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Glomus tumors are rare benign soft tissue tumors that arise from the glomus body. They typically develop in the subungual region but may develop extradigitally anywhere, in the upper or lower limbs. Extradigital glomus tumors can be misdiagnosed for years because of their atypical position and presentation. Being aware of an extradigital glomus tumor is important because they can be encountered during imaging studies and may be the cause of the patient’s symptoms. This report presents a case of an extradigital glomus tumor, of the forearm, diagnosed during neuromuscular sonography, in a patient with chronic intractable neuropathic-like pain, along the medial side of the left forearm. Sonographic imaging of the nerves, muscles, and tendons did not reveal any abnormalities. However, meticulous imaging of all tissue layers detected a subcutaneous vascular nodule. Subsequent excision biopsy and histopathologic assessment revealed a glomus tumor. After surgery, the patient experienced dramatic relief of pain. This case report highlights the importance of careful sonographic examination of all the tissues, including skin and subcutaneous tissue layers, to avoid missing non-neuromuscular pathologies that impact patient’s management.

BACKGROUND Glomus tumors (GTs), defined by modified smooth cells and normal glomus body cells, usually present with a small mass occurring in the soft tissue or dermis of an extremity, especially in the subungual region. However, other unusual sites, such as the respiratory tract, have also been reported. They are usually sporadic. Their imaging findings are usually nonspecific and likely to appear as a well-delineated round mass that usually lacks calcification. To our knowledge, we report the first case of bronchial GTs with calcification, reminding clinicians and radiologists that GT is one of the differential diagnoses when a calcified nodular mass is found. CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a 33-yr-old Chinese man with cough and sputum for 11 d and hemoptysis for 5 d. Chest computed tomography revealed a calcified nodular lesion on the compressed posterior wall of the lower left main bronchus and bronchiectasis in the lower lobe of the left lung. To confirm the characteristics of calcified nodules, we performed fiberoptic bronchoscopy. The tumor tissue from the biopsy of bronchial mucosal lesions established the diagnosis of GT. Because the patient had no life-threatening symptoms, he was not treated with surgery. Clinical follow-up for 25 mo showed that the patient survived well without any discomfort. CONCLUSION Bronchial GTs are usually not accompanied by calcification on computed tomography scans. To our knowledge, we report the first calcified bronchial GT. We recommend that clinicians consider GT as a possible differential diagnosis when a calcified mass of the bronchi is found.

Glomus tumors are rare benign neoplasms arising from the neuromyoarterial structure called glomus body. They present as angiomatous papules, soft and painful, especially to cold and pressure. In general, they are solitary and affect the extremities, located mainly the subungual bed. Extradigital lesions are rare and can constitute a diagnostic challenge. This is the report of a patient with an extradigital lesion on the left arm, and its dermoscopic aspects, including angiomatous lagoons circumscribed by a pale halo, a structure not previously described in the two reports of extradigital glomus tumor with dermoscopic features, found in the literature.

Glomus tumors are mesenchymal tumors that arise from glomus bodies and most frequently occur in the distal extremities. These tumors can occur throughout the body and are typically benign. However, a very small fraction of glomus tumors displays aggressive features and are considered atypical or malignant. We report on our experience and management of the first case in the literature of a malignant glomus tumor in a child originating in the paraspinal region with involvement of the cervical spine. Malignant glomus tumors tend to be locally aggressive, and en bloc resection is difficult, especially when the tumors occur in the head and neck. Additional studies on disease progression and adjuvant treatment outcomes are necessary to determine the best treatment approach and long-term outcomes in patients with malignant glomus tumors.

Introduction: Glomus Tumour are vascular neoplasm that arise from glomus body. They are benign hamartomas most commonly occurring at subungual region of digits. They can cause recurrent episodes of intense lancinating pain and disability. Patients often undergo undiagnosed or misdiagnosed for many years because the tumours are small. The purpose of our study was to assess pain relief and recurrence rate after complete excision of tumour. Material and Methods: Twenty one patients were included in the study. All cases were assessed clinically and on MRI. Glomus tumour excision was done under microscope and the diagnosis was confirmed post-operatively by HPE. Pre- and Post-operative VAS scores were compared to evaluate the symptomatic outcome. Recurrence was assessed by recurrence of pain and MRI changes. Results: Out of 21 patients 18 were females and 3 were males. The mean age was 35 years. All patients showed dramatic relief of pain after surgical excision. Early diagnosis and surgical excision decreases patient's sufferings from severe pain and disability. The average improvement in VAS score was from 7.952 (pre-op) to 1.048 (post-op). No recurrence observed at 24 months follow-up. Conclusion: Glomus tumour is a rare disease, one should have a high index of suspicion for Glomus tumour in intractable chronic fingertip pain. Excision of Glomus tumour under microscope allows better tissue clearance and hence low recurrence rate.

Introduction: Glomus tumor is a benign and rare vascular tumor arising from the glomus body, commonly found in the hand particularly in subungal region. These tumors present usually as bluish discolouration of nail plate with classical triad of excruciating pain, localized tenderness and sensitivity to cold. It’s etiology remains unknown but several hypothesis explain the excruciating pain. Different clinical test including Love’s pin test, Hildreth’s test and trans-illumination test are often helpful in diagnosis. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) is an excellent imaging modality in the diagnosis of these lesions. Diagnosis of tumor is delayed because of subtle clinical signs and also surgeons often miss advising MRI to patients due to its high cost. There are two main approaches for excision of glomus tumor-transungual and periungual. Selection of approach depends upon surgeon’s choice and anatomical location of the tumor. Complete surgical excision of the tumor reduces chance of recurrence. The aim of this study is to review the time from onset of symptoms to the diagnosis, management of problem and recurrence retrospectively. Material and methods: This study was done retrospectively between May 2017 to May 2019 at tertiary care center of eastern India. All patients with histopathologic ally confirmed subungual glomus tumor of distal phalanx of hand were included in this study. Patients with Reynolds disease were excluded from this study. MRI was done preoperatively and histopathological analysis of the excised specimen was done postoperatively to confirm the diagnosis. Patients were followed-up after every 3 month for 1 year to see any complication and recurrence. Results: It was found that the patients had clinical symptoms for an average of 2.3 years. All patients were women with mean age of 34.2 years. Out of 5 patients, 2 patients developed nail deformity. Recurrence was not found till last follow-up period. All patients were returned to their normal routine work and regained their full function of the hand.

Glomus tumor is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm originating from the modified smooth muscle cells of the glomus body. Primary colonic glomus tumor is extremely rare with only 5 cases published in the English literature. In this article, we report the sixth case of primary colonic glomus tumor in a 50-year-old female with no significant past medical history who presented with routine screening colonoscopy. The entire colon was endoscopically unremarkable except an incidental 6-mm sessile polyp located in the descending colon. Biopsy showed a densely cellular neoplasm composed of small, bland, slightly spindled to predominantly epithelioid cells with clear to eosinophilic cytoplasm arranged in nests and sheets. The tumor cells were interspersed with slit-like thin-walled vessels and scattered short nerve bundles. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for smooth muscle actin, h-caldesmon, and CD34 (focal), but completely negative for HMB45, S100, EMA, desmin, DOG-1, and CD117. The histologic features and immunohistochemical profile supported a diagnosis of primary colonic glomus tumor. The patient was asymptomatic and disease free after the procedure.

Introduction Glomus tumor located in the lower limb could be easily mistaken as lower extremity pain whether it is radiating, sciatic, or just a localized one. This could lead to misdiagnosis and improper management. Presentation of case This case reported a 56-year-old man complaining of pain in his left thigh. The pain was characterized as sharp and sometimes radiated to the skin of the calf muscles region. There was no history of trauma. Physical examination of the left thigh region revealed a small and barely palpable deep subcutaneous mass. Ultrasound examination showed a 6 × 5.3 mm partly cystic subcutaneous mass in the posteromedial region of the left distal femur. Doppler USG showed that the blood flow in the cystic lesion originated from the medial genicular artery. Surgical tumor excision through the medial femoral approach exposed a 15 × 10 × 5 mm yellowish-white thin encapsulated subdermal tumor attached to the vascular wall. Histopathology examination resulted in a Glomus Tumor. Discussion Glomus tumor usually occurs in areas that are rich in glomus bodies. Thigh is not a specific location for glomus bodies. It presented as bluish small nodule that are sensitive to touch and temperature changes. Glomus tumors in the thigh region rarely recurs since they are solitary and encapsulated, making them easily recognizable from the surrounding tissue during the operation. Conclusion Meticulous history taking, physical examination, and imaging modalities are necessary to differentiate between tumor and non-tumor lesions in less common areas.

Glomus tumours (GTs) are rare, mesenchymal neoplasms arising from the glomus body. Atypical sites, like the stomach, have been reported with extreme rarity since the usual location lies under the nail beds. We report a rare case of gastric GT in a 28-year-old female presenting with upper abdominal pain, intermittent haematemesis and melena. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography indicated a well-defined, heterogeneously enhancing lesion in the antral region of the stomach and a possibility of gastrointestinal (GI) stromal tumour (GIST). Upper GI endoscopy showed a wide-based lesion in the sub-mucosal plane with ulcerated mucosa. Laparoscopic excision of the tumour with primary closure of the defect was performed, with an uneventful post-operative course. Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings confirmed a gastric GT. Follow-up clinical and endoscopic examinations were normal. Gastric GTs should be a rare differential in patients with suspected GIST and upper GI bleed.

Introduction Glomus tumors are rare and often benign vascular lesions that present classically in the subungual region of the hand. Nonetheless, presentations in atypical sites have been reported over the years. However, the classic symptoms of typical glomus tumors are often absent in tumors of atypical sites. Case presentation We present a case of an extradigital glomus tumor with a 3-year history of pain in the lateral aspect of the elbow. Discussion The case we present took three years and multiple visits to different clinics and specialties to reach the final diagnosis and management. It often takes longer to diagnose Glomus tumors of atypical sites and presentations. The causes could be related to the rare incidence, the atypical presentation in site and symptoms, or the diagnostic methods. Conclusion This case report discusses the possible causes behind the diagnostic delay in extradigital glomus tumors, aiming to raise clinical awareness among primary health care physicians., Highlights • The classic triad of symptoms to diagnose glomus tumors does not necessarily present in extradigital glomus tumors. • Extradigital glomus tumors of the elbow are especially challenging to diagnose. • Biopsy of the lesion remains the only way to confirm the diagnosis of a glomus tumor, and a an excisional biopsy is curative.

Glomus tumors (GTs) are rare benign tumors as a result of hyperplasia of glomus body. GT most commonly involves the subungual areas and rarely involves extra-digital sites. The clinical presentation of a glomus tumor is a triad of symptoms consisting of pain, cold intolerance, and pinpoint tenderness. Even though glomus tumors are benign, they can infrequently be malignant. Despite their benign nature, these lesions can cause disabling symptoms, therefore proper diagnosis and treatment is important. In this report, we present a 35-year-old Saudi male with a painful lesion on the right side of the chest wall at the posterior axillary line for seven years, with recent progressive growth and symptoms. Diagnosis of extra-digital glomangioma of the chest wall in this patient was confirmed by histopathology. The patient was managed by complete surgical excision of the lesion with the resolution of pain and without recurrence.

We present a patient with a painful, mobile nodule on the elbow. The nodule was skin-colored and had no punctum or discharge. It was excised and histopathology showed that the lesion was a glomangioma, or glomuvenous malformation. This is a neoplasm that arises from the glomus body, a thermoregulatory neurovascular structure. The glomus body is composed of glomus cells, vascular cells, and smooth muscle cells. Three subtypes of neoplasms may arise from the glomus body, depending on the extent to which they involve the three types of cells. They include glomus tumors, glomangiomas/glomuvenous malformations, and glomangiomyomas. This case was unusual in that it did not present with surface color change to indicate a vascular component.

Highlights • Glomus tumor is mostly seen in the digits and very rarely present in the other parts of the body including abdominal wall. • Other more common causes of abdominal pain should be ruled out first before labeling the glomus tumor as a cause. • Excisional biopsy is the best diagnostic modality for diagnosing and also treatment of choice in glomus tumor., Introduction Glomus tumors are very rare benign vascular tumors, constituting less than 2% of soft tissue tumors. These tumors originate from the glomus body. 75% of these tumors occur in hand however rarely can be found in any body part. Presentation of case We here report a case of glomus tumor who presented with abdominal pain (constant and throbbing nature) and small swelling in the left hypochondrium. Pain was mostly spontaneous without any obvious cause, aggravated by cold and palpation. Ultrasonography parietal wall showed 27 × 22 × 21 mm hypoechoic lesion in the parietal wall with increased focal vascularity. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of glomus tumor. Discussion These are rare benign vascular tumors arising from the glomus bodies found anywhere in body. However 75% are found in hand mostly subungual region. Glomus tumor may show unusual clinical picture such as extra digital location, large size, deep soft tissue, visceral location, multi-centric or infiltrative growth pattern. These tumor commonly presents with a diagnostic triad of spontaneous pain, hypersensitivity to drop in temperature and pressure tenderness. Clinical diagnostic tests aide in diagnosis, including Love’s test, Hildreth’s test, Transillumination and the cold test. The clinical differential diagnosis of glomus tumor includes Raynaud’s phenomenon, neuroma, gout, infection, peripheral neuropathy and radiculopathy. Conclusion Extra digital glomus tumor occur in any part of the body and should be put in differential diagnosis of abdominal pain when no obvious cause of pain is found. Surgical excision is the curative treatment of choice with rare recurrence.

Glomus tumors are rare mesenchymal neoplasms arising from the glomus bodies in the deep dermis of the extremities or derive from the modified smooth muscle cells of the normal glomus body. Primary pulmonary glomus tumors are particularly rare and infrequently reported. We report a case of a primary glomus tumor occurring in the lung with adenocarcinoma in the ipsilateral lung as synchronous lung cancers in a 69-year-old man. He underwent lobectomy for adenocarcinoma and wedge resection for the glomus tumor with mediastinal lymph node dissection and was doing well without recurrence or metastasis at the last follow-up.

Glomus tumors are vascular neoplasms arising from glomus bodies. They are typically found in tissues where glomus bodies are concentrated, including the subungual layer of the fingers or the deep dermis of the palm, wrist, forearm, and foot but rarely occur in the axillary region. Herein, we reported the MRI and FDG PET/CT findings of a glomus tumor presenting as an axillary mass in a 25-year-old woman.

Background Glomus tumor (GT), which are neoplasms of the glomus body, usually occur in the extremities, particularly under the nail bed. GT occurring in the bladder is very rare and has been reported as sporadic. In the present study, a rare case of bladder GT is reported and its clinical and histopathological characteristics are summarized by literature review. Case presentation A 57-year-old woman presented with intermittent gross hematuria for 2 years. Urinalysis displayed hematuria. The bladder ultrasound showed an avascular and homogeneous isoechoic polypoid mass with a maximum diameter of 6 mm at the right lateral wall of bladder. The bladder endoscopic examination showed a polypoid lesion, with a smooth surface, located in the right lateral wall. Then, a transurethral resection was performed, its histopathological features indicated a benign GT. Conclusions GT arising in the bladder is extremely rare, and only four cases have been identified in studies reported in English. It is difficult to diagnose bladder GTs according to their clinical features. The gold standard method used for their diagnosis is histopathology. However, it should also be considered in the differential diagnosis for bladder mass.

BackgroundGlomus tumors (GTs) are mesenchymal neoplastic lesions arising from the glomus bodies and generally occur in the fingers and toes. Gastrointestinal GTs are rare, and most of them originate from the stomach; however, GT arising from the duodenum is exceedingly rare.Case presentationA 68-year-old man was admitted due to abdominal pain. Endoscopy showed a round, smooth, elevated mass in the second portion of the duodenum with central ulceration. Abdominal contrast computed tomography showed a hypervascular tumor measuring 26 mm in diameter in the second portion of the duodenum, and pancreatic invasion was suspected. Endoscopic ultrasonography of the lesion confirmed a hypoechoic mass arising from the fourth layer of the duodenal wall. A biopsy was performed for central ulceration, and immunochemical studies showed positive results for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and negative results for S100, C-Kit, and CD34. Leiomyoma or gastrointestinal stromal tumor was suspected and pancreatoduodenectomy was performed. The specimen exhibited a vascular-rich tumor, 24 × 24 × 19 mm in size, with deep ulceration in the duodenum. Histological examination showed uniform small round cells with central nuclei and a pale cytoplasm (glomus cell) with perivascular proliferation. Immunochemical studies showed that the tumor was positive for SMA and collagen type IV, and negative for C-Kit, CD34, desmin, and S100. We diagnosed the tumor as a GT of the duodenum.ConclusionGTs of the duodenum are exceedingly rare, but should be considered in the differential diagnoses of duodenal submucosal lesions.

BackgroundGlomus tumors are subcutaneous tumors arising from glomus bodies, thermoregulatory components of the skin. These tumors could occur in visceral organs where glomus bodies are not normally present. Herein, we report a case of primary pancreatic glomus tumor with aggressive direct invasion into the superior mesenteric vein (SMV). To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case report of a glomus tumor arising in the pancreas.Case presentationA 46-year-old woman was referred to our hospital due to vomiting with epigastric and back pain. Dynamic-CT revealed a well-circumscribed hypervascular mass, measuring 37 mm in its maximal diameter involving the pancreatic head. Both CT and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) revealed direct invasion into the SMV and radiologically suspected tumor thrombus. Biopsy sample obtained by EUS-guided fine needle aspiration revealed proliferation of small cells, round-to-oval tumor cells with round nuclei and scant cytoplasm. A histological diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, G1 was initially considered. Therefore, subtotal stomach-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy using Child-II reconstruction was subsequently performed. Her SMV was resected and reconstructed due to extensive tumor involvement. Subsequent histopathological analysis revealed solid tumor cells proliferation that comprised oval-shaped nuclei and scant cytoplasm around disorganized or slit-shaped vessels in hematoxylin–eosin-stained slides. Immunohistochemical analysis then demonstrated positive immunoreactivity for smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and CD34, but negative for chromogranin A, synaptophysin, CD56, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6. Based on these histological findings of resected specimens, the lesion was subsequently diagnosed as a primary pancreatic glomus tumor harboring direct invasion into the SMV. Her postoperative course was uneventful and annual surveys for the following 4 years post-op detected no clinical signs of recurrence.ConclusionsWe report a very rare case of glomus tumor of the pancreas accompanied by venous invasion. Curative surgical resection is the best treatment option for pancreatic glomus tumors. Although pancreatic glomus tumor is rare, it should be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis of a pancreatic solid tumor with hypervascularity.

Introduction: Glomus tumours are rare benign tumours formed by modified smooth muscle cells arising from the glomus body. Glomus tumours occurring in the iris have not been previously reported. Case description: A 32-year-old woman presented with a 9-day history of blurred vision in her right eye. Ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the presence of a mass lesion within the iris. Surgery of the iris was performed and the tumour was removed. Histopathological analysis confirmed a glomus tumour. The patient remains clinically stable 5 months following surgery and has experienced no tumour recurrence. Conclusion: The findings from this case suggest that the typical symptoms of a glomus tumour may be absent in some cases, and that imaging examinations can help in understanding the extent of the lesion and the involvement of adjacent structures. Moreover, pathology and immunohistochemistry are crucial to confirm the diagnosis.

Glomus tumors are very uncommon neoplasms arising from glomus bodies. They differ in the proportion of components, i.e. smooth muscle tissue, vessels and glomus cells. The most common location of this kind of tumor is the subungual area of digits. In other locations, glomus tumors are very rare but have been reported, among others, in bone, lungs, trachea and stomach. Glomus tumors are often misdiagnosed because of diverse clinical presentations. They can be asymptomatic, may lead to cosmetic discomfort, but clinical presentation often involves pain, tenderness and cold hypersensitivity. We present a case of multiple glomus tumor in the foot of a 41-year-old woman. After several surgical consultations, she had been referred for further surgery including possible ampu­tation, which she declined. Simultaneous multiple excisions of the tumors resulted in complete symptomatic relief. This case confirms that glomus tumors should be considered in a patient with multiple lesions producing ex­cruciating pain.

Glomus tumors are mesenchymal neoplasms derived from glomus bodies with rare presentations in the oral cavity. Glomus tumors present as a purple or pink vascular nodule or papule, sized

Glomus tumor (glomangioma) is an uncommon pericytic neoplasm derived from glomus cells, which are modified smooth muscle cells of the glomus body. Malignant glomus tumors (glomangiosarcomas) are extremely rare mesenchymal neoplasms. There are limited reports of metastatic malignant glomus tumors within the gastrointestinal tract in the literature. We report a case of an 80-year-old woman who presented with vague epigastric discomfort. On computed tomography (CT) imaging, a 7.1 cm solid enhancing mass was seen originating from the gastric antrum and was clinically suspected to be a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Needle core biopsies were obtained from the antral mass and demonstrated an epithelioid neoplasm with a brisk mitotic activity. The morphology and imunohistochemical profile (CKIT/DOG1 negative and strong immunoreactivity with smooth muscle actin), was consistent with a malignant glomus tumor, at least FNCLCC grade 2. At the time of the planned gastric resection, multiple hepatic metastases were identified and confirmed on frozen section to be consistent with metastatic malignant glomus tumor. Keywords: Malignant glomus tumor, Antrum, Metastasis, Liver

Glomus tumors are tumors that arise from the glomus bodies, which can be found in sites of arteriovenous anastomosis. Glomus tumors can occur in all parts of the body but rarely occur in the trachea. The PET/CT findings of these tumors are similar to those of malignant tracheal tumors. We reported the PET/CT findings of a pathologically proven primary glomus tumor in the trachea of a 41-year-old man.

Glomus tumors are rare benign painful tumors, which arise from the glomus body. The diagnosis is established with a detailed history and a bunch of efficient clinical tests, which are more beneficial than the radiological investigations. The surgical removal of the tumor is the mainstay of treatment. We present here a case of glomus tumor of right thumb suffering from agonizing paroxysms of pain since the last ten years, which was diagnosed clinically, whose tumor was surgically removed after localizing it with the loves pin test. [Hand Microsurg 2018; 7(2.000): 105-108]

Glomus tumors originate from a neuroarterial structure called the glomus body, and grow mostly in soft tissue. It is rare for glomus tumors to develop in the respiratory system. The patient of the present case had an abnormal shadow in the right lung on chest X-ray, and computed tomography (CT) findings displayed a lung tumor in the right S6. Bronchoscopy was performed for the diagnosis of the lung tumor, and a polypoid bronchial tumor was unexpectedly found to occupy the right B3. The bronchial tumor was diagnosed as a glomus tumor, and the lung tumor was diagnosed as an adenocarcinoma. The bronchial glomus tumor was cauterized by argon plasma coagulation (APC). Three weeks after the cauterization by APC, the right lower lobectomy was performed for the treatment of the lung adenocarcinoma. The patient has remained disease free for 2 years.

Glomus tumor is a painful benign neoplasm which arises from the glomus body. The glomus body is neuromyoarterial receptor responsible for regulating the peripheral skin blood flow and local temperature. The classical clinical symptoms of the glomus tumor are acute local pain, pin point tenderness and hypersensitivity to cold. The commonest location of the glomus tumor is the subungual region of the distal phalanx of the fingers and toes. We hereby describe a very rare case of extradigital glomus tumor in the interspace between the scapula and the posterior chest wall causing paroxysmal severe pain on the movement of the right shoulder. Being deep in location, the tumor was not clinically palpable or identifiable. The lesion was eventually located on MRI. Surgical resection of the tumor led to complete resolution of patient's symptoms.

Glomus tumors are rare mesenchymal neoplasms with a phenotype akin to the modified smooth muscle cells of the glomus body. Most are benign, but rare examples show malignant histologic characteristics and aggressive behavior. We recently encountered a malignant glomus tumor with BRAF V600E mutation. We sought to study a large cohort for this mutation, with particular attention to associated malignant histologic characteristics. Tumors were classified based on WHO criteria as benign, uncertain malignant potential (glomus tumors of uncertain malignant potential-GT-UMP), or malignant. Tumors were screened for BRAF V600E by immunohistochemistry, and positive staining was evaluated further by Sanger sequencing. A total of 102 glomus tumors were included and classified as benign (57, 56%), GT-UMP (15, 15%) and malignant (30, 29%). Tumors occurred in patients aged 8 to 89.9 years (median: 50.2), without sex predilection (55% men). Most occurred in the superficial soft tissue (84%) and upper extremities (55%). Six of 95 tested cases had BRAF V600E mutation (6%), including 0 of 57 benign tumors, 3 of 14 GT-UMP (21%), and 3 of 24 malignant tumors (12%). Follow-up was obtained for 59 cases (median: 75.7 mo, range: 7.8 to 268.5). Three of 11 malignant tumors (27%) had progressive disease: 1 with metastasis to brain and heart, 1 with enlarging residual disease, and 1 with recurrence. Two of 4 GT-UMP (50%) had progressive disease: 1 with metastasis to lung, and 1 with local recurrence (50%). Three of 44 benign tumors (7%) had local recurrence. Two of 5 patients with BRAF V600E had progression, including 1 GT-UMP with local recurrence and 1 malignant tumor with enlarging residual disease. In summary, BRAF V600E mutation was detected in 6% of glomus tumors, all of which were malignant or GT-UMP. This mutation may be associated with a malignant phenotype, although study of additional cases is needed. In patients with progressive disease, BRAF could be a promising therapeutic target.

Glomus tumors are uncommon perivascular neoplasms.1 Derived from the glomus bodies of the dermis involved in thermoregulation, glomus tumors are found most frequently in areas of the body rich in such glomus bodies, including the subungual areas of the digits and the distal extremities in general. Although they are most common in the superficial tissues, glomus tumors may occur in visceral organs, including the liver, lung, pancreas, and gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts.2 When glomus tumors do occur in the gastrointestinal tract, they are most often located in the stomach.3 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Glomus tumors are benign hamartoma of glomus body. It accounts 1-5% of all soft tissue tumors of hand. They can cause recurrent episodes of intense lancinating pain and disability. Patients often undergo undiagnosed or misdiagnosed for many years because the tumors are small. Twenty patients were operated during the period of 2010 to 2015. Most of the cases were selected on the basis of clinical diagnosis. The help of magnetic resonance imaging was taken in suspicious cases. The only treatment of glomus tumor is total surgical excision. In this study surgical excision were performed by direct trans-ungual approach. All patients showed dramatic relief of pain after surgical excision. Early diagnosis and surgical excision decreases patient's sufferings from severe pain and disability. Eagerness in early diagnosis and surgical excision can reduce long period of sufferings.Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2017;12(2): 64-67

Glomus tumours are lesions of the glomus body. A solitary glomus tumour is a more common, characteristically painful lesion, frequently located under the nail, whereas multiple glomus tumours are a rare clinical and genetic entity. Multiple glomus tumours are rarely subungual and do not show preference for any particular region of the body. We report a rare case of painful multidigit subungual glomus tumours in both hands.A 34-year-old male patient complained of painful fingertips (right: thumb, index finger, long finger, and ring finger; left: thumb, long finger, ring finger, small finger) on both hands for more than 5 years. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detected multiple subungual glomus tumours in the fingertips (right long finger, ring finger, and left thumb, long, ring, and small finger) of both his hands, so the authors conducted tumour resection and sent biopsies for relevant fingers. We found the glomus tumour underneath the nail bed and achieved final diagnosis with histological confirmation. No remnant or newly developed lesion was detected at the 1 year outpatient clinic.Our case differed from the usual multiple glomus tumours because its characteristics were similar to those of a solitary glomus tumour, including the classic symptom triad: severe pain, localised pain, and cold hypersensitivity. In case report, we suggest the possibility that multidigit subungual glomus tumour is different from the common single subungual glomus tumour.Glomustumoren gehen vom Glomusorgan aus. Solitäre Glomustumoren kommen häufig vor, sind schmerzhaft und häufig unter dem Fingernagel lokalisiert, wohingegen multiple Glomustumoren eine seltene klinische und genetische Entität darstellen. Multiple Glomustumoren liegen selten subungual. Sie bevorzugen keine Körperregion. Wir berichten über den seltenen Fall schmerzhafter multipler Glomustumoren an beiden Händen. Ein 34jähriger Mann beklagte Schmerzen an den Fingerbeeren des rechten Daumens, Zeige-, Mittel- und Ringfingers sowie des linken Daumens, Mittel-, Ring- und Kleinfingers seit mehr als 5 Jahren. Nachdem eine Kernspinuntersuchung multiple, subungual gelegene Glomustumoren am rechten Mittel- und Ringfinger sowie am linken Daumen, Mittel-, Ring- und Kleinfinger zeigte, wurden die Tumoren entfernt. Histologisch wurde die Diagnose „multiple Glomustumoren“ bestätigt. Bei der Nachuntersuchung nach einem Jahr ergab sich kein Hinweis auf ein Rezidiv.Unser Fall unterscheidet sich von anderen Fällen mit multiplen Glomustumoren, da er die Charakteristika solitärer Glomustumoren aufwies: starke, klar lokalisierte Schmerzen, Kälteempfindlichkeit.

Extra-adrenal paraganglioma has never been described in the extremities. A 34-year-old woman complained of an enlarging mass in the right forearm for 18 months. Imaging showed a circumscribed vascular tumor attached to the ulnar nerve; biopsy revealed features of paraganglioma. The resected tumor consisted of zellballen pattern of chief cells staining positively for chromogranin with surrounding S100-positive sustentacular cells. The chief cells contained many neurosecretory granules and mitochondria, whereas the sustentacular cells contained a large amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum and some microfilaments. There was adjacent extensive glomus cell hyperplasia and tumorlet formation. The intraoperative blood pressure dropped abruptly on tumor removal. The serum normetanephrine level decreased from a preoperative level of 1987 pg/mL (normal < 149 pg/mL) to normal after operation. The patient admitted on questioning to a history of paroxysmal attacks of transient palpitation, hand tremors, and sweating; imaging showed no evidence of tumor in other parts of the body, and there was no family history of similar tumor; she remained well 33 months after the operation. This occurrence of functional ulnar nerve paraganglioma with the hitherto undescribed associated glomus cell hyperplasia and tumorlet formation attests to the probable existence of normal sympathetic paraganglia in the extremity and their intimate functional relationship with glomus bodies.

A glomus tumor is an uncommon, predominantly benign, neoplastic lesion that primarily involves a thermoregulatory microvascular apparatus, the glomus body. Although these lesions can occur anywhere in the body, the subungual tissue of the hand represents the most common presentation site. Glomus tumors are not often encountered in the foot. Symptoms traditionally include the classic triad of pain, pressure, and cold sensitivity. This case report describes a variant location for a glomus tumor in the subcuticular tissue adjacent to the medial middle phalanx of the second toe. The nonsubungual location for this presentation should prompt the inclusion of glomus tumor in a digital soft-tissue lesion differential diagnosis. The lesion was excised surgically and was subsequently diagnosed histopathologically as a glomus tumor.

Glomus tumors are hamartomas, which tend to occur in sites rich in glomus bodies, such as the subungual regions of digits or the deep dermis of the palm, wrist, forearm, and foot. Very rarely, they may involve peripheral nerves. We describe a patient, who, following surgical resection of a solitary glomus tumor of the left distal sciatic nerve in his teens, had recurrence with development of multiple tumors in the course of the nerve over several years. To our knowledge, this is the only known case of glomangiomatosis involving a major peripheral nerve.

Glomus tumors are rare hamartomas that originate from the glomus body. These tumors can be divided into solitary and multiple, the latter also known as glomangioma. We report the case of two patients with a rare variety of glomangioma called congenital plaque-like glomangioma. It presents as numerous red to bluish compressible papules, that increase in size in proportion with the weight and height growth of the child. Diagnostic confirmation is with histopathology and the treatment is surgical.

Glomus tumors are glomus body neoplasms that most commonly occur in the subungual areas of the hand, typically characterized by small nodules associated with localized tenderness, cold sensitivity, and excruciating paroxysmal pain. Extradigital glomus tumors can present a diagnostic challenge because they are rare and usually accompanied by nonspecific symptoms. Intravenous origin of the glomus tumor, especially in the wrist, is much rarer. The authors here report an intravenous glomus tumor of the wrist presented with atypical features such as insensitivity to cold and a history of long-term pain, which led to the misdiagnosis of the lesion as extensor tendonitis. Following the excision of the tumor mass, the patient's pain completely disappeared and no further pain was reported afterward. As a result, the authors suggest a more careful workup for the correct diagnosis of glomus tumors with such atypical manifestations. They also suggest considering intravenous glomus tumor in the differential diagnosis of a chronic wrist pain.

Background Glomus tumors (GTs) are rare mesenchymal neoplastic lesions derived from cells of the glomus body. GTs rarely occurs in the visceral organs, where there may be few or no glomus bodies, and the majority of GTs are benign, rarely demonstrating aggressive or malignant behavior and histological features. Case summary We report a patient with malignant GTs of the intestinal ileum with multiorgan metastases who was admitted due to moderate anemia. Capsule endoscopy revealed a bleeding mass in the intestinal ileum, and the patient underwent segmental ileal resection through laparoscopic surgery. The histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnoses were consistent with malignant GT. Long-term follow-up showed that the GT had metastasized to multiple organs such as the colon, brain, and possibly the lung. Conclusion This case was characterized by the highest degree of malignancy and by multiorgan metastases, and it was the first case of intestinal GT uncovered by capsule endoscopy.

The cells in glomus body regulate blood flow to the skin and play a role in temperature regulation. Glomuvenous malformations (GVMs), previously reported in literature as glomus tumors or glomangiomas, are usually present in the nail bed. In 1972, Carroll and Berman described the triad of paroxysmal stabbing pain, point tenderness, and cold hypersensitivity associated with these malformations.We present an unusual case of GVM in the neck of a 17-year-old female presenting with a painful right-sided neck mass. Physical examination revealed an approximately 2.5 × 2 cm right-sided tender neck mass; pain was exacerbated by probing with a pinhead. Computed tomography identified multiple rounded masses in the neck, with the delayed contrast filling. The patient underwent excisional biopsy of the lesion and samples were sent for histopathological examination.The histopathology report, along with the radiological findings and the clinical presentation, confirmed the diagnosis of GVM. The patient remained symptom-free on long-term follow-up.Despite absence of previous reports, GVM can occur in neck. Surgical excision can lead to complete resolution of symptoms.

Glomus tumor is a benign neoplasm composed of a perivascular proliferation of glomic cells that resembles the normal glomus body. Usually, it appears as a solitary, symptomatic small blue-red nodule, located in the deep dermis or subcutis of upper or lower extremities of young to middle-aged adults. Cases affecting the oral cavity are very rare, with only 23 well-documented cases reported in the English-language literature. Herein, we present a rare case of glomus tumor of the upper lip, and review the literature of cases involving the mouth. Resumo Tumor glômico é uma neoplasia benigna composta de uma proliferação perivascular de células glômicas que lembram o corpo glômico normal. Usualmente, ele se apresenta como um nódulo pequeno, solitário, sintomático e azul-avermelhado, localizado na derme profunda ou subcutânea de extremidades superiores ou inferiores de adultos jovens e de meia-idade. Casos afetando a cavidade oral são muito raros, com apenas 23 casos bem documentados relatados na literatura de língua Inglesa. A seguir, nós apresentamos um caso raro de tumor glômico do lábio superior, e revisão da literatura dos casos envolvendo a boca.