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Franko’s poetic cycle “Mourning Songs” became the third in his collection “From the Heights and Lowlands” (1893), however, this cycle was not included in the first edition of the collection in 1887. Nine lyrical poems of the cycle “Mourning Songs” mainly belong to the genre of reflective-meditative lyrics, in which the author (lyrical subject) reflects on social structure, ontological and existential problems. The articulation of the mental state of the lyrical hero, his inner suffering, loneliness, social vacuum, feeling of being unwanted in the world are important motives here. Franko purposely doesn’t arrange poems in chronological order but instead develops the inner plotline of the cycle with the following motives: guilt for the mournful mood of his muse, inner rebellion against social evil, apocalyptic vision of destroying the old world order, declaration of his solidarity with the humiliated, obsession with the idea of service, emotional despair, resignation and passive reconciliation with one’s own misfortune, statement of one’s social credo, the experience of loneliness and marginality, optimistic vision of the earthly paradise against the background of prison-like gloom. As a result, eschatological motives appear: the domination of evil on earth inevitably will lead to its destruction for the sake of a new life and restoration of just law and order. In mood and stylistically, Franko’s jail poetry corresponds to the prison lyrics by Taras Shevchenko. Each of the nine poems in the cycle has been considered in terms of poetics, genre, imagery, literary means, versification, as well as intertextual parallels at the level of reminiscences and allusions. The researcher paid attention to the character of the lyrical hero, the internal plot of the cycle, chronotopic organization, leitmotifs, folklore structures. The philosophical meditations of the cycle “Mourning Songs”, perceived in the context of Franko’s biography, reflect the parallelism of the lyrical hero’s existence and the author’s psychobiography of the period marked by the first two arrests.

Seamus Heaney is considered one of the greatest poets of the postmodern era, his name and fame travelled across the Irish borders by winning the 1995 Nobel Prize in literature. Seamus Heaney was born in Ireland; he was the only child in his family to attend the school, His family members were traditional potato farmers. Seamus Heaney broke his family tradition of farming by choosing to become a writer. While growing up to become a first graduate among his family Seamus Heaney’s mind was captured by this sense of gloom that he was unable to follow his family tradition of farming. Seamus Heaney promises himself that he will pay rich tribute and let the world know about the hardships of Irish farming life. Seamus Heaney’s main concern for writing poetry was to keep alive Irish culture and its heritage alive. Since Ireland was under the colonial rule of England and Seamus Heaney was of the view that colonization is not only a political problem, but it destroys the country's culture and identity. This was the main reason that Heaney’s poetry revolves around Irishness, its people and culture. There is an enormous reflection of Irish identity and culture in his poetry. This paper will focus on elements of Irishness in Seamus Heaney’s poem ‘Digging’.

The COVID-19 pandemic has spread its terror globally for over a year now. There is no continent that has been spared by this scourge. And perhaps a few small countries with no reported cases. Regardless, it is an irrefutable fact that this novel coronavirus pandemic has shaken the pillars of human civilization. For those unaware or living under a rock since the past year or so, the disease is caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. The first cases were reported to the World Health Organisation as a cluster of pneumonia from unknown causes from Wuhan, China on the 31st December, 2019. And, thus began its reign of terror, spreading across the world, like hot cakes sold out in a carnival. That being said, humanity has suffered a lot at the hands of the pandemic. Innumerous deaths, sufferings, unending lockdowns and curfews, social problems, people losing their livelihoods and the list goes on. It is, thus, easy to give in to the mood of gloom and doom with all that is going on around us. However, just as with anything, there is a side too, that is scarcely talked about. There have also been some positive impacts of this pandemic that one couldn’t have foreseen beforehand. So, without further ado, below we have covered a few positive side effects of this curse of a pandemic!

How will higher education be different postpandemic? How might colleges and universities build on the lessons of COVID-19 to evolve their institutions? We do not yet know the answers to these questions. Likely, the changes to higher education after widespread vaccination and a "return to normal" will vary greatly from college to college. Just as there was no "one way" to run a university pre-COVID-19, there exists no single template or model to guide the post-COVID-19 university. What we do know is that now is the time to start figuring out what comes next. If colleges and universities fail to plan for life after COVID-19, then they will most likely slide back to the pre-COVID-19 status quo. The postpandemic higher education story, however, is not all doom and gloom. COVID-19 may have revealed and exacerbated the economic challenges and structural inequalities that characterize U.S. postsecondary education, but the pandemic has also created space for new ways of thinking and acting.

This article recounts a study of media predictions on the future of cities, post-pandemic. From a theoretical perspective, we consider discourse and storytelling (written, oral, or visual) as crucial public policy and planning tools. The study is based on a qualitative analysis of more than 110 media articles from more than 60 sources, which appeared online and/or in print between March and May 2020. We find that the media has played the role of both Kassandra and Pollyanna. Some prophecies have spelled doom and gloom whereas others have envisioned a brighter urban future. The value of the study is in establishing a baseline of “urban prophecies” formulated by the media. These can be revisited in the future to find out whether they were realistic.

¿Puede un material como el hormigón llegar a cualificar un espacio hasta el punto de acercarnos a lo trascendental?El hormigón es un material con infinidad de posibilidades. Su forma, color, textura…dependen de lo que está en nuestra imaginación. Se trata de un material versátil, capaz de adoptar cualquier forma y acabado según el molde que empleemos. Tras el Concilio Vaticano II el hormigón consiguió adquirir gran relevancia en la arquitectura sacra. Ha sido empleado en grandes y pequeñas construcciones consiguiendo emocionar con ejemplos de buena arquitectura. Este material es capaz de desvelar ciertos aspectos de la luz, la sombra y la penumbra, llegando a conmovernos y a conectar quizás con lo divino.AbstractCan a material such as concrete be able to qualify a space and bring us closer to the divine?Concrete is a material with endless possibilities. Its shape, colour, texture…only depend on what´s in our imagination. It´s a versatile material, which is able to adopt any shape depending on the mould that we use. After the Vatican Council II concrete achieved a great relevance in sacred architecture. It has been used in great and small constructions moving us with examples of good architecture.This material is able to show some aspects of the light, shadow and gloom connecting us with God.

Al-manhaj al-adabi that is used by Khalafullah implies that the stories in the Qur'an not only is purely historical data, but it is also a narrative that could be included in literature that is loaded with the message contained in it. This literary method, according to him, is very appropriate to be used as a knife of analysis in uncovering the stories of the Qur'an. He said that the mistakes of the commentators so far lie in the methods that they use. They have involuntarily forgotten knowing the sociological and religious aspects of the message in the stories of the Qur’an. In his research, he emphasizes the psychological aspect, according to him, a story has a psychological impact due to it can explain the meaning of universal gloom and touch in the soul of his audience. In the story of Ashab al-Kahf Khalafullah proves that the stories in the Qur’an are not merely historical data. Because this story historical elements such as characters, places and times tend to be eliminated. The Qur'an does not clearly state the number of young Ashab al-Kahf and the time they lived in the cave. The narrative of the story of Ashab al-Kahf which is meant to prove Muhammad's apostolate and as an answer to some of the questions of the polytheists of Mecca to Muhammad when testing the truth of his apostleship and teachings. Such narrative has a psychological impact on the listeners so that it can reveal the messages stored in it.

Wandering along the desolate North Bank of the River Thames during lockdown on a February evening, London’s wintry gloom was suddenly punctuated by a vibrant, multicolored display of illumination t...

The oceans face a range of complex challenges for which the impacts on society are highly uncertain but mostly negative. Tackling these challenges is testing society’s capacity to mobilise transformative action, engendering a sense of powerlessness. Envisaging positive but realistic visions of the future, and considering how current knowledge, resources, and technology could be used to achieve these futures, may lead to greater action to achieve sustainable transformations. Future Seas (www.FutureSeas2030.org) brought together researchers across career stages, Indigenous Peoples and environmental managers to develop scenarios for 12 challenges facing the oceans, leveraging interdisciplinary knowledge to improve society’s capacity to purposefully shape the direction of marine social-ecological systems over the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030). We describe and reflect on Future Seas, providing guidance for co-developing scenarios in interdisciplinary teams tasked with exploring ocean futures. We detail the narrative development for two futures: our current trajectory based on published evidence, and a more sustainable future, consistent with the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals, which is technically achievable using existing and emerging knowledge. Presentation of Business-as-usual and More Sustainable futures—together—allows communication of both trajectories, whilst also highlighting achievable, sustainable versions of the future. The advantages of the interdisciplinary approach taken include: (1) integrating different perspectives on solutions, (2) capacity to explore interactions between Life Under Water (Goal 14) and other SDGs, and (3) cross-disciplinary learning. This approach allowed participants to conceptualise shared visions of the future and co-design transformative pathways to achieving those futures. Supplementary Information (SI) The online version contains supplementary material available at (10.1007/s11160-020-09629-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Background: This study examines the global media framing of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to understand the dominant frames and how choice of words compares in the media. Periods of health crisis such as the outbreak of coronavirus pandemic add to the enormous burden of the media in keeping people constantly informed. Extant literature suggests that when a message is released through the media, what matters most is not what is said but how it is said. As such, the media could either mitigate or accentuate the crisis depending on the major frames adopted for the coverage.Methods: The study utilises content analysis. Data were sourced from LexisNexis database and two websites that yielded 6145 items used for the analysis. Nine predetermined frames were used for the coding.Results: Human Interest and fear/scaremongering frames dominated the global media coverage of the pandemic. We align our finding with the constructionist frame perspective which assumes that the media as information processor creates ‘interpretative packages’ in order to both reflect and add to the ‘issue culture’ because frames that paradigmatically dominate event coverage also dominate audience response. The language of the coverage of COVID-19 combines gloom, hope, precaution and frustration at varied proportions.Conclusion: We conclude that global media coverage of COVID-19 was high, but the framing lacks coherence and sufficient self-efficacy and this can be associated with media’s obsession for breaking news. The preponderance of these frames not only shapes public perception and attitudes towards the pandemic but also risks causing more problems for those with existing health conditions due to fear or panic attack.

The main objective of this paper was to analyze gender representation in Mexican elementary education materials from 1960 to the present, particularly on the topic of human evolution, as this is a fundamental subject for the understanding of our ancestry as a species, and for its relationship with questions about human nature. Using gender as a category and an approach that included both qualitative and quantitative methods, a comparison of three generations of textbooks for elementary school and “monographs” was carried out. The results show a deeply entrenched and systemic problems of gender representation in Mexican pedagogical tools past and present.

This article scrutinizes the representation of gender and war experiences in seventeenth-century mongyurok (records of a dreamer’s journey), addressing in particular their contribution to a widening of the Korean literary landscape and writing practice of the time. These tales liberated the suppressed voices of war victims, weaving their individual pain and loss into a broader discourse on war, rife with trenchant criticism of those responsible. The article investigates how the dream journey records succeed in drawing such powerful public messages from personal experiences and thus evolve into a strongly critical narrative and a collective releasing of han (grudge). Focusing on female revenants and their mode of storytelling in the Kangdo mongyurok (Record of a Dreamer’s Journey to Kangdo), the article demonstrates how narrative elements, particularly the evocation of sound and the interplay of different ontological realms, foster both social criticism and individual han-releasing. The theatricality of ghostly sounds and performances in the narrative transforms a dismal (post)war reality into an auditorium for voices offering change and healing to both the dead and the living. This powerful storytelling invigorated mimetic interest and provided viable supernatural metanarratives, driving literary evolution forward.

This essay argues that one of the factors holding back civilization-wide transitions to renewable energy is the widespread tendency to render petroleum and other hydrocarbons abject and abstract. Fossil fuel industry representations do this by hiding the true costs of petroculture behind the virtualization Energy; environmentalist framings do it by relying too much on petroaesthetics of doom (i.e., apocalyptic imagery) and gloom (i.e., Gothic visualizations of oil spills and rusting extractive infrastructure). The scarcity of representations of hydrocarbons that acknowledge both their life-giving and life-destroying properties, their powerful nonhuman agency in mediating practically every human and nonhuman relationship in the modern world, makes it hard to imagine alternatives to petroculture. Recently, artists have begun subverting petroaesthetic conventions in ways that counter the abstraction and abjection of hydrocarbons, including by using crude oil as an artistic medium in its own right. The oddly playful bitumen sands photographs of Louis Helbig, the bitumen-based “petrographs” of Warren Cariou, and the weird, enthralling “oilscapes” of Kathleen Thum are interpreted as meaningful challenges to the petroaesthetic status quo—provocations that matter in every sense of the word. Beyond merely promoting energy transitions, these images perform transitions as they empower viewers to see hydrocarbons as media with which all living things are deeply entangled.

In parallel with the increase in internet usage, people from different parts of the world can easily convey their thoughts and feelings on social issues through social media. Millions of messages are written and read every day on various topics on a global scale through Twitter, which has an important place in these social media. While it is important to understand consumer behaviors in order to increase the competitiveness of firms, big data sources such as Twitter have multi-faceted the methods of analyzing behaviors. At the same time, developed countries allocate significant resources to data mining projects in order to have power. The use of Twitter and data mining as an alternative data source to identify trends in furniture choice has been proposed. The popular tweets with furniture using the Rapidminer and natural language processing software were gathered for ten months between May 2018 and February 2019, and natural language processing software enabled us to determine the mood of the tweets (positive and negative). Morphological analysis of the keywords in positive and negative tweets was then performed. Finally, meaningful information was obtained by utilizing the decision tree and association algorithms used in data mining. According to the decision tree algorithm, the most dominant words in the formation of positive or negative emotions were the challenge, campaign, discover and idea. As a result of the syntax of association, the most positive emotions were made with the order of words that awaken the emotions, and the opportunity was found as wood. In the same algorithm, the words that awaken the most negative emotions were listed as gloom, seedy, uncomfortable and fabric.

Under the circumstances of the current COVID-19 pandemic, videoconferencing applications (apps) have come into the mainstream across the world. Owing to their easy availability and cost-effectiveness, they are used in personal as well as professional lives to communicate. They have been very helpful for students and professionals to ensure that their routine work did not halt when various countries imposed lockdown rules restricting travel, social gatherings and other measures that resulted in reduced in-person meetings. However, they have their own set of disadvantages, aptly called 'Zoom gloom/fatigue', named after a popular videoconferencing platform. Users are also noted to have anxiety while using these apps. Therefore, immediate attention is warranted to ensure cautious usage and to reduce the distress associated with videoconferencing apps while maintaining the obvious advantages that these methods have rapidly spread all over the world. Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Royal College of Psychiatrists.

COVID-19 has caused large-scale disruption across the globe, and no field of human activity has remained unaffected due to this pandemic. It has affected us socio-culturally, economically, politically, psychologically, educationally, and in the arena of trade and business in a big way. Today’s global business scenario is worse than the economic downturn at any point in time in human history. COVID-19 has caused an unimaginably huge health crisis, and governments worldwide are finding it hard to come to terms with the havoc caused by it and the toll on human lives that it has already taken. None has any answer except remaining lamely expectant vis-a-vis the much-awaited vaccine for this devastating virus which has caused havoc globally. Lockdowns that were imposed on the world initially have been left too far behind. However, the elusively unpredictable and disturbing nature of the virus has still been causing serious concern to most countries. Amidst such gloom and despair, entrepreneurs’ role becomes extremely crucial as something innate in the entrepreneurial spirit tends to fight against adversity and tide over seemingly insurmountable challenges. Bessant and Tidd (2007) aptly describe the entrepreneur’s ability to meaningfully contribute to society as they signify dynamism and vibrancy of sorts in static economic environs via generating and circulating newer ideas due to their ability to think afresh. The indispensability of entrepreneurs in transition economies has been underscored by the likes of McMillan and Woodruff (2002). Entrepreneurs being innovative intrinsically has been highlighted by Baumol, Strom, and Sheshinski (2007) alongside describing their role in being agents of industrial change. Small businesses have been at the receiving end of the COVID-19 pandemic. That is where the entrepreneurs’ role becomes all the more critical in introducing collaborative activities and opening numerous possibilities for engaging with customers and the owners of small businesses. Lifestyle entrepreneurs also play an important role in such trying circumstances as they can turn their passion into business ventures, thereby creating opportunities for themselves to contribute multifariously (Chhabra, 2018b). Moreover, technological advancement and adaptation in businesses go a long way towards helping small-scale businesses. Software like Big Data and cloud computing too are conducive and help business houses operationally and strategically. In view of the enormous contribution that entrepreneurs can make in times of crisis (Chhabra, 2018a), this chapter seeks to repurpose, redefine, and reassess the role of entrepreneurs in the context of the havoc caused by COVID-19 so that the health and well-being of humanity can become a reality sooner rather than later. The need of the hour is that entrepreneurs from diverse socio-cultural locales come together to collaborate and meet challenges thrown by the COVID-19 pandemic with technological advancement and via using Big Data and analytics to make informed and contextually relevant decisions. Since the entrepreneurial ecosystem has undergone a drastic shift in the crisis of the present, focused entrepreneurial forays into various areas of life need to be made, since we believe that only the entrepreneurs can tide over devastating distress and despair caused by the pandemic at the present times.

This article challenges the widely held assumption that Thomas Robert Malthus was a lonely pessimist in the late eighteenth century. Interpreting the sources that Malthus had used to write his Essay on the Principle of Population as predictions of the future, the article argues that Malthus inherited a sense of looming doom from his predecessors. In the second half of the eighteenth century, David Hume, Adam Smith, Richard Price, and Thomas Paine predicted Britain's ruin through national bankruptcy. Although Malthus, too, expressed anxiety about excessive growth, he changed the parameters by worrying about overpopulation, rather than overspending. By considering Malthus in the context in which he originally formulated his famous principle of population, this article sheds new light on what he was doing when he first published his Essay in 1798. Publisher PDF

The accurate assessment of operator fatigue has bedeviled ergonomics since before the field was formally constituted. From the archives of the British Industrial Fatigue Research Board in the pre-World-War I era, to Muscio’s (1921) famous inquiry “is a fatigue test possible?’ [1], the question of assessment has been a perpetual challenge. The lack of accurate assessment is allied to a ready recognition that fatigue plays a critical role in many large-scale disasters as well as errors and incidents of less social prominence, but which are nevertheless equally problematic. In recent decades, in our 24-7-365 world, the issue of operator fatigue continues to impact multiple millions of workers around the world; a propensity that the COVID-19 pandemic has only exacerbated. Yet all is not doom and gloom. Most especially in the 21st century, a number of promising methods and techniques have been offered to provide reliable, quantitative values which specify fatigue levels. Very much like the allied concern for workload assessment [2], the three primary methods of assessment concern primary task performance, physiological assessment approaches, and subjective evaluations. The present work is focused on the latter mode, being arguably the most useful for the prospective projection of future fatigue levels. In short, the issue of fatigue is a large and growing one, its assessment is a crucial ergonomic concern, synthesized subjective assessment techniques promise to provide a vital answer.

Previous research has shown that risk preferences are sensitive to the financial domain in which they are framed. In the present study we explore whether the effect of valence priming on risk taking is moderated by the financial context under consideration. A total of 260 participants completed an online questionnaire where risky choices were elicited for seven different financial scenarios. Participants were allocated to different valence (neutral, positive or negative) and arousal (low or high) priming conditions. Two factors were extracted: Factor 1 (Negative) included insurance and possibility of loss, whilst Factor 2 (Positive) included the remaining five scenarios (investment, salary, pension, possibility of gain, and mortgage). Moreover, only negative priming—regardless of arousal level—influenced people’s risky choices by inducing more risk-averse behavior; this effect was confined only to loss and insurance domains. The findings call into question the generalizability of priming effects on different financial context and show that the effects of priming on financial risk taking are sensitive to the financial context under consideration.

Education is crucial means for serving the Muslim women out of their economic gloom because economic dependence is the key factor contributing to the low position of Muslim women. Education is the key to all-round human development Education acts as a mechanism for social mobility. Education attempts to develop ability and capacity in individuals to increase higher status, positions or prestige and promotes active social mobility. Education and social mobility are closely related. Education is capable to encourage the growth and eliminate the backwardness of the nation. The more valuable and fruitful is the education, the more is the social mobility. Education tries to develop ability and capacity in individuals to gain higher status, positions or respect and sponsorsactive social mobility. Globalisation made it easier to move people around the world and people get in touch with organisations who promise a better life faster. Education is directly related to occupational mobility and the subsequent improvement in economic position and on the other hand, kit forms and element of social change.

The experience of having a child with disabilities can be traumatic due to the nature of the child’s condition, fears for life, uncertainty about future quality of life and how news of the ...

Emilie Jobin-Poirier,1 Gary Pickering,1–4 Ryan Plummer1,4,5 1Environmental Sustainability Research Centre, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada; 2Department of Biological Sciences and Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada; 3Cool Climate Oenology and Viticulture Institute, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada; 4Sustainability Research Centre, The University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia; 5Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden Background: Climate change (CC) could have both positive and negative consequences for the Canadian and global wine industries. Understanding how winegrowers perceive CC, however, can provide insight into how to better assist the industry to cope with the impacts of a changing climate. Material and methods: An online survey of 122 Canadian winegrowers was conducted to understand knowledge, beliefs, environmental values, and perceptions towards CC and its impact on the Canadian wine industry. Environmental values (New Environmental Paradigm score), subjective and objective CC knowledge, CC skepticism and uncertainty, belief in anthropogenic CC, and perceptions of the impacts of CC were measured using established tools. Results: Overall, results show that Canadian winegrowers have a relatively low level of CC skepticism, a medium level of CC scientific knowledge, a pro-ecological (as opposed to anthropological) worldview, and generally believe that CC is caused by a mix of anthropogenic and natural forces. Moreover, a majority of respondents (60%) believe that CC has both positive and negative consequences on their vineyard and winery operations, while 8% think that climate change has no consequence on their operations. An extended growing season for grapes, the improvement of grape and wine quality, and the possibility to grow varieties that are not currently viable were the main beneficial consequences of CC reported by participants, while an increase in both disease and pests in the vineyard were the most commonly identified disadvantages. Finally, no association was observed between CC skepticism, knowledge, environmental values, and the perception of CC consequences. Conclusion: Our findings inform communication strategies for the wine industry around CC, and provide important baseline information on winegrowers’ perceptions that inform wider efforts to improve the capacity of the industry to develop and adapt to the consequences of CC. Keywords: wine, grapes, sustainability, adaptation

After four years of economic gloom, the Bruneian economy began showing signs of recovery, mainly thanks to improved global oil prices and the fruits of government policies introduced three years ago. In the meantime, the sultan’s seriousness in combating corruption has taken center stage, with young new faces introduced in the recent cabinet reshuffle. Implementation of sharia law remains slow. On the international front, Brunei appears to be moving closer to China, which is emerging as the country’s largest foreign investor.

Why fuse climate change and comedy? Anthropogenic climate change is one of the most prominent and existential challenges of the 21st century. Consequently, public discourses typically consider climate change as ‘threat’ with doom, gloom and psychological duress sprinkled throughout. Humor and comedy have been increasingly mobilized as culturally-resonant vehicles for effective climate change communications, as everyday forms of resistance and tools of social movements, while providing some levity along the way. Yet, critical assessments see comedy as a distraction from the serious nature of climate change problems. Primarily through conceptions of biopower and through approaches to affect, this paper interrogates how comedy and humor potentially exert power to impact new ways of thinking/acting about anthropogenic climate change. More widely, this paper critically examines ways in which experiential, emotional, and aesthetic learning can inform scientific ways of knowing. These dynamics are explored through the ‘Stand Up for Climate Change’ initiative through the ‘Inside the Greenhouse’ project where efficacy of humor in climate change communication is considered while individuals and groups also build tools of communication through humor. This is a multi-modal experiment in sketch comedy, stand-up and improvisation involving undergraduate students, culminating in a set of performances. In addition, the project ran an international video competition. Through this case, we find that progress is made along key themes of awareness, efficacy, feeling/emotion/affect, engagement/problem solving, learning and new knowledge formation, though many challenges still remain. While science is often privileged as the dominant way by which climate change is articulated, comedic approaches can influence how meanings course through the veins of our social body, shaping our coping and survival practices in contemporary life. However, this is not a given. By tapping into these complementary ways of knowing, ongoing challenges remain regarding how communicators can more effectively develop strategies to ‘meet people where they are’ through creative climate communications.

This is a portrait of five-year-old Miss Rose, who shone brightly albeit briefly on the London stage in the years 1769–70 before fading away into the gloom of historical obscurity (Fig. 1). She stands here as Tom Thumb, the eponymous diminutive hero of Henry Fielding's farce. With impressively plumed helm, her beautiful black eyes fierce, chin set in a determined tilt, padded right leg stretched out aggressively, and her somewhat chubby hand gripping the hilt of her sword, Miss Rose looks ready to engage some unseen enemy just outside the picture frame. Impressive as she looks, however, there is something poignant about this little girl's confidently heroic stance in the context of her prematurely terminated theatrical career. Miss Rose appears on the Haymarket stage in the summer of 1769, garners much praise and a small degree of celebrity, and then disappears from the theatre by 1771. Her departure is shrouded in nebulous but persistent accusations by her mother, Elizabeth de Franchetti, that she was being blackballed by the powerful theatre managers David Garrick and Samuel Foote, who for some reason refused to employ her despite her talent. After lingering a few years on the offstage London entertainment scene of concerts and variety shows, she drops out of historical view altogether before she is nine years old.

In 1932, the American electorate was surveyed in a poll that has languished in the archives. The survey was conducted by Houser Associates, a pioneer in market research. It interviewed face-to-face a representative cross section about voter choices and issue attitudes. Although conducted on behalf of the Hoover campaign, the poll was not biased in his favor. The most striking revelation is that the electoral sway of the Depression was quite limited. The government wasnotseen by most voters as the major culprit or as having been ineffective in alleviating it. Even many FDR voters agreed. Moreover, there was no widespread “doom and gloom” about the future. What loomed larger in 1932 was the issue of Prohibition. The American people overwhelmingly favored repeal. The Democratic stand on it—that is, outright repeal—was a sure electoral winner, given Hoover’s staunch defense of Prohibition.

2020 was the year when microbiology burst onto the world stage, not just as the science of small living things, but as the prism through which we understood global events. Clinical logic suffered under pressure arising from an urgent need to confirm or exclude severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This is a generation’s Hobbesian moment in which the public concern for safety and security from infection outweighs the pursuit of personal freedom. The strangeness of a world in which a minute particle wields superhuman power has generated its list of unlikely heroes and mendacious villains. As the year comes to an end, there are glimmers of light amid the gloom: the prospect of an effective vaccine, and life after the pandemic.

A growing body of research has explored whether evoking hope or fear about climate change is more effective at catalyzing attitude and behavior change among the public. Prior studies on this topic have primarily tested responses to text and/or still image manipulations, finding mixed results. Amid the rapidly growing creation and consumption of climate change video content online, it is important that researchers also consider how the public may engage with hope and fear narratives presented in videos. This study aims to help fill this gap by examining how Americans respond to hope and doom and gloom climate change frames portrayed in short online videos. Participants who watched the hope and doom videos reported experiencing the respective emotions the videos sought to elicit (hope and fear). Participants with different political affiliations and with contrasting climate change attitudes across the Six Americas of Global Warming reported significantly different levels of fear, but only participants across the Six Americas reported significantly different levels of hope. However, despite these emotional responses, neither video was associated with significant differences in climate change risk perceptions, likelihood of behavior change, or likelihood of climate activism. These null results suggest that the impacts of a single hope or fear appeal can be overstated and caution against claims that either hopeful or fear-driven climate change communication strategies are necessarily optimal. Open-ended survey responses to the videos also suggest that ideological views about climate change may be associated with how individuals respond to specific video production elements, including music, editing, pacing, and visuals.

As clocks across Florida struck eight on the last Monday of 1980, a new era began. In the early morning gloom, the doors of the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) – a 53-story sugar-cube of a structure which stood dominant over the marshy flatness of the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) on Merritt Island – clanked ajar to reveal a spacecraft like no other. It shimmered in the rays of the newly risen sun as the warming fingers of dawn gently caressed its flight surfaces and picked out its textures and contours in stark relief. The first Space Shuttle, named ‘Columbia’ in honor of the female personification of the United States, was on the move, bound for the launch pad. And after a troubled decade in development, the greatest experimental flying machine in history was about to spread its wings.

In modern society, attention is traded in markets on an industrial scale. Some theorists say that attention is even more important than money and power—the typical subjects of sociology. Based on a critical reflection of sociological concepts we develop a framework that answers three fundamental questions. The first asks, to what extent is the generation of attention a social action? Second, how do markets emerge and which type of attention is traded? Third, what causes change in attention markets? We discuss what the framework implies about current changes in attention markets through digital transformation by referring to numerous bestselling, critical, nonfiction books that predict doom and gloom regarding the subject. We conclude that attention has already become close to currency, as it can be measured accurately and in a timely and individualized manner. However, the limited information processing capacity of human consciousness make attention an economic scarcity. In order to professionalize the attraction of attention, certain professions, sophisticated technologies, and persuasion techniques have emerged over the last decades. Nevertheless, humans remain reflexive beings who constantly adapt their knowledge and abilities to avoid or sabotage unwanted attempts to capture their attention or persuade them. As a result of this, professional techniques to attract attention require a lot of ongoing creativity.

The first step in mapping a research agenda for Political Science that draws on the Humanities is to describe where we are now. We describe the dominant intellectual trend affecting all British Universities over the past four decades—neoliberalism in the guises of marketisation and managerialism. Two consequences follow—the mainstreaming of research, and the search for relevance. The case for blurring genres is an opportunity to withdraw from this instrumental rationale and reclaim the intrinsic value of the Humanities and Social Sciences; to reject air of gloom and doom surrounding the Humanities; and to counter the unrelenting pressure for marketisation and relevance. Shared trends in Political Science and the New Area Studies identify the space for working with the Humanities. There is a shared concern with interpretive approaches, and qualitative methods that focus on the meaning of human action, fieldwork or thick descriptions, narrative analysis, historical contingency, and plausible conjectures. We suggest an ambitious mind map built on four values shared by the Humanities and the ‘soft pure’ Social Sciences: empathy, enlarged thinking, edification, and the examined life.

It’s a great privilege to deliver this year’s Susan Campbell Oration. I, like many others, had the pleasure of working with Sue on a range of activities. In 2007, Sue conducted a review of the La Trobe Law School Clinical program which was instrumental in helping ensure the program remained an integral aspect of the La Trobe University law course. I hope what I have to say honours Sue’s memory and her contributions to legal education and clinical legal education in particular2. My focus in this presentation is on how Australian clinical legal education responds to the various innovations and disruptions occurring in the legal arena. The scope and breadth of innovations is mindboggling. There are many predictions about what the future holds for the legal profession, from gloom and doom to utopia, and there is a growing body of literature discussing the implications for the legal profession and legal education. In reality, it is impossible to envisage what the legal world will look like in ten years let alone thirty and that poses a real challenge for those involved in legal education, including clinical legal education. How best to prepare today’s students for the unknown future? Given that I have no expertise in digital technology and am certainly not a futurologist my comments relate to those areas about which I have some background: access to justice, social security and clinical legal education. I briefly outline the variety and scope of innovations occurring in the legal world, discuss two related aspects namely access to justice and government decision making, using the example of Robodebt, and then examine the potential for clinical legal education in these disruptive times. I argue that clinical legal education is well placed to take a more central role in Australian law schools and the training of 21st century legal workers.

Beginning the final section of the book, which shows how early Romanticism tames the spiritualist impulse, this chapter considers poetic re-embodiment in relation to psychological depression, called “gloom” by the poet and critic Anna Letitia Barbauld. She faulted Edward Young for having popularized a dangerously gloomy sublimity that, by separating souls from bodies, desensitized readers to subtle and modest everyday feelings. As a remedy, her writing praises the enlightened “chearfulness” of Mark Akenside, a healthy middle register of embodied emotion that is neither too dark nor too bright. Yet Barbauld eventually came to agree, the chapter argues, with medical experts who had decided that melancholy is an affliction more of matter than mind. Late poems, crowned by Eighteen Hundred and Eleven (1812), both accept that gloom belongs in the physical body and identify the poet’s own voice with that body. De-souled and dispirited, Barbauld at last domesticates Young’s otherworldly passion. She makes depression political by making it ordinary.