (M.) ophioides presents tubercula pubertatis in segments 20-26 (vs. 1/3 18 – 1/2 25), and it also differs in number and shape of spermathecae (3 pairs and, sessile sac shape) vs. 4, and shaped like a tree).

Righiodrilus omagua, sp. nov (Figure 1A–B, Table 1) Etymology. The new species was named in recognition of and homage to the Omaguas indigenous people who live in the Alto Amazonia. Omaguas, occupied the upper reaches of the Amazon River from the mouths of the Napo River to the Putumayo (Ullán, 2007). Holotype. Clitellate specimen (CNLT-UTP-0354). Perú, Department of Loreto, Santa Rosa farm (5°53'56'' S, 76°10'34'' W). Secondary forest locally identified as Purma. 168 m. a.s.l. Sampling depth: 10-20 cm. 16 October 2016. Collectors: Obed Carrascal Torres. Paratypes. 11 adults, 10 juveniles (CNLT-UTP-0355). Same collection data as holotype. Description. Endogeic species, with a cylindrical, nonpigmented body. Holotype: length 34.2 mm, diameter 1.22 mm in preclitellar region, 1.15 mm at clitellum, 1.13 mm in postclitellar region. Number of segments: 140. Paratypes (11 adults, 10 juveniles): Adult 1: 28.4 mm long, diameter 1.25 mm in preclitellar region, 1.31 mm at clitellum, 1.18 mm in mid-posterior region, number of segments: 109. Adult 2: 29.5 mm long, diameter 0.93 mm in preclitellar region, 1.26 mm at clitellum, 1.1 mm in mid-posterior region, number of segments: 129. The remaining adults measure on average: 32.6, 1.2, 1.29, 1.16 respectively, and have 110 segments. The Prostomium small, epilobic. Setae arranged in four pairs of longitudinal rows. Straight setae, with nodulus, length 0.02 mm. Genital setae absent. Setae ratio in segment 30 aa:ab:bc:cd:dd = 20:1:3:1:28. The saddle-shaped clitellum lies in segments 15–20, ½ 21 (= 6, 6.5 segments) (Fig. 1A), with tubercula pubertatis located between segments ½15, 15- ½18, 18 (=3, 4), they have an oval shape with a milky white color, between the lines of setae ab and cd. Male pores in intersegment 16/17, female pores in ½ 14. Nephropores between setae c and d. Two pairs of spermathecal pores were observed in intersegments 8/9, 9/ 10 in line with setae cd. Internal anatomy. Septa 6/7–10/11 very thick, conical, interpenetrated. Gizzard in segment 6. One pair of extramural calciferous glands with tubular structure (Kompositenschlauchtasche) emerging from region of esophagus of segment 11 and extending to segment 13, glandular part in segments 14 and. Esophagus-intestine transition in segment 15, typhlosole from segment 15. Caeca lacking. Three pairs of lateral hearts in segments 7–9, two pairs of intestinal hearts in segments 10 and 11. Supraesophageal and subneural vessels lacking. One pair of vesicular holonephridia per segment. The two large testis sacs coalesce ventrally in segment 11. The large seminal vesicles in segment 12 continue back to segment 24 (Fig. 1B). The male ducts run ventrally along the parietal region to intersegment 16/17. Ovaries in segment 13, female pores in segment 14. Two pairs of spermathecae in segments 9 and 10, heart-shaped, of different size, the second pair larger. The duct thin and separate from the ampulla (Fig. 1B). Remarks. Righiodrilus omagua sp. nov. is a species closely related to Righiodrilus cigges Righi, 1970 (Serra do Navio, Amapá / Brazil), Righiodrilus mairaro Righi, 1982 (Boa Vista, Roraima / Brazil), and Righiodrilus paoletti Righi, 1984 (Parque Nacional El Avila/ Venezuela) because of the presence of clitellum in segments 15–21, two pairs of spermathecae in segments 9 and 10, and pores of the spermathecae in line with the setae cd (Table 1). The following characteristics of the new species allow its differentiation from the others: tubercula pubertatis in segments ½15, 15- ½18, 18; male pores located in intersegment 16/17; large seminal vesicles in segment 12 that continue to the end of segment 24. Distinctive characteristics of the other species are as follows: R. cigges: tubercula pubertatis in segments 17, ½ 17 – 2/3 19, 19; male pores in segments 17/18; pores of the spermathecae in line with the setae b; seminal vesicles in segments 12–18. R. mairaro: tubercula pubertatis in segments 19–1/3 21; male pores in segments 19/20; seminal vesicles between segments 12 to 24 or 36 and, sack-shaped spermathecae in which the duct is indistinguishable from the ampoule. R. paoletti: tubercula pubertatis in segments 17–1/2 19, and position of male pores in 17 (Table 1)., Published as part of Feijoo, Alexander & Lavelle, Patrick, 2023, New species and records of earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta: Crassiclitellata) in small holder farming systems in the Peruvian Amazon, pp. 157-170 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on pages 159-160, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.17, http://zenodo.org/record/7744620, {"references":["Ullan, F. J. (2007) Jesuitas, Omaguas, Yurimaguas y la Guerra Hipano-Lusa por el Alto Amazonas. Para un posible guion alternativo de \" La Mision \". Anales del Museo de America, 15, 173 - 190.","Righi, G. (1970) Sobre o genero Andioscolex (Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecidae). Revista Brasileira Biologia, 30 (3), 371 - 376.","Righi, G. (1982) Adicies ao genero Glossodrilus (Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecidae). Revista Brasileira Zoologie, S. Paulo, 1, 1, 55 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81751982000100009"]}

Glossoscolecidae (juveniles) BRPR0953, 1 individual, surface soil under no-tillage in Rolândia — PR (23°18’58.02”S; 51°27’35.39”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRPR0954, 2 individuals, surface soil under riparian forest in Cambé — PR (23° 9’59.22”S; 51°14’16.67”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. ch (Schuster) colls. BRPR0955, 2 individuals, surface soil under riparian forest in Toledo — PR (24°48’58.54”S; 53°33’14.44”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRRS0294, 1 individual, surface soil under riparian forest in Sarandi —RS, (27°55’25.71”S 52°47’35.01”W) May 2019. M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas, J. Tomporowski, W.C. Demetrio colls., Published as part of Bartz, Marie L. C., Barreto, Julia, Santos, Alessandra, Dudas, Rafaela T., Ferreira, Talita, Maia, Lilianne Dos Santos, Demetrio, Wilian C., Smokanit, Manoela, Tavares, Alan A., Schuster, Phillip A., Hernani, Luis C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm richness in no-tillage farming systems and riparian forests in Southern and Southeastern Brazil, pp. 362-376 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.29, http://zenodo.org/record/7745023

Glossoscolex sp. 50 BRRS0264 (2 individuals), BRRS0269 (1 individual), in soil 0-20 cm depth in agropastoral farming system, Alegrete /RS (ICL4, -29.7788889 -55.36444444, 171 masl); 16 January 2021; M.L.C. Bartz, S.M.G. Gillanders, A.A. Cuesta Hermira, A. de Miranda, D.M. Marques, L. Hammes Dadalt, colls. BRRS0270 (2 individuals), BRRS0271 (2 individuals), in soil 0-20 cm depth in native grass pasture, Alegrete /RS (NGP4, -29.7777778 -55.36305556, 205 masl); 16 January 2021; M.L.C. Bartz, S.M.G. Gillanders, A.A. Cuesta Hermira, A. de Miranda, D.M. Marques, L. Hammes Dadalt, colls., Published as part of Gillanders, Stephen M. G., Podgaiski, Luciana R., Overbeck, Gerhard E., Santos, Alessandra, Winck, Bruna, Brown, George G. & Bartz, Marie L. C., 2023, Earthworms in natural grasslands and agropastoral systems in the Brazilian Pampa, pp. 377-388 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 379, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.30, http://zenodo.org/record/7745051

The amazon forest is the habitat of a high species diversity of invertebrates and unfortunately the real richness had been underestimated. Earthworms’ inventories had been poor because difficult to describe new species. This study adds new records to eastern amazon of two new species belong Rhinodrilus and Andiorrhinus genera. R. priscilae n. sp. is another rare specimen of the genre having two pair of prostatoid glands. A. (Amazonidrilus) caxiuana differ of other species in size, the intestinal origin is in XXVIII and also has only one glandular mass associated to spermatheca.

Pontoscolex (Pontoscolex) corethrurus (Müller, 1857) Exotic, endogeic. Locality: Perú, Department of Loreto, Santa Rosa Fundo - 5°53'56'' S 76°10'34'' W). Type of vegetation: Secondary forest. Altitude: 168 m. a.s.l. Material collected: 2 adults. Sampling depth: 0-20 cm. Collection dates: 16 October 2016. Collectors: Obed Carrascal Torres. Other localities: Santo Tomas, Y 07 AM3.1: 2 Ad; 8 subad; Lat. 5° 59´29.04”S; Long. - 76° 14´54.6” W. Type of vegetation: mixed crops. 20 January 2016. Patrick Lavelle. Y19SSP- (13 juv and 3 ad); Suniplaya, Latitude: 5° 56´30.48” S; Longitude: 76° 8´52”, pasture. Date of collection 11 February 2016. Patrick Lavelle. Y50EFB-C1 (4 Ad and 14 Juv); Trancayacu, Latitude: 5°54´24.78° S; Longitude: 76° 10´47.22”; secondary forest. 24 January 2017, Patrick Lavelle. Y43SPC-A1 (10 Juv and 3 Ad); Miguel Grau, Altitude: 150 m a.s.l.; Latitude: 5°53’25.728”; Longitude: 76°S, 17’52.116”. Pasture. 18 January 2017. Patrick Lavelle. Pontoscolex corethrurus has been collected in all pastures and deforested areas., Published as part of Feijoo, Alexander & Lavelle, Patrick, 2023, New species and records of earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta: Crassiclitellata) in small holder farming systems in the Peruvian Amazon, pp. 157-170 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 167, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.17, http://zenodo.org/record/7744620

Fimoscolex n.sp. BRSP0142, 1 juvenile in native forest, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Cap „o Bonito National Forest, Cap„o BonitoSP (-23.87886, -48.51624); March, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRSP0404, 1 juvenile in native forest, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Cap „o Bonito National Forest, Cap„o Bonito-SP (-23.87962, -48.51648); March, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls. BRSP0442, 1 juvenile in Araucaria angustifolia plantation, hand sorting, topsoil (0-20 cm), Cap „o Bonito National Forest, Cap„o Bonito-SP (-23.88157, -48.50778); March, 2012; P. Fonseca, M. Zagatto, colls., Published as part of Demetrio, Wilian Carlo, Fonseca, Priscila Mouro Da, Dudas, Rafaela, Zagatto, Mauricio G. R., Feijoo, Alexander & Brown, George Gardner, 2023, Earthworm species in native and planted forests in Brazil, pp. 304-323 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 316, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.25, http://zenodo.org/record/7744984

Glossodrilus sp.1 BRDF0386, 30 adults, 97 juveniles, in soil beside a streamlet bordering the Cerrad „o, Planaltina-DF (S15°36'23.77" W47°42'31.20"), 4 March 2020, C. C. Niva, W. de M. Araújo, A. E. C. B. Guedes, N. Dur„es. BRDF0310, 1 adult, in soil beside streamlet close to the road, Planaltina-DF (S15°36'23.77" W47°42'31.20"), 16 April 2019, C. C. Niva, J. Lopes, colls. BRDF0337 (2 individuals), BRDF0340 (11 individuals), in irrigated sugarcane, Planaltina-DF (S15°36'1.58" W47°42'46.31"), 28 August 2019, C. C. Niva, W. de M. Araújo, N. Dur „es, A. E. C. B. Guedes, I. R. de Sousa, M. R. Coelho, D. de M. Rodrigues, colls. BRDF0341, 18 adults, in soil beside watercourse in Cerrad „o, Planaltina-DF (S15°36'23.77" W47°42'31.20"), 30 August 2019, C. C. Niva, W. de M. Araújo, N. Dur„es, A. E. C. B. Guedes, I. R. de Sousa, M. R. Coelho, D. de M. Rodrigues, colls. BRDF0353, 3 individuals, in agroforestry, Instituto Federal de Brasília, Planaltina-DF (S 15°39'36.9" W47°41'22.6"), 17 October 2019, C. C. Niva, W. de M. Araújo, N. Dur „es, A. E. C. B. Guedes, I. R. de Sousa, M. R. Coelho, D. de M. Rodrigues, colls. BRDF0355, 1 individual, in floodable area of a vereda, Instituto Federal de Brasília, PlanaltinaDF (S15°39'16.2" W47°41'18.1"), 17 October 2019, C. C. Niva, W. de M. Araújo, N. Dur „es, A. E. C. B. Guedes, D. de M. Rodrigues, colls. BRDF0358, 2 individuals, in gallery forest, Instituto Federal de Brasília, Planaltina-DF (S15°39'31.8" W 47°41'17.5"), 17 October 2019, C. C. Niva, W. de M. Araújo, N. Dur „es, A. E. C. B. Guedes, I. R. de Sousa, M. R. Coelho, D. de M. Rodrigues, colls. BRDF0374, 34 individuals, in abandoned pasture, Fazenda Água Limpa / UnB, Brasília-DF, (S15°56'40.87" W47°56'21.22"), 16 January 2020, C. C. Niva, N. Dur „es, A. E. C. B. Guedes, K. M. M. de Deus, C. Y. H. Ussuki, colls., Published as part of Ferreira, Talita, Niva, Cintia C., Dudas, Rafaela, Roani, Rodrigo, Durães, Natália, Marchão, Robélio Leandro, James, Samuel Wooster, Bartz, Marie L. C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm species in different land use systems in the state of Goiás and the Federal District of Brazil, pp. 283-303 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 288, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.24, http://zenodo.org/record/7744899

We examined external characters and internal anatomy, after dorsal dissection, of 11 species of Oligochaeta from the Peruvian Amazonia Loreto department. Four new species of families Glossoscolecidae and Rhinodrilidae and genera Righiodrilus and Martiodrilus are described here. Righiodrilus omagua, sp. nov., differs from other Righiodrilus by the presence of tubercula pubertatis in segments ½15, 15- ½18, 18; male pores located in intersegment 16/17; large seminal vesicles in segment 12 that extend until segment 24. Martiodrilus (Maipure) yurimaguensis, sp. nov., has a saddle-shaped clitellum in 14–1/4 25 and tubercula pubertatis between segments 1/318 –1/2 25. Martiodrilus (Maipure) tapiai, sp. nov., is differentiated from the others by the position of the tubercula pubertatis in 19–24, and the shape and size of spermathecae, common setae, ornamentation of genital setae and the location of male pores in intersegment 18/19. Martiodrilus (Martiodrilus) alegrei sp. nov., differs from other species of the genus by extension of tubercula pubertatis from 21 to 26, the number and shape of spermathecae. It is the only species of the genus that presents a single pair of spermathecae in segment 6. Additional records for the Peruvian Republic and the Amazonian region are also reported for Martiodrilus (Maipure) pano, Periscolex yuya, Pontoscolex (Pontoscolex) corethrurus, Rhinodrilus lavellei, Rhinodrilus pahanasii, Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) modiglianii and Ocnerodrilus occidentalis. With these new records, the earthworm fauna of Perú recorded so far increases to 36 species (21 native and 15 exotic), including eight native from Peruvian Amazonia Region. Many more species are still expected to be found.

Pontoscolex corethrurus (M̡ller) BRPR1716, BRPR1718, BRPR1719, BRPR1720, BRPR1724, BRPR1728, BRPR1729, BRPR1730, 64 individuals, in 0 to 20 cm soil depth in grass lawn in Universidade Positivo, Curitiba - PR (-25.445700 -49.361800, 949 m. a.s.l.), March 2018, R.M. Guaranha, M. Smokanit, J.L.M. Torres, M.L.C. Bartz colls. BRPR1734, BRPR1735, BRPR1736, BRPR1738, BRPR1740, BRPR1741, BRPR1742, BRPR1745, BRPR1747, 119 individuals, in 0 to 20 cm soil depth in native vegetation in Universidade Positivo, Curitiba - PR (-25.445116 -49.362804, 949 m. a.s.l.), March 2018, R.M. Guaranha, M. Smokanit, J.L.M. Torres, M.L.C. Bartz colls. BRPR1631, BRPR1632 and BRPR1634, 45 individuals, in 0 to 20 cm soil depth in grass lawn in Universidade Positivo, Curitiba – PR (-25.448590 -49.356999, 949 m. a.s.l. and -25.446100 -49.357364, 949 m. a.s.l.), February 2019, A.A. T. Tavares, B.L. de Lara, C. Ercole, E. da S. Carlos, M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas colls. BRPR1608, BRPR1611, BRPR1612, BRPR1615, BRPR1617, BRPR1619, BRPR1621, BRPR1622, 119 individuals, in 0 to 20 cm soil depth in native vegetation in Universidade Positivo, Curitiba – PR (-25.448679 -49.356659, 949 m. a.s.l. and -25.445686 -49.356679, 949 m. a.s.l.), February 2019, A.A. T. Tavares, B.L. de Lara, C. Ercole, E. da S. Carlos, M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas colls. BRPR1653, RPR1660, BRPR1664, BRPR1667, BRPR1711, BRPR1715, 49 individuals, in 0 to 20 cm soil depth in grass lawn in Universidade Positivo, Curitiba – PR (-25.448590 -49.356999, 949 m. a.s.l. and -25.446100 -49.357364, 949 m. a.s.l.), June 2019, A.A. T. Tavares, B.L. de Lara, C. Ercole, E. da S. Carlos, M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas colls. BRPR1638, BRPR1640, BRPR1642, BRPR1643, BRPR1646, BRPR1647, BRPR1649, BRPR1650, BRPR1651, BRPR1652, BRPR1703 and BRPR1706, 118 individuals in 0 to 20 soil depth in native vegetation in Universidade Positivo, Curitiba – PR (-25.448679 -49.356659, 949 m. a.s.l. and -25.445686 -49.356679, 949 m. a.s.l.), June 2019, A.A. T. Tavares, B.L. de Lara, C. Ercole, E. da S. Carlos, M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas colls. BRPR1568 to BRPR1574, BRPR1578, BRPR1581 and BRPR1684, 54 individuals, 0 to 20 cm soil depth in grass lawn in Casa Verde, Curitiba – PR (-25.456943 -49.373547, 926 m. a.s.l. and -25.456633 -49.373330, 926 m. a.s.l.), February 2019, A.A. T. Tavares, B.L. de Lara, C. Ercole, E. da S. Carlos, M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas colls. BRPR1564 and BRPR1672, 32 individuals, in 0 to 20 cm in soil depth in native vegetation in Casa Verde, Curitiba – PR (- 25.456502 -49.372752, 926 m. a.s.l. and -25.456945 -49.372417, 926 m. a.s.l.), February 2019, A.A. T. Tavares, B.L. de Lara, C. Ercole, E. da S. Carlos, M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas colls. BRPR1584, BRPR1585, BRPR1587, BRPR1589, BRPR1592, BRPR1593, BRPR1593, BRPR1596, BRPR1601, BRPR1605 and BRPR1687, 103 individuals, in 0 to 20 cm soil depth in grass lawn in Casa Verde, Curitiba – PR (-25.456943 -49.373547, 926 m. a.s.l. and -25.456633 -49.373330, 926 m. a.s.l.), June 2019, A.A. T. Tavares, B.L. de Lara, C. Ercole, E. da S. Carlos, M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas colls. BRPR1580, BRPR1582 and BRPR1676, 15 individuals, in 0 to 20 cm soil depth in native vegetation in Casa Verde, Curitiba – PR (-25.456502 -49.372752, 926 m. a.s.l. and -25.456945 -49.372417, 926 m. a.s.l.), June 2019, A.A. T. Tavares, B.L. de Lara, C. Ercole, E. da S. Carlos, M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas colls., Published as part of Dudas, Rafaela T., Tavares, Alan A. T., Ercole, Caique, De Lara, Brunna L., Carlos, Esthefany Da S., Torres, Julia L. M., Smokanit, Manoela, Guaranha, Raquel M. & Brown, George G., 2023, Urban green areas as earthworm species maintainers in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, pp. 336-346 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 340, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.27, http://zenodo.org/record/7744988

Urobenus brasiliensis (Benham) BRPR0952, 4 adults, surface soil under riparian forest in Cambé — PR (23°09’59.22”S; 51°14’16.67”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas,A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRRS0293, 4 individuals, surface soil under riparian forest in Sarandi —RS (27°55’25.71”S, 52°47’35.01”W) May 2019. M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas, J. Tomporowski, W.C. Demetrio colls., Published as part of Bartz, Marie L. C., Barreto, Julia, Santos, Alessandra, Dudas, Rafaela T., Ferreira, Talita, Maia, Lilianne Dos Santos, Demetrio, Wilian C., Smokanit, Manoela, Tavares, Alan A., Schuster, Phillip A., Hernani, Luis C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm richness in no-tillage farming systems and riparian forests in Southern and Southeastern Brazil, pp. 362-376 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.29, http://zenodo.org/record/7745023

Pontoscolex (Pontoscolex) uairemensis Righi, 1985a Distribution. Bolivar: Santa Elena de Uairem: Near stream (Righi, 1985a)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Ferreira, Carmen & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2023, An annotated checklist and distribution of earthworms from Venezuela (Megadrili: Crassiclitellata), pp. 183-211 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 200, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/7744707, {"references":["Righi, G. (1985 a) Dois novos Oligochaeta da Amazonia venezuelana. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, Sao Paulo, 36, 23 - 30."]}

Pontoscolex (Meroscolex) roraimensis Righi 1984a Distribution. Bolivar: Santa Elena de Uairem: Riparian river (Righi 1984a)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Ferreira, Carmen & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2023, An annotated checklist and distribution of earthworms from Venezuela (Megadrili: Crassiclitellata), pp. 183-211 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 200, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/7744707, {"references":["Righi, G. (1984 a) Oligochaeta Megadrili da regi \" o centro-oeste de Mato Grosso, Brasil. Boletim de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 8, 189 - 213. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2526 - 3358. bolzoo. 1984.122192"]}

Onychochaeta windlei (Beddard, 1890) Diachaeta windlei Beddard, 1890:171. Onychochaeta windlei Beddard, 1891:259,264; 1895:649; Michaelsen, 1897: 378; 1900:423; 1918: 229; 1924:6; 1935: 52; Cordero, 1944:4. Distribution. Carabobo: Puerto Cabello (Michaelsen 1897). Miranda: El Guayabo (Cordero 1944a). Trujillo: Boconó-Guaramacal road 2500 masl (Righi 1989). Mérida: Páramo Gavidia: 3200 masl, Páramo Mucubaji: 3700 masl (Righi 1993), Páramo Piedras Blancas, Páramo Gavidia: Bernabé Torres Property, Páramo Gavidia 3250 masl (Righi & Araujo 2000). Barinas: Ticoporo Forestal Reserve: Unidad II (Righi & Molina 1994). Miranda: La Cortada (Rodríguez farm) (this study)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Ferreira, Carmen & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2023, An annotated checklist and distribution of earthworms from Venezuela (Megadrili: Crassiclitellata), pp. 183-211 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 199, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/7744707, {"references":["Beddard, F. E. (1890) On the structure of a species of earthworm belonging to the genus Diachaeta. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 31, 159 - 174. https: // doi. org / 10.1242 / jcs. s 2 - 31.122.159","Beddard, F. E. (1891) The classification and distribution of earthworms. Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh, 10, 235 - 290.","Michaelsen, W. (1897) Die Terricolenfauna Ceylons. Jahrbuch der hamburgischen wissenschaftlichen Anstalten, 14 (2), 157 - 250.","Michaelsen, W. (1900) Oligochaeta. Das Tierreich, 10, 1 - 575. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11605","Michaelsen, W. (1918) Die Lumbriciden. Zoologische Jahrb ¸ cher, Abteilung f ¸ r Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 41, 1 - 398.","Michaelsen, W. (1924) Oligochaten von Niederlandisch-Indien. Treubia, 5, 379 - 401.","Michaelsen, W. (1935) Oligochaeta from Christmas Island, south of Java. Annals and magazine of natural history, 15, 100 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933508654945","Cordero, E. H. (1944 a) Oligoquetos sudamericanos de la familia Glossoscolecidae. IV- Sobre algunas especies de Venezuela. Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 1 (14), 1 - 6.","Righi, G. (1989) Adic \" o ao conhecimento dos Oligochaeta da Venezuela. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, Rio de Janeiro, 49, 1065 - 1084.","Righi, G. (1993) Venezuelan earthworms and considerations on the genus Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecida). Tropical Zoology (Special Issue), 1, 125 - 139.","Righi, G. & Araujo, Y. (2000) Three new species and a new record of Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecidae, from the Venezuelan Andes. Miscellania Zoologica, 23, 107 - 120.","Righi, G. & Molina, S. (1994) Terricolous Oligochaeta (Glossoscolecida) of the Venezuelan Llanos. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 101, 299 - 313. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 79909"]}

Rhinodrilus sp. nov. BRBA0009 (BRBADNA0330), 1 adult minhocuçu in aestivation (Figure 1A); at 60 cm depth in native forest at the Estaç „o Ecológica Pau Brasil, Porto Seguro, BA (S16.38596 W39.17433); 113 m a.s.l., 13-11-2014, M.L.C. Bartz and G.G. Brown, colls. BRBA0012, 1 adult minhocuçu; found dead on the side of the road after being run over by a motorcycle (Figure 1B); the specimen had likely wandered onto the road in the early morning after a rain-shower, from the native forest on the roadside at the RPPN Estaç„o Veracel, Porto Seguro, BA (S16.387653 W39.170093); 90 m a.s.l., 14-11-2014, G.G. Brown, coll. BRBA0013 (BRBADNA0345), 1 juvenile; topsoil (0– 20cm) of native forest at the RPPN Estaç „o Veracel, Porto Seguro, BA (S16.38724 W39.16957); 90 m a.s.l., 14-11- 2014, M.L.C. Bartz and G.G. Brown, colls.

Righiodrilus schubarti (Righi, Ayres & Bittencourt, 1978) Glossodrilus schubarti Righi, Ayres & Bittencourt, 1978: 22; Righi, 1982: 55 Distribution. Bolivar: Santa Helena de Uairem: near to the Borracho river (Righi 1982)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Ferreira, Carmen & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2023, An annotated checklist and distribution of earthworms from Venezuela (Megadrili: Crassiclitellata), pp. 183-211 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 194, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/7744707, {"references":["Righi, G., Ayres, I. & Bittencourt, E. C. R. (1978) Oligochaeta (Annelida) do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia. Acta Amazonica, 8, 1 - 49. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1809 - 439219780831 s 005","Righi, G. (1982) Adicies ao genero Glossodrilus (Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 1, 55 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81751982000100009"]}

Glossodrilus marabora Righi, 1984b Distribution. Capital District: Guaraira Repano National Park: 2100 masl (Righi 1984b)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Ferreira, Carmen & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2023, An annotated checklist and distribution of earthworms from Venezuela (Megadrili: Crassiclitellata), pp. 183-211 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 193, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/7744707, {"references":["Righi, G. (1984 b) Nova contribuic \" o ao conhecimento dos Oligochaeta da Venezuela. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, Sao Paulo, 35, 243 - 256."]}

Genus Pontoscolex Schmarda, 1861 Type species. Lumbricus corethrurus Müller, 1857 Diagnosis. Setae, 8 per segment, the arrangement may be regular, more or less irregular, or quincunx. Pigmentation is generally absent. Male pores in the clitellar region. Intra-clitellar tubercula pubertatis are exceptionally absent (e.g. P. Nulloscolex hugoi). Gizzard in VI. Three pairs of calciferous glands tubular-dichotomous (panicled) structure, rarely simple tubular (P. Mesoscolex juanae and P. Nulloscolex hugoi) in VII–IX. Lateral blood vessels in VII–IX and lateroesophageal hearts in X and XI. Holonephridial system. Metandric and metagynous; seminal vesicles usually long and band-like, pierce some septa. Spermathecae simple (after Righi 1984)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Pereira, Natália Jovita, Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier & Ferreira, Carmen, 2023, Additions to earthworms (Annelida, Crassiclitellata) from Aragua and Miranda states, Venezuela, pp. 171-182 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 176, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.18, http://zenodo.org/record/7744674, {"references":["Muller, F. (1857) Description of a new species of earthworm (Lumbricus corethrurus). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 20, 13 - 151. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935709487865"]}

Anteoides kino Righi & Molina, 1994 Distribution. Barinas: Ticoporo Forestal Reserve: Unidad II (Righi & Molina, 1994)., Published as part of Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Sousa, Sandriel Costa, Ferreira, Carmen & Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, 2023, An annotated checklist and distribution of earthworms from Venezuela (Megadrili: Crassiclitellata), pp. 183-211 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 199, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.19, http://zenodo.org/record/7744707, {"references":["Righi, G. & Molina, S. (1994) Terricolous Oligochaeta (Glossoscolecida) of the Venezuelan Llanos. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 101, 299 - 313. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 79909"]}