26 results on '"Gloria M. Luque"'
Search Results
2. Estimating illegal fishing from enforcement officers
- Author
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C. Josh Donlan, Chris Wilcox, Gloria M. Luque, and Stefan Gelcich
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract While illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing is a premier issue facing ocean sustainability, characterizing it is challenging due to its clandestine nature. Current approaches can be resource intensive and sometimes controversial. Using Chile as an example, we present a structured process leveraging existing capacity, fisheries officers, that provides a monitoring tool to produce transparent and stand-alone estimates on the level, structure, and characteristics of illegal fishing. We provide a national illegal fishing baseline for Chile, estimating illegal activity for 20 fisheries, representing ~ 70% of annual national landings. For four fisheries, we also estimate the relative importance of illegal activities across sectors, stakeholders, and infrastructure. While providing new information, our results also confirm previous evidence on the general patterns of illegality. Our approach provides an opportunity for government agencies to formalize their institutional knowledge, while accounting for potential biases and reducing fragmentation of knowledge that can prevent effective enforcement. Estimating illegal activity directly from fisheries enforcement officers is complementary to existing approaches, providing a cost-effective, rapid, and rigorous method to measure, monitor, and inform solutions to reduce IUU fishing.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Exploring pathways to participation in an at‐risk species conservation program
- Author
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Michael G. Sorice, C. Josh Donlan, Anna R. Santo, Gloria M. Luque, and Christian A. Hagen
- Subjects
decision making ,endangered species ,incentive program ,lesser prairie‐chicken ,prelisting conservation ,private landowners ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 ,General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution ,QH1-199.5 - Abstract
Abstract The success of conservation efforts for imperiled and endangered wildlife species relies on private landowners, yet a definitive model of landowner cooperation remains elusive. We use a case study to explore the multiple pathways by which demographics, rootedness, resource dependence, environmental attitudes, social influence, and program structure intersect to jointly explain participation in a federally funded cost‐share program to help prevent the Lesser Prairie‐Chicken from being listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. We conducted structured interviews across three ecoregions with 64 participants and 22 nonparticipants. We analyzed the data using fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis, an approach that identifies the multiple combinations of conditions related to engagement in the program. We found that two concepts, landowner characteristics and social influence, were most commonly associated with participation while profiles representing typical landowner tropes performed poorly. Finally, the positive effect of encouragement by agency representatives suggests that agency staff play a central role in determining participation. It also suggests landowners' decision processes may not be as deliberative as the literature on private lands conservation suggests. The results of our case study suggest new avenues for research that explicitly consider the role of heuristics in decisions to participate.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The genetic Allee effect: a unified framework for the genetics and demography of small populations
- Author
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Gloria M. Luque, Chloé Vayssade, Benoît Facon, Thomas Guillemaud, Franck Courchamp, and Xavier Fauvergue
- Subjects
Allee effect ,drift load ,eco‐evolutionary feedback ,extinction vortex ,inbreeding depression ,migration load ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
Abstract The Allee effect is a theoretical model predicting low growth rates and the possible extinction of small populations. Historically, studies of the Allee effect have focused on demography. As a result, underlying processes other than the direct effect of population density on fitness components are not generally taken into account. There has been heated debate about the potential of genetic processes to drive small populations to extinction, but recent studies have shown that such processes clearly impact small populations over short time scales, and some may generate Allee effects. However, as opposed to the ecological Allee effect, which is underpinned by cooperative interactions between individuals, genetically driven Allee effects require a change in genetic structure to link the decline in population size with a decrease in fitness components. We therefore define the genetic Allee effect as a two‐step process whereby a decrease in population size leads to a change in population genetic structure and, in turn, to a decrease in individual fitness. We describe potential underlying mechanisms and review the evidence for this original type of component Allee effect, using published examples from both plants and animals. The possibility of considering demogenetic feedback in light of genetic Allee effects clarifies the analysis and interpretation of demographic and genetic processes, and the interplay between them, in small populations.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Author Correction: Estimating illegal fishing from enforcement officers
- Author
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Stefan Gelcich, C. Josh Donlan, Gloria M. Luque, and Chris Wilcox
- Subjects
Finance ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Science ,Medicine ,Enforcement ,business ,Illegal fishing - Published
- 2021
6. Consequences of seafood mislabeling for marine populations and fisheries management
- Author
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Cassandra Cole, Andrew Steinkruger, Sunny L. Jardine, Katrina Chicojay Moore, Gloria M. Luque, Kailin Kroetz, Jessica A. Gephart, Patrick W.K. Lee, and C. Josh Donlan
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Aquatic Organisms ,food fraud ,seafood trade ,Natural resource economics ,Food fraud ,Fishing ,Commodity ,Population ,Fisheries ,Social Sciences ,010501 environmental sciences ,Sustainability Science ,01 natural sciences ,Food Supply ,Food Labeling ,species substitution ,education ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Consumption (economics) ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,Geography ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,United States ,seafood mislabeling ,Product (business) ,Seafood ,Sustainability ,Business ,Fisheries management - Abstract
Significance The consumption of an important food source, seafood, has increased over the past half century. It is now the most globally traded food commodity and its supply chains are often complex and opaque. Contemporaneous with the growth of overall production, evidence of seafood product mislabeling has become ubiquitous. We show that enabling conditions exist for mislabeling to generate negative impacts on marine populations and to support consumption of products from poorly managed fisheries. More holistic approaches that include consumer and industry engagement, well-designed and targeted testing, and regulatory traceability programs could reduce seafood mislabeling and improve transparency related to impacts of seafood product consumption., Over the past decade, seafood mislabeling has been increasingly documented, raising public concern over the identity, safety, and sustainability of seafood. Negative outcomes from seafood mislabeling are suspected to be substantial and pervasive as seafood is the world’s most highly traded food commodity. Here we provide empirical systems-level evidence that enabling conditions exist for seafood mislabeling in the United States (US) to lead to negative impacts on marine populations and support consumption of products from poorly managed fisheries. Using trade, production, and mislabeling data, we determine that substituted products are more likely to be imported than the product listed on the label. We also estimate that about 60% of US mislabeled apparent consumption associated with the established pairs involves products that are exclusively wild caught. We use these wild-caught pairs to explore population and management consequences of mislabeling. We find that, compared to the product on the label, substituted products come from fisheries with less healthy stocks and greater impacts of fishing on other species. Additionally, substituted products are from fisheries with less effective management and with management policies less likely to mitigate impacts of fishing on habitats and ecosystems compared with the label product. While we provide systematic evidence of environmental impacts from food fraud, our results also highlight the current challenges with production, trade, and mislabeling data, which increase the uncertainty surrounding seafood mislabeling consequences. More integrated, holistic, and collaborative approaches are needed to understand mislabeling impacts and design interventions to minimize mislabeling.
- Published
- 2020
7. Characteristics and motivations of participants and nonparticipants in an at-risk species conservation program
- Author
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Anna Santo, Christian A. Hagen, Gloria M. Luque, C. Josh Donlan, and Michael G. Sorice
- Subjects
010601 ecology ,0106 biological sciences ,Geography ,Habitat ,Endangered species ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Socioeconomics ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Species at risk ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
The majority of species at risk of being listed under the United States (U.S.) Endangered Species Act (ESA) relies on habitat located on privately owned land (Turner & Rylander, 1998). There are nu...
- Published
- 2020
8. Exploring pathways to participation in an at-risk species conservation program
- Author
-
Gloria M. Luque, Christian A. Hagen, Anna Santo, Michael G. Sorice, C. Josh Donlan, and Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
- Subjects
Ecology ,Qualitative comparative analysis ,business.industry ,Endangered species ,General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution ,endangered species ,QH1-199.5 ,incentive program ,decision making ,private landowners ,Geography ,Agriculture ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Incentive program ,prelisting conservation ,Socioeconomics ,business ,lesser prairie‐chicken ,QH540-549.5 ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
The success of conservation efforts for imperiled and endangered wildlife species relies on private landowners, yet a definitive model of landowner cooperation remains elusive. We use a case study to explore the multiple pathways by which demographics, rootedness, resource dependence, environmental attitudes, social influence, and program structure intersect to jointly explain participation in a federally funded cost-share program to help prevent the Lesser Prairie-Chicken from being listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. We conducted structured interviews across three ecoregions with 64 participants and 22 nonparticipants. We analyzed the data using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, an approach that identifies the multiple combinations of conditions related to engagement in the program. We found that two concepts, landowner characteristics and social influence, were most commonly associated with participation while profiles representing typical landowner tropes performed poorly. Finally, the positive effect of encouragement by agency representatives suggests that agency staff play a central role in determining participation. It also suggests landowners' decision processes may not be as deliberative as the literature on private lands conservation suggests. The results of our case study suggest new avenues for research that explicitly consider the role of heuristics in decisions to participate. Pheasants Forever, Grant/Award Number: 68-3A-14-120; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture McIntire-Stennis Program, Grant/Award Number: 1007271 Published version
- Published
- 2021
9. Exploring the causes of seafood fraud: A meta-analysis on mislabeling and price
- Author
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Gloria M. Luque and C. Josh Donlan
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Economics and Econometrics ,Public economics ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Supply chain ,Value product ,Market access ,Context (language use) ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Aquatic Science ,01 natural sciences ,Product (business) ,Incentive ,Order (exchange) ,040102 fisheries ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Business ,Tuna ,Law ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Seafood mislabeling is receiving increased attention by civil society, and programs and policies to address it are being implemented widely. Yet, evidence for the causes of mislabeling are largely limited to anecdotes and untested hypotheses. Mislabeling is commonly assumed to be motivated by the desire to label a lesser value product as a higher value one. Using price data from mislabeling studies, Δmislabel is estimated (i.e., the difference between the price of a labeled seafood product and its substitute when it was not mislabeled) and a meta-analysis is conducted to evaluate the evidence for an overall mislabeling for profit driver for seafood fraud. Evidence is lacking; rather, Δmislabel is highly variable. Country nor location in the supply chain do not account for the observed heterogeneity. The Δmislabel of substitute species, however, provides insights. Some species, such a sturgeon caviar, Atlantic Salmon, and Yellowfin Tuna have a positive Δmislabel, and may have the sufficient characteristics to motivate mislabeling for profit. Atlantic Bluefin Tuna and Patagonian Toothfish have a negative Δmislabel, which could represent an incentive to mislabel in order to facilitate market access for illegally-landed seafood. Most species have price differentials close to zero—suggesting other incentives may be influencing seafood mislabeling. Less than 10% of studies report price information; doing so more often could provide insights into the motivations for fraud. The causes of mislabeling appear to be diverse and context dependent, as opposed to being driven primarily by one incentive.
- Published
- 2019
10. Influence of the Number of Queens on Nest Establishment: Native and Invasive Ant Species
- Author
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Gloria M. Luque, Franck Courchamp, Irene Castañeda, Elsa Bonnaud, Université Paris-Saclay, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Linepithema humile ,education ,Zoology ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Tapinoma nigerrimum ,Nest ,establishment ,lcsh:Zoology ,queens ,lcsh:QL1-991 ,ant ,reproductive and urinary physiology ,lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,General Veterinary ,Ant colony ,biology.organism_classification ,ANT ,010602 entomology ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,workers ,behavior and behavior mechanisms ,Queen (butterfly) ,lcsh:SF600-1100 ,Animal Science and Zoology ,native ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,invasive - Abstract
As a critical stage in the life cycle of ant colonies, nest establishment depends on external and internal factors. This study investigates the effect of the number of queens on queen and worker behavior during nest establishment in invasive Argentine ants (Linepitema humile) and native Mediterranean Tapinoma nigerrimum. We set up experimental colonies with the same number of workers but with one or six queens. At different time points, we recorded the positions of queens and workers inside and outside the nest. Our results highlight the influence of the number of queens on the position of queens and workers with between-species differences. Queens of both species entered the nests more quickly when there were six queens. During nest establishment, more workers were inside nests with six queens for both species, with this effect being greater for T. nigerrimum. Once nests were established, fewer workers of both species were engaged in nest maintenance and feeding in nests with six queens, T. nigerrimum had fewer workers engaged in patrolling. These results suggest that the number of queens is a key factor driving queen and worker behavior during and after nest establishment with different species responses.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Estimating illegal fishing from enforcement officers
- Author
-
Gloria M. Luque, Stefan Gelcich, C. Josh Donlan, and Chris Wilcox
- Subjects
Marine biology ,0106 biological sciences ,Government ,Multidisciplinary ,Resource (biology) ,Conservation biology ,Process (engineering) ,Science ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Fishing ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Environmental impact ,Sustainability ,Medicine ,Environmental impact assessment ,Business ,Baseline (configuration management) ,Enforcement ,Author Correction ,Environmental planning - Abstract
While illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing is a premier issue facing ocean sustainability, characterizing it is challenging due to its clandestine nature. Current approaches can be resource intensive and sometimes controversial. Using Chile as an example, we present a structured process leveraging existing capacity, fisheries officers, that provides a monitoring tool to produce transparent and stand-alone estimates on the level, structure, and characteristics of illegal fishing. We provide a national illegal fishing baseline for Chile, estimating illegal activity for 20 fisheries, representing ~ 70% of annual national landings. For four fisheries, we also estimate the relative importance of illegal activities across sectors, stakeholders, and infrastructure. While providing new information, our results also confirm previous evidence on the general patterns of illegality. Our approach provides an opportunity for government agencies to formalize their institutional knowledge, while accounting for potential biases and reducing fragmentation of knowledge that can prevent effective enforcement. Estimating illegal activity directly from fisheries enforcement officers is complementary to existing approaches, providing a cost-effective, rapid, and rigorous method to measure, monitor, and inform solutions to reduce IUU fishing.
- Published
- 2020
12. Improving invasive ant eradication as a conservation tool: A review
- Author
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Benjamin D. Hoffmann, Gloria M. Luque, C. Josh Donlan, Céline Bellard, and Nick D. Holmes
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,biology ,Ecology ,macromolecular substances ,Pheidole megacephala ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Invasive species ,010602 entomology ,Biodiversity conservation ,Yellow crazy ant ,Northern australia ,Argentine ant ,Chemical control ,Environmental planning ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Solenopsis geminata - Abstract
While invasive species eradications are at the forefront of biodiversity conservation, ant eradication failures are common. We reviewed ant eradications worldwide to assess the practice and identify knowledge gaps and challenges. We documented 316 eradication campaigns targeting 11 species, with most occurring in Australia covering small areas (
- Published
- 2016
13. Research on Seafood Fraud Deserves Better
- Author
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George W. Koch, Stefan Gelcich, Gloria M. Luque, Bruce A. Hungate, Chris Wilcox, and C. Josh Donlan
- Subjects
Fishery ,03 medical and health sciences ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Ecology ,Salmon seafood ,Public economics ,030221 ophthalmology & optometry ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Business ,040401 food science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
Stawitz and colleagues (2016) present an analysis of seafood mislabeling and make inferences about its financial and ecological implications. We applaud the authors for tackling this important topic. As presented, however, we have reservations about the research which call into question the main conclusions. First, based on the data and results that are presented, there appear to be errors and some of the conclusions are not supported. Second, there may be a bias in the analyses that favors the conclusions. Third, details are lacking regarding the analyses, challenging their verification. We briefly describe some of the issues. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
- Published
- 2017
14. Review: Allee effects in social species
- Author
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Stephen D. Gregory, Gloria M. Luque, Elena Angulo, John W. Wenzel, Ludek Berec, Carmen Bessa-Gomes, and Franck Courchamp
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Insecta ,Applied ecology ,Population ,Metapopulation ,Biology ,Models, Biological ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Population density ,Social group ,03 medical and health sciences ,symbols.namesake ,Per capita ,Animals ,Social Behavior ,education ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Allee effect ,Mammals ,Population Density ,education.field_of_study ,Ecology ,Biological Evolution ,Eusociality ,030104 developmental biology ,symbols ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Genetic Fitness - Abstract
Allee effects have important implications for many aspects of basic and applied ecology. The benefits of aggregation of conspecific individuals are central to Allee effects, which have led to the widely held assumption that social species are more prone to Allee effects. Robust evidence for this assumption, however, remains rare. Furthermore, previous research on Allee effects has failed to adequately address the consequences of the different levels of organisation within social species' populations. Here, we review available evidence of Allee effects and model the role of demographic and behavioural factors that may combine to dampen or strengthen Allee effects in social species. We use examples across various species with contrasting social structure, including carnivores, bats, primates and eusocial insects. Building on this, we provide a conceptual framework that allows for the integration of different Allee effects in social species. Social species are characterised by nested levels of organisation. The benefits of cooperation, measured by mean individual fitness, can be observed at both the population and group levels, giving rise to "population level" and "group level" Allee effects respectively. We also speculate on the possibility of a third level, reporting per capita benefits for different individuals within a group (e.g. castes in social insects). We show that group size heterogeneity and intergroup interactions affect the strength of population-level demographic Allee effects. Populations with higher group size heterogeneity and in which individual social groups cooperate demonstrate the weakest Allee effects and may thus provide an explanation for why extinctions due to Allee effects are rare in social species. More adequately accounting for Allee effects in social species will improve our understanding of the ecological and evolutionary implications of cooperation in social species.
- Published
- 2018
15. Worldwide ant invasions under climate change
- Author
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Cleo Bertelsmeier, Gloria M. Luque, Benjamin D. Hoffmann, and Franck Courchamp
- Subjects
Extinction ,Ecology ,fungi ,Biodiversity ,food and beverages ,Climate change ,Introduced species ,Subtropics ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,Invasive species ,Biodiversity hotspot ,Geography ,Ecosystem ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
Many ants are among the most globally significant invasive species. They have caused the local decline and extinction of a variety of taxa ranging from plants to mammals. They disturb ecosystem processes, decrease agricultural production, damage infrastructure and can be a health hazard for humans. Overall, economic costs caused by invasive ants amount to several billion US $ annually. There is general consensus that the future distributions of invasive species are likely to expand with climate change, however this dogma remains poorly tested. Here we model suitable area globally for 15 of the worst invasive ant species, both currently and with predicted climate change (in 2080), globally, regionally and within the world’s 34 biodiversity hotspots. Surprisingly, the potential distribution of only five species was predicted to increase (up to 35.8 %) with climate change, with most declining by up to 63.3 %. The ant invasion hotspots are predominantly in tropical and subtropical regions of South America, Africa, Asia and Oceanic islands, and particularly correspond with biodiversity hotspots. Contrary to general expectations, climate change and invasive ant species will not systematically act synergistically. However, ant invasions will likely remain as a major global problem, especially where invasion hotspots coincide with biodiversity hotspots.
- Published
- 2014
16. Maximizing Return on Investment for Island Restoration and Species Conservation
- Author
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C. Josh Donlan, Chris Wilcox, and Gloria M. Luque
- Subjects
Strategic planning ,education.field_of_study ,Ecology ,Natural resource economics ,business.industry ,Population ,Environmental resource management ,Psychological intervention ,Order (exchange) ,Scale (social sciences) ,Economic cost ,Return on investment ,Resource allocation ,Business ,education ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
Conservation practitioners are increasingly embracing evidence-based and return on investment (ROI) approaches. Much evidence now exists that documents island biodiversity impacts by invasive mammals. The technical ability to eradicate invasive mammals from islands has increased exponentially; consequently, strategic planning focused on maximizing the ROI is now a limiting factor for island restoration. We use a regional ROI approach to prioritize eradications on islands for seabird conservation in British Columbia, Canada. We do so by integrating economic costs of interventions and applying a resource allocation approach. We estimate the optimal set of islands for eradication under two conservation objectives each with a series of increasing thresholds of population sizes and breeding locations. Our approach (1) identified the most cost-effective interventions, (2) determined whether or not those interventions were nested with increasing thresholds, and (3) helped justify larger investments when appropriate. More often than not, conservation decisions are made at a regional scale, and decision-makers often must make choices on how to allocate funds across a number of potential conservation actions. A regional, ROI framework can serve as a decision-support tool for organizations engaging in discrete interventions in order to maximize benefits for the minimum cost.
- Published
- 2014
17. The impact of climate change changes over time
- Author
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Gloria M. Luque, Cleo Bertelsmeier, and Franck Courchamp
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Current distribution ,business.industry ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Species distribution ,Distribution (economics) ,Climate change ,Global change ,Time horizon ,15. Life on land ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Habitat ,13. Climate action ,Environmental science ,Physical geography ,Scale (map) ,business ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
Species distribution models (SDMs) have become an important tool to predict the impact of climate change on the distribution of a given species. Generally, projections for a chosen time horizon in the future are compared with the size of the species’ current distribution. In this study, we show that selection of the target time horizon can qualitatively alter the prediction of a species’ future distribution. We illustrate this by assessing the potential distribution of 15 invasive ant species in 2020, 2050 and 2080 at a global scale. Our results indicate that for 6 out of the 15 species modelled, the trend of potential habitat size (i.e., decrease or increase) changed over time following climate change. In four species, the sign of the trend changed, from an initial expansion to a subsequent reduction or vice versa, depending on the date projected to. In some cases, these changes were great (e.g., from an initial increase of 36.5% in 2050 to a decrease of −64.3% in 2080). Our findings stress the importance of using several projection horizons to avoid misled species management decisions.
- Published
- 2013
18. The 100th of the world’s worst invasive alien species
- Author
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Gloria M. Luque, Cleo Bertelsmeier, Céline Bellard, Franck Courchamp, Piero Genovesi, Daniel Simberloff, Elsa Bonnaud, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and The University of Tennessee [Knoxville]
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Ecology ,biology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Biodiversity ,Introduced species ,15. Life on land ,Salvinia ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Invasive species ,13. Climate action ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,IUCN Red List ,14. Life underwater ,Alien species ,Environmental planning ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Global biodiversity ,Salvinia molesta - Abstract
International audience; Biological invasions are among the greatest threats to global biodiversity, but in contrast to most other global threats, they suffer from specific communication issues. Our paper presents the first new addition to the widely cited IUCN list of ''100 of the world's worst invasive species'', a list created a decade ago in response to these communication issues. We briefly present this list, the recent removal of one species from that list, and the rationale to include a novel, 100th species to replace it. The new species of this list, giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta), was chosen by the community of invasion biologists (over 650 experts from over 60 countries). This new addition to the list will draw public attention to the damage caused by invasive alien species and it will help stimulate the necessary discussion of this critical issue in science and policy circles.
- Published
- 2013
19. Increase in Quantity and Quality of Suitable Areas for Invasive Species as Climate Changes
- Author
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Gloria M. Luque, Franck Courchamp, and Cleo Bertelsmeier
- Subjects
Fire ant ,Ecology ,biology ,Range (biology) ,Global warming ,Climate change ,Monomorium destructor ,Myrmica rubra ,biology.organism_classification ,Environmental niche modelling ,Habitat ,biology.animal ,Environmental science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
Asclimaticallysuitablerangeprojectionsbecomeincreasinglyusedtoassessdistributionsofspecies, we recommend systematic assessments of the quality of habitat in addition to the classical binary classification of habitat. We devised a method to assess occurrence probability, captured by a climatic suitability index, through which we could determine variations in the quality of potential habitat. This relative risk assessment circumvents the use of an arbitrary suitability threshold. We illustrated our method with 2 case studies on invasive ant species. We estimated invasion potential of the destroyer ant (Monomorium destructor) and the European fire ant (Myrmica rubra) on a global scale currently and by 2080 with climate change. We found that 21.1% of the world's landmass currently has a suitable climate for the destroyer ant and 16% has a suitable climate for European fire ant. Our climatic suitability index showed that both ant species would benefit from climate change, but in different ways. The size of the potential distribution increased by 35.8% for the destroyer ant. Meanwhile, the total area of potential distribution remained the same for the European fire ant (>0.05%), but the level of climatic suitability within this range increased greatly and led to an improvement in habitat quality (i.e., of invasive species' establishment likelihood). Either through quantity or quality of suitable areas, both invasive ant species are likely to increase the extent of their invasion in the future, following global climate change. Our results show that species may increase their range if either more areas become suitable or if the available areas present improved suitability. Studies in which an arbitrary suitability threshold was used may overlook changes in area quality within climatically suitable areas and as a result reach incorrect predictions.
- Published
- 2013
20. Impacts of invasive ants
- Author
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Gloria M. Luque
- Published
- 2016
21. Effect of experimental small-scale spatial heterogeneity on resource use of a Mediterranean ground-ant community
- Author
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Joaquín Reyes López and Gloria M. Luque
- Subjects
Ecological niche ,Ecology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Foraging ,Interspecific competition ,Biology ,Competition (biology) ,Structural complexity ,Spatial heterogeneity ,Habitat ,Guild ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,media_common - Abstract
Small-scale habitat complexity has been shown to influence interspecific competition and resource use in ant communities. Nevertheless, in Mediterranean communities, where temperature variations have a stronger effect on the foraging of subordinate species than competition by dominants, the effect of small-scale habitat complexity on resource use by ants is unknown. We investigated the influence of an experimental spatial mosaic of microhabitats (interior, edge and open) on the dynamics of resource use in a guild of ants of a Mediterranean grassland. We used baits containing one of three food resource types (honey, tuna and seeds) placed in the different microhabitats. Variation in resource use among microhabitats appears to result from differential responses among ant species to small-scale spatial heterogeneity. Analysis of frequency of occurrence, number of foragers and monopoly at baits of ant species indicated that the resource use and recruitment intensity was modified by microhabitat, once the effect of temperature was removed from the analysis. Thus, foraging activity and competitive interactions of ant species were influenced by the different microhabitats apart from temperature, which suggests an effect of small-scale structural complexity. Small-scale spatial variations in structural complexity have an effect in resource use by most ants in this system that is not wholly explained by differences in temperature. Finally, this suggests that microhabitat may be one factor influencing the outcome of the dominance hierarchies.
- Published
- 2007
22. Allee effects in ants
- Author
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Franck Courchamp, Gloria M. Luque, Tatiana Giraud, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Population ,Population Dynamics ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Intraspecific competition ,symbols.namesake ,Argentine ant ,Animals ,Cooperative Behavior ,Mortality ,education ,Social Behavior ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Allee effect ,education.field_of_study ,Community ,Behavior, Animal ,Ecology ,Ants ,Reproduction ,[SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE] ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,Eusociality ,Brood ,010602 entomology ,symbols ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Linepithema ,Female ,Introduced Species - Abstract
Summary 1. Allee effects occur when the aggregation of individuals result in mutually beneficial intraspecific interactions whereby individual fitness, or per capita growth rate, increases with the number of individuals. Allee effects are common in social species due to their cooperative behaviours, such as breeding, feeding or defence. Allee effects have important implications for many aspects of basic and applied ecology. Over the past decades, the study of Allee effects has influenced population dynamics, community ecology, endangered species management and invasion biology. 2. Despite the fact that cooperation is the basis of their social structure, Allee effects have received little attention among eusocial insects. Extreme cooperation is common, and reproductive specialization of individuals occurs due to division of labour. These life-history traits suggest that the potential contribution of each caste to reproduction and survival may be differential and nonadditive. 3. We studied Allee effects in the invasive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile). In this species, many queens and workers are present in colonies, which allowed us to explore the differential effects of castes on the presence of Allee effects. In the laboratory, we measured brood production and individual survival in experimental colonies that differed in the initial numbers of queens and workers. 4. Our results highlight the differential effect of queens and workers on survival and productivity. We found three positive density-dependent relationships indicative of component Allee effects at the colony level: both workers and queens had a positive effect on the productivity of the other caste, and queens had a positive effect on worker survivorship. 5. Our experimental results suggest a potential positive feedback between worker and queen abundance, which may have contributed to the evolution of large colony sizes. Our study provides the first evidence of Allee effects in eusocial insects and highlights the need to consider castes separately in population dynamics. Division of labour and differential reproductive rates are factors that should be integrated into the study of Allee effects.
- Published
- 2013
23. Increase in quantity and quality of suitable areas for invasive species as climate changes
- Author
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Cleo, Bertelsmeier, Gloria M, Luque, and Franck, Courchamp
- Subjects
Homing Behavior ,Geography ,Ants ,Climate Change ,Population Dynamics ,Animals ,Computer Simulation ,Models, Theoretical ,Introduced Species ,Algorithms ,Ecosystem - Abstract
As climatically suitable range projections become increasingly used to assess distributions of species, we recommend systematic assessments of the quality of habitat in addition to the classical binary classification of habitat. We devised a method to assess occurrence probability, captured by a climatic suitability index, through which we could determine variations in the quality of potential habitat. This relative risk assessment circumvents the use of an arbitrary suitability threshold. We illustrated our method with 2 case studies on invasive ant species. We estimated invasion potential of the destroyer ant (Monomorium destructor) and the European fire ant (Myrmica rubra) on a global scale currently and by 2080 with climate change. We found that 21.1% of the world's landmass currently has a suitable climate for the destroyer ant and 16% has a suitable climate for European fire ant. Our climatic suitability index showed that both ant species would benefit from climate change, but in different ways. The size of the potential distribution increased by 35.8% for the destroyer ant. Meanwhile, the total area of potential distribution remained the same for the European fire ant (0.05%), but the level of climatic suitability within this range increased greatly and led to an improvement in habitat quality (i.e., of invasive species' establishment likelihood). Either through quantity or quality of suitable areas, both invasive ant species are likely to increase the extent of their invasion in the future, following global climate change. Our results show that species may increase their range if either more areas become suitable or if the available areas present improved suitability. Studies in which an arbitrary suitability threshold was used may overlook changes in area quality within climatically suitable areas and as a result reach incorrect predictions. Incremento de la Cantidad y Calidad de Áreas Idóneas para Especies Invasoras a Medida que Cambia el Clima.
- Published
- 2012
24. Overcoming extinction: understanding processes of recovery of the Tibetan antelope
- Author
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Franck Courchamp, Gloria M. Luque, Céline Bellard, and Camille Leclerc
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,Extinction ,Ecology ,biology ,Population size ,Population ,biology.organism_classification ,Poacher ,symbols.namesake ,Overexploitation ,Geography ,Pantholops hodgsonii ,symbols ,education ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Extinction vortex ,Allee effect - Abstract
Since the middle of the 20th century, the Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii) has been poached for its wool to make luxury shawls, shahtoosh. This direct overexploitation caused a drastic decline in their population, with a loss of more than 90% compared to the baseline population a few decades ago. Assuming this is an anthropogenic Allee effect (AAE), human attraction for rarity can drive rare species to extinction, which could explain the increasing rates of antelope harvests, paralleling the escalating prices of shahtoosh as the species got rarer. Since 1999, international concern led to conservation actions and the population soon started increasing. This unique situation allowed the presence of an AAE in Tibetan antelope to be tested, as well as an assessment of the potential effects of conservation actions in the presence of this process. We developed a theoretical discrete-time population dynamics model and examined effects of variation in shahtoosh prices. Furthermore, we tested the effects of major conservation actions into our models assessing their relative contribution to population recovery. During the exploitation phase, we found some evidence supporting the presence of an AAE compared to non-AAE models when hunting ceased at antelope population sizes below 10% of the initial population size. Regarding the conservation phase, our results suggested that poacher numbers reduction had the most likely positive impact on Tibetan antelope population dynamics. As many other species are similarly declining and/or close to extinction, our results suggest that adequate conservation actions could counter the most dramatic declines, even when populations have entered an extinction vortex.
- Published
- 2015
25. Global warming may freeze the invasion of big-headed ants
- Author
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Gloria M. Luque, Franck Courchamp, and Cleo Bertelsmeier
- Subjects
biology ,Ecology ,Animal ecology ,Global warming ,Biodiversity ,Climate change ,Global change ,Introduced species ,Pheidole megacephala ,biology.organism_classification ,Megacephala ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Climate change and invasive species are two of the most serious threats of biodiversity. A general concern is that these threats interact, and that a globally warming climate could favour invasive species. In this study we investigate the invasive potential of one of the “100 of the world’s worst invasive species”, the big-headed ant Pheidole megacephala. Using ecological niche models, we estimated the species’ potential suitable habitat in 2020, 2050 and 2080. With an ensemble forecast obtained from five different modelling techniques, 3 Global Circulation Models and 2 CO2 emission scenarios, we generated world maps with suitable climatic conditions and assessed changes, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Almost one-fifth (18.5 %) of the landmass currently presents suitable climatic conditions for P. megacephala. Surprisingly, our results also indicate that the invasion of big-headed ants is not only unlikely to benefit from climate change, but may even suffer from it. Our projections show a global decrease in the invasive potential of big-headed ants as early as 2020 and becoming even stronger by 2080 reaching a global loss of 19.4 % of area with favourable climate. The decrease is observable in all 6 broad regions, being greatest in the Oceania and lowest in Europe.
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. The twenty most charismatic species.
- Author
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Céline Albert, Gloria M Luque, and Franck Courchamp
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Charisma is a term commonly used in conservation biology to describe species. However, as the term "charismatic species" has never been properly defined, it needs to be better characterized to fully meet its potential in conservation biology. To provide a more complete depiction, we collected information from four different sources to define the species currently considered to be the most charismatic and to understand what they represent to the Western public. First, we asked respondents of two separate surveys to identify the 10 animal species that they considered to be the most charismatic and associate them with one to six traits: Rare, Endangered, Beautiful, Cute, Impressive, and Dangerous. We then identified the wild animals featured on the website homepages of the zoos situated in the world's 100 largest cities as well as on the film posters of all Disney and Pixar films, assuming in both cases that the most charismatic species were generally chosen to attract viewers. By combining the four approaches, we set up a ranked list of the 20 most charismatic animals. The majority are large exotic, terrestrial mammals. These species were deemed charismatic, mainly because they were regarded as beautiful, impressive, or endangered, although no particular trait was discriminated, and species were heterogeneously associated with most of the traits. The main social characteristics of respondents did not have a significant effect on their choices. These results provide a concrete list of the most charismatic species and offer insights into the Western public's perception of charismatic species, both of which could be helpful to target new species for conservation campaigns.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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