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Abstract Background Globorisk is one of the prediction tools for 10-year risk assessment of cardiovascular disease, featuring an office-based (non-laboratory-based) version. This version does not require laboratory tests for determining the CVD risk. The present study aims to determine the 10-year CVD risk using the office-based Globorisk model and factors associated with the 10-year CVD risk. Methods In this study, baseline data from 6810 individuals participating in the Fasa cohort study, with no history of CVD or stroke, were utilized. The risk equation of the office-based Globorisk model incorporates age, sex, systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass index (BMI), and smoking status. The Globorisk model categorizes the risk into three groups: low risk (

Background: Globorisk is one of the prediction tools for 10-year risk assessment of cardiovascular disease, featuring an office-based (non-laboratory-based) version. This version does not require laboratory tests for determining the CVD risk. The present study aims to determine the 10-year CVD risk using the office-based Globorisk model and factors associated with the 10-year CVD risk. Methods: In this study, baseline data from 6810 individuals participating in the Fasa cohort study, with no history of CVD or stroke, were utilized. The risk equation of the office-based Globorisk model incorporates age, sex, systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass index (BMI), and smoking status. The Globorisk model categorizes the risk into three groups: low risk (< 10%), moderate risk (10% to < 20%), and high risk (≥ 20%). To identify factors associated with the 10-year CVD risk, the predicted risk was categorized into two groups: <10% and ≥ 10%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to determine factors associated with an increased CVD risk. Results: According to the 10-year CVD risk categorization, 78.3%, 16.4%, and 5.3% of men were in the low, moderate, and high risk groups, respectively, while 85.8%, 10.0%, and 4.2%, of women were in the respective risk groups. Multivariable logistic regression results indicated that in men, the 10-year CVD risk decreases with being an opium user, and increases with being illiterate, having abdominal obesity, and low or moderate physical activity compared to high physical activity. In women, being married, and higher fiber consumption decrease the 10-year CVD risk, while being illiterate, low or moderate physical activity compared to high physical activity, having abdominal obesity, opium use, and being in wealth quintiles 1 to 4 compared to quintile 5 increase the risk. Conclusions: Considering the factors associated with increased CVD risk, there is a need to enhance awareness and modify lifestyle to mitigate and reduce the risk of CVD. Additionally, early identification of individuals at moderate to high risk is essential for preventing disease progression. The use of the office-based Globorisk model can be beneficial in settings where resources are limited for determining the 10-year CVD risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) account for over three-quarters of all deaths taking place in developing nations. Objective: The present study aims to stratify noncommunicable disease (NCD) patients using the Globorisk chart for predicting their 10-year risk of a major (fatal or nonfatal) CVD event and to estimate the level of agreement between this country-specific chart and the existing World Health Organization (WHO)/International Society of Hypertension (ISH) risk strata. Methods: A record-based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in 2018 among adults attending the NCD clinic of one rural and one urban primary health center in Puducherry. Laboratory and office risk calculators of the Globorisk chart were used to calculate the risk. Results: The median age (interquartile range (IQR)) of the 760 study participants was 58 (50--65) years. When calculated using the Globorisk prediction chart, 22.1% (n = 168) of the participants had a <10% risk for any CVD event in the next 10 years, whereas the same risk was found in 71.1% (n = 540) by using the WHO/ISH risk chart. There was no agreement found between the two risk charts (k = 0.0174; P-value = 0.26). Conclusion: The Globorisk chart was found to identify more patients as belonging to the higher risk category as compared to WHO/ISH charts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Globorisk is a novel risk prediction model for predicting cardiovascular disease (CVD). Globorisk is a country-specific risk prediction model that determines CVD risk for all countries. This model has two versions; laboratory-based and office-based. This study aimed to determine the agreement between laboratory-based and office-based models in a large sample of the general population. Methods Baseline data from the Fasa cohort study was used for the current study. In total, 6810 participants ≥ 40 years without any history of cardiovascular disease or stroke were included in the study. To determine the laboratory-based risk model, factors include age, sex, current smoking status, history of diabetes, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and total cholesterol. To estimate the office-based risk model, factors were age, sex, current smoking status, SBP, and body mass index (BMI). Kappa statistics was used to distinguish the agreement between grouped scores in these two models. Additionally, correlation coefficients and scatter plots were used to determine the linear correlation between the two models. Results In this study 46.53% of the participants were men. The mean age (SD) of participants was 51.08 (7.88) years. Agreements between the two models were moderate and substantial in all women and all men, respectively. The agreement between the two CVD risk groups was 90.15% (kappa = 0.717) in all men, 92.94% (kappa = 0.571) among men aged 60 years (r = 0.94). Among all women, there was a very strong positive correlation (r = 0.87), and the strong positive correlation remained among 60 years old (r = 0.76). Conclusion The Globorisk office-based model which is easier to use as it does not require blood testing can determine the risk groups in this population. The Globorisk office-based model may be used for CVD risk screening in low-middle income countries where resources are limited.

Background: Globorisk is a novel risk prediction model for predicting cardiovascular disease (CVD). Globorisk is a country-specific risk prediction model that determines CVD risk for all countries. This model has two versions; laboratory-based and office-based. This study aimed to determine the agreement between laboratory-based and office-based models in a large sample of the general population.Methods: Baseline data from the Fasa cohort study was used for the current study. In total, 6810 participants ≥ 40 years without any history of cardiovascular disease or stroke were included in the study. To determine the laboratory-based risk model, factors include age, sex, current smoking status, history of diabetes, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and total cholesterol. To estimate the office-based risk model, factors were age, sex, current smoking status, SBP, and body mass index (BMI). Kappa statistics was used to distinguish the agreement between grouped scores in these two models. Additionally, correlation coefficients and scatter plots were used to determine the linear correlation between the two models.Results: In this study 46.53% of the participants were men. The mean age (SD) of participants was 51.08 (7.88) years. Agreements between the two models were moderate and substantial in all women and all men, respectively. The agreement between the two CVD risk groups was 90.15% (kappa = 0.717) in all men, 92.94% (kappa = 0.571) among men aged < 60 years and 77.60% (kappa = 0.645) in men aged ≥ 60 years. The agreement between the two CVD risk groups was 86.68% (kappa = 0.572) among all women, 93.96% (kappa = 0.274) among women aged < 60 years and 62.46% (kappa = 0.422) among women aged ≥ 60 years. A very strong positive correlation (r = 0.94) was found between the two risk scores in all men, and it was similar among men aged < 60 years (r = 0.84) and men aged > 60 years (r = 0.94). Among all women, there was a very strong positive correlation (r = 0.87), and the strong positive correlation remained among < 60 years old (r = 0.76) and women > 60 years old (r = 0.76).Conclusion: The Globorisk office-based model which is easier to use as it does not require blood testing can determine the risk groups in this population. The Globorisk office-based model may be used for CVD risk screening in low-middle income countries where resources are limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Globorisk is a well-validated risk prediction model that predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the national population of all countries. We aim to apply the Globorisk calculator and provide the overall, sex-specific, ethnic-specific, region-specific, and state-specific 10-year risk for CVD among Malaysian adults. Materials and Methods: Using Malaysia's risk factor levels and CVD event rates, we calculated the laboratory-based and office-based risk scores to predict the 10-year risk for fatal CVD and fatal plus non-fatal CVD for the Malaysian adult population. We analysed data from 8253 participants from the 2015 nationwide Malaysian National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS 2015). The average risk for the 10-year fatal and fatal plus non-fatal CVD was calculated, and participants were further grouped into four categories: low risk (<10% risk for CVD), high risk A (≥10%), high risk B (≥20%), and high risk C (≥30%). Results: Results were reported for all participants and were then stratified by sex, ethnicity, region, and state. The average risks for laboratory-based fatal CVD, laboratory-based fatal plus non-fatal CVD, and office-based fatal plus non-fatal CVD were 0.07 (SD = 0.10), 0.14 (SD = 0.12), and 0.11 (SD = 0.09), respectively. Conclusions: There were substantial differences in terms of the sex-, ethnicity- and state-specific Globorisk risk scores obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Introduction Risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among postmenopausal Bangladeshi women has not yet been evaluated using a country‐specific tool. Hence, we prompted to estimate the risk and identify the predictors that were not typically included in any CVD risk assessment tool. Methods This cross‐sectional study used a web version of country‐specific lab‐based Globorisk calculator to estimate the risk of CVD among 265 postmenopausal women who visited a primary healthcare centre in a rural area of Bangladesh. The centre was selected purposively and the participants were recruited using a convenient sampling technique. Data were collected using a modified STEP‐wise approach to surveillance of non‐communicable disease risk factors questionnaire of the World Health Organization. The risk levels were presented using descriptive statistics and the associated predictors were identified using adjusted multiple linear regression analysis. Results Overall, 56.7% of the subjects were identified as ‘at risk’ of future CVD events. After adjusting the confounders, CVD risk factors including age of onset of menopause (β = 0.441, p

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of mortality worldwide. In women, its incidence increases at the sixth decade of life, coinciding with postmenopause. Whether this effect is due to menopause-related hormonal changes is not known., Objective: To evaluate the differences in cardiovascular risk in pre- and postmenopausal women by means of the Globorisk risk scale, the triglyceride/high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (Tg/HDL-C) ratio and metabolic syndrome (MS) criteria., Method: Cross-sectional study that included 408 women from 40 to 60 years of age; anthropometric measurements and biochemical determinations were performed. The participants were classified as premenopausal and postmenopausal. Cardiovascular risk was assessed using the MS criteria, the Globorisk risk calculator and the Tg/HDL-C ratio., Results: Postmenopausal women showed a significant increase in waist circumference, total cholesterol and triglycerides in comparison with premenopausal women. Significant associations were found between hormonal state and Globorisk measured cardiovascular risk (OR = 2.50; 95 % CI = 1.67-3.74) and the Tg/HDL-C ratio (OR = 1.66; 95 % CI = 1.09-2.52)., Conclusion: Cardiovascular risk factors have a higher prevalence in postmenopause. The Globorisk scale and Tg/HDL-C ratio identify cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women., (Copyright: © 2018 SecretarÍa de Salud.)

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of mortality worldwide. In women, its incidence increases at the sixth decade of life, coinciding with postmenopause. Whether this effect is due to menopause-related hormonal changes is not known., Objective: To evaluate the differences in cardiovascular risk in pre- and postmenopausal women by means of the Globorisk risk scale, the triglyceride/high-density lipoproteinsHDL cholesterol (Tg/HDL-C) ratio and metabolic syndrome (MS) criteria., Method: Cross-sectional study that included 408 women from 40 to 60 years of age; anthropometric measurements and biochemical determinations were performed. The participants were classified as premenopausal and postmenopausal. Cardiovascular risk was assessed using the MS criteria, the Globorisk risk calculator and the Tg/HDL-C ratio., Results: Postmenopausal women showed a significant increase in waist circumference, total cholesterol and triglycerides Tg in comparison with premenopausal women. Significant associations were found between hormonal state and Globorisk-measured cardiovascular risk (OR = 2.50; 95 % CI = 1.67-3.74) and the Tgtriglyceride/HDL-C ratio (OR = 1.66; 95 % CI = 1.09-2.52)., Conclusion: Cardiovascular risk factors have a higher prevalence in postmenopause. The Globorisk scale and Tg/HDL-C ratio identify cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women., (Copyright: © 2018 SecretarÍa de Salud.)