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Current definitions of sustainability and sustainable development are problematic. They reinforce the dominant capitalist paradigm of economic growth as a goal—a system which has contributed in no uncertain terms to the current state of the planet—and they exclude animals as moral entities. We propose that sustainability is primarily an ethical issue which connects people, the planet on which we live, and the animals and other organisms which inhabit it. Our definition of sustainability states that in all decisions and actions on any scale, from the individual to the institutional, we should minimise our immediate and future negative impact on humans, other animals, and the planet, while simultaneously maximising our positive impacts on these domains. We take an interdisciplinary approach in discussing trade-offs between these three broad interests, providing a rationale for adopting this more inclusive definition at every level of society. Our definition calls for a normative shift in discussions around sustainability, one of which is more inclusive of the animals and other organisms with which we share the planet. We believe that the paper forms a strong and coherent foundation for policy and communication about sustainability going forward.

There are no Saalian Stage pollen records in Northwest Europe that not only cover an entire interglacial complex but also have been successfully correlated down to marine isotope substage level. The presented pollen record fills this knowledge gap. Three pollen sequences, sampled from a well-preserved Saalian Stage river terrace near Brussels (Belgium), together span most of an interglacial complex: two interglacial cycles and one interstadial separated by colder intervals. To date the pollen data, the authors present a multi-proxy supported river evolution model through which the correlation of the pollen record with the penultimate interglacial complex (Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 7) becomes apparent. The authors further illustrate homotaxis—defined as the similarity between pollen diagrams that are not necessarily contemporaneous—by comparing MIS 7 with MIS 5 pollen data from the same area, convincingly curve-match the pollen record with marine isotope data, and point to similarities between Southern and Northwest European vegetation dynamics and climate variability during MIS 7.

Financial advisers recommend a diverse portfolio to respond to market fluctuations across sectors. Similarly, nature has evolved a diverse portfolio of species to maintain ecosystem function amid environmental fluctuations. In urban planning, public health, transport and communications, food production, and other domains, however, this feature often seems ignored. As we enter an era of unprecedented turbulence at the planetary level, we argue that ample responses to this new reality — that is, response diversity — can no longer be taken for granted and must be actively designed and managed. We describe here what response diversity is, how it is expressed and how it can be enhanced and lost.

This paper addresses the nineteenth-century genesis of the urban flora in Bogotá and Medellín. Using historical evidence, it explores how these two Colombian cities turned into floristic islands different from their nearby environments. This study shows how the uniqueness of the urban flora responds to a historical accumulation of species followed by an increase of the botanical repertoire of the cities. This enrichment of plants was accompanied with new human-plant interactions based on disciplined behaviours implemented by the emergent urban elite. Through organisations such as the Embellishment Society of Bogotá, these elites established mechanisms of green proselytising to solve conflict between people and plants that unfolded in the recently opened parks and gardens. By opening a dialogue between urban, landscape and ethnobotanical studies, this paper explores an integrative approach towards the plants in cities, showing how the urban nature in highly biodiverse cities is a historical process not free of conflicts and negotiations between humans and photosynthetic organisms.

As scholars from the fields of history, anthropology and animal studies, as well as landscape planning and management, we discuss various forms of urban and urbanising infrastructures and their political entanglements. Questioning and illuminating how various actors and their practices build and shape urban environments, we address topics ranging from the black soldier fly - used as biotechnological infrastructure to manage waste - to other nonhumans, like macaques -developing and negotiating their own urbanisms; from plants and community gardens - used as green infrastructures to provide shade and food, and social infrastructures to endure and resist - to the transportation infrastructures that humans have built to both segregate and divide, as well as to live and unite. In case studies situated across the world, we present different conceptualisations of infrastructures as complex human-nonhuman co-productions that shape the modern city.

The layout of the contemporary Armenian capital Yerevan is based on a 1924 master plan by the Soviet Armenian architect Alexander Tamanyan, who was inspired by the English concept of the 'garden city'. Still, the city has a much longer 'green tradition' that is documented for pre-Soviet times and might reach back to - or at least allude to - the parks and gardens of ancient Mesopotamia. In this article, we give insights into this local green tradition. First, we describe the changing attitude towards the city and urban green space and the city's and city dwellers' changing relationship to nature more generally. We then introduce the Cascade, a Soviet fountain structure, as an example to illustrate some of the recent developments and to map out the tangible and intangible links with the ancient past. Finally, building on our interpretation of the ancient and recent past of Yerevan, we make some suggestions for how to (re)turn the Cascade into a green project that is both traditional and at the same time modern.

This empirical study tried to understand the effects of over-the-top (OTT) streaming platforms on the Indian film industry. The paper analyzes the impact of OTT on both users and technicians of the film industry, highlighting both positive and negative effects. The objective of the study is to explore the changes in the film industry because of the rise in OTT platforms. The methodology of the research involved sending a questionnaire to 100 individuals, which included both users and technicians of the Indian film industry. The sampling techniques used in the study were convenience sampling and snowball sampling. The data collected through the questionnaire was analyzed using statistical tools to get meaningful insights. The study found that the introduction of OTT platforms has led to a significant change in the Indian film industry. While it has provided a platform for small-budget films and new talent, it has also led to concerns about censorship and revenue loss for traditional distribution channels. The study also found that the viewing habits of users have changed, and they now prefer to consume content on their own terms, rather than following traditional schedules and methods. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the effects of OTT platforms on the Indian film industry. The findings of this study can be used by industry to make informed decisions about the future of the film industry in the digital age.

Since the last deglaciation, Baffin Bay between Greenland and Canada developed from an isolated marginal sea to a major Arctic-Atlantic throughflow closely linked to the North Atlantic circulation. While the initial steps of gateway openings through Lancaster Sound and Nares Strait to northern Baffin Bay are reasonably well documented, far less is known about related regional deglacial-to-Holocene changes in sediment sources and depositional processes due to a lack of continuous and well-dated paleoenvironmental records from northern Baffin Bay. Sedimentological, mineralogical, and radiogenic isotope data of the well-dated sediment core GeoB22336-4 from the mouth of Lancaster Sound provide new insights on the impacts of ice-sheet retreat and opening of the gateways to the Arctic Ocean on the depositional setting. Basal subglacial till deposits point to a grounded ice stream at the mouth of Lancaster Sound before ∼14.5 ka BP. Subsequent glaciomarine sedimentation is characterized by the input of ice-rafted detritus (IRD), bioturbation traces, and foraminifera shells. Decreasing sediment supply and input of IRD through time reflects a period of ice-sheet recession to predominantly land-terminating positions during the Early Holocene. Changes in radiogenic isotope signatures reveal the openings of Lancaster Sound between ∼10.4 and 9.9 ka BP and of Nares Strait between 8.5 and 8.2 ka BP, in alignment with earlier studies. The rapid mid-Holocene (up to ∼5.8 ka BP) deposition of fine-grained sediments is most likely caused by enhanced sea ice-rafted sediment input released under a strong West Greenland Current influence. Finally, a slight increase in IRD input during the last ∼2 ka BP is linked to the neoglacial re-advance of regional glaciers.

One and six times. More-than-human time, deep time, past and future time, time control(led), waiting time, imagined time, before and after. One and six times - one and many times. One in multiple layers of (inter-)disciplinary vantage points on urban time(s) from a historian, an archaeologist, a geoscientist, an architect, a landscape architect, an urban planner. We cannot ever deal with only one time. We will always be faced with the challenge of integrating the geological and the biological, the historical human and more-than-human, the artefact and the material, the simultaneity of before and after, of experience and expectation, into one, very subjective and ever-changing, urban experience as we walk, breathe, live and study the city. Any city.

The threat of the global climate crisis demands improvement and adjustment from various sides, including the financial sector. Islamic finance responds to environmental responsibility by presenting environmentally friendly financing products in green sukuk. This study aims to show the development trend of the number of publications in green sukuk and systematize the results of studies that explain the development and evaluation of the emergence of green sukuk investments. This study analyzed 15 publications on green sukuk during the 2016-2022 years indexed by the Scopus database. As for methodology, the descriptive analysis was used to explain the green sukuk data quantitatively; the synthesis analysis was used to describe data based on four directions (the development of models (10 sources), opportunities (12 sources), challenges (12 sources), and evaluations of green sukuk (10 sources). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses standard were used to choose samples for this investigation. The green sukuk challenge is dealing with the sukuk market after the pandemic. Several evaluation findings regarding managing commitment from the government and investors for the renewable energy sector and efforts to provide low-cost sukuk financing and risk minimization are found. Green sukuk demands efficient management to be more viable, competitive, and attractive to investors if the operational area supports it. Green sukuk projects face expanding green funding, global climate financing, managing renewable energy, and validating greenhouse gas emissions. The green stock market reaction requires coordination amongst economic subsectors.

In recent years, education has become especially related to the applications provided by artificial intelligence technology through a digital environment that includes a set of tools that assist in processing and storing information. Artificial intelligence techniques contribute to the development of students' skills by providing them with advanced scientific content and building their mental capabilities faster. Moreover, these techniques support analysing student data and suggest suitable educational materials and activities for them. Artificial intelligence is a noteworthy tool for the growth of distance education, especially after the development of expert systems that have become a human advisor in many domains, as this leads to the development of education systems that adjust the level of difficulty of materials based on the student’s performance in the electronic classroom, which ensures that the student continues in education and is not frustrated. This article will review the influential role of artificial intelligence applications in growing distance learning, improving the quality of education, and making it an adaptable and practical environment for students.

Fiscal multipliers have been a core issue for the effectiveness of fiscal policy. During the financial economic crisis of 2007–8 there has been a revival of interest in re-estimating the size of the multipliers. Empirical literature showed that fiscal multipliers are dependent either on structural characteristics of the economy (exchange rate regime, openness, etc.), or on business cycles or on fiscal characteristics (level of debt, the choice between expenditures and taxes, etc.) of the economies. The aim of this paper is to contribute to this discussion by developing a VAR model to compute the effects of fiscal policy to output for the 19 member states of EMU for the period 2002-2019. Controlling for size of the countries, level of Debt to GDP ratio and openness. Based on these findings we will discuss the difficulties of fiscal consolidation in EMU economies. We argue that EMU is facing a deadlock, the necessity of fiscal consolidation on the one hand and the unavoidable risk of uneven results of fiscal contraction in the member states due to different size of multipliers on the other hand. The only alternative for EMU is to take a step forward towards a fiscal union. In this case fiscal policy should be balance different political priorities and preferences and at the same time be timely and effective. JEL classification numbers: F35, O53. Keywords: Fiscal policy, European Monetary Union, debt, Fiscal cooperation, Fiscal multipliers.

The results of a 3-year tracking of a common crane equipped with a GPS-GSM transmitter have made it possible to better understand the geographical connectivity, migration routes, and key sites of summer stays and migration stopovers of individuals of this species that nest in the center of the European part of Russia. Flyways and wintering sites have been traced and key and short-term migration stopovers have been identified in the arid areas of Ukraine, Turkey, Israel, and Ethiopia. It has been established that the crane used different wintering grounds in different years. It has been revealed that immature cranes of the Dubna premigratory gathering (Moscow Region) can use areas where other premigratory gatherings are formed, in particular, in Smolensk Region. Successful nesting of a common crane at the age of 3 years noticed. published

The genus Bazzania іs the largest worldwide genus in the family Lepidoziaceae (Marchantiophyta) (Gradstein, 2017). Genus can be differentiated by a number of features such as dichotomously branched plants, long flagelliform branch arising from underleaves, 2–3-toothed leaf apex, ventralleaves arelarge,lateral leaves arranged incubous. Some of the morphological characters can be variable depending on the environment factors such as light intensity and humidity (Gradstein, 2017; Нипорко, 2004). In The Second checklist of Bryobionta of Ukraine (Boiko, 2014) genus represented by two species: B. trilobata (L.) Gray, B. tricrenata (Wahlenb.) Lindb. Mentioned from: zone of deciduous forests (nemoral zone) and Carpathian mountain region (Ivano-Frankivska, Chernivetska, Zakarpatska, Lvivska State Provinces). In the collection of the State Museum of Natural History, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (SMNH) are stored 61 specimens of 6 species collected in western part of Ukraine and Russia. The illustrated catalog of this species (B. trilobata (L.) Gray, B. tricrenata (Wahlenb.) Lindb, B. denudata (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Trevis., B. ovifolia (Stephani) S. Hatt., B.tridens (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Trevis., B. yoshinagana (Steph.) Yasuda) is presented below. Species redefinition was not carried out. Sample labels present in the original form. The name of the species of B. albicans Stephani is indicated as B. tridens (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Trevis. according to the accepted nomenclature (Нипорко, 2004). The findings are collected by the following collectors K.O. Ulychna, D.K. Zerov, M.P. Slobodian, Pavliv, Mryts, A. Savytska in the period of ~1930 – first half of XI century.

Rhysodinae is a subfamily in the family Carabidae with 19 genera and at least 380 described species. Genus Rhysodes native to the Palearctic (including Europe) and the Near East. Rhysodes sulcatus (Fabricius, 1787) distributed in Central, Southern and Eastern Europe (Spain (Pyrenees), France, Italy, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Poland, Czechia, Slovakia, Romania, Bulgaria, countries of the former Yugoslavia, mountain part of Greece, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, Belarus and Russia), Asia Minor, the Caucasus and Western Siberia (Крыжановский, 1983; Sienkiewicz, 2004, 2012). The wrinkled bark beetle Rhysodes sulcatus (Fabricius, 1787) (Coleoptera, Carabidae) is an endangered saproxylic beetle listed in the European Habitats Directive (annex II of Council Directive 92/43/EEC), in the Bern Convention (Annex II) and is also listed in the IUCN red list of Threatened species (Nieto, Alexander, 2010; Méndez, Dodelin, Petrakis, Schlaghamersky, Nardi, 2010), classified as EN (Endangered) in the EU 27 and as DD (Data Deficient) for the whole continent. It is considered a relict of primeval forests and belongs among the most threatened saproxylic beetles in Europe (Мателешко, 2003, 2005; Kostanjsek, Sebek, Baranova, Jalaska, Riedl, Cizek, 2018; Mazzei, Audisio, Vigna Taglianti, Brandmayr, 2019). Included in the Red Data Book of Poland (Sienkiewicz, 2004). In the Red Data Book of Ukraine the species were listed in 2021 with vulnerable status (Наказ…, 2021). Before that the species were included in the Red Data Book of the Ukrainian Carpathians (Мателешко, 2011). At the regional level Rhysodes sulcatus (Fabricius, 1787) is protected in the Kharkiv oblast (province) (Різун, 2010). In Ukraine Rhysodes sulcatus (Fabricius, 1787) occurs in the Ukrainian Carpathians, in Polissia region, in the Kharkivska oblast (province) and in the Crimean Mountains. The analysis shows that the presence of the beetle is affected mainly by the diameter of dead wood as well as its humidity, as Rhysodes sulcatus (Fabricius, 1787) was almost exclusively found in large, moist and well rotten fallen logs with a diameter greater than 60 cm. The collection of the State Museum of Natural History, National Academy of Sciences in Lviv contains 12 specimens of this species. Five of them are collected in South-Eastern part of Poland, six in Western part of Ukraine and one has an undefined location. Ten specimens were collected in the period from the second half of the 19th century to 1939, and two beetles in 1987 (Poland) and 2016 in Lviv oblast (province) (Ukraine). Identified collectors were I. Verkhratskyi, ?M. Łomnicki, T. Trella, A. Stöckl, D. Kubisz, V. Rizun.

Asplenium viride Huds. is known as “the Green Spleenwort, because of its green stipes and rachides. This feature easily distinguishes this species from the very similar-looking Maidenhair Spleenwort, Asplenium trichomanes. A. viride is a native species of northern and western North America and northern Europe and Asia. It is a grassy winter-green perennial, growing on calcareous rock. Asplenium viride – circumpolar boreal species. Its habitats are timed to petrophilic communities on the mesic to moist crevices in limestone and other basic rocks from the lowland and steppe to subalpine zones (up to 4,000 m above sea level). In Ukraine this species occurs mainly in Carpathians and Crimean Mountains, and also known from Roztochchia nature region (Безсмертна, Перегрим, Вашека, 2011, Вашека, Безсмертна, 2012). Outside Ukraine the species has nature protection status in Lithuania and Russian Federation (Nizhny Novgorod region). In addition A. viride is species requiring protection at the regional level for Lviv region with nature protection status as critically endangered species (CR) (Кагало, Сичак, 2014). There are 67 herbarium specimens of A. viride in the collection of vascular plants herbarium of Museum, they are all represented in the electronic database "Biodiversity of Ukraine". Geography of herbarium collections of A. viride, except modern territory of Ukraine (Zakarpattia, Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv, Chernivtsi region), presented by Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania and Russian Federation (North Ossetia). Chronology of collections of herbarium embraces the period from 1860 to 2009 years. Thus the oldest specimens (second half of ХІХ– beginning of ХХ century) are collected on territory of Poland, Slovakia and Romania. The list of collectors includes 30 persons, in particular: L. Tasienkevych (9 specimens), G. Kozii (7), А. Rehman (5), K. Malynovskyi (4), I. Vainahii (3), W. Dzieduszycki (3), A. Lazebna (3), M. Slobodian (3) and others. Based on literature analysis (Andrzejowski, 1869, Rehman, 1870, Tomaschek, 1862, 1866, Trusz, 1881, 1882 etc.) revealed links about findings of A. viride (Kulczyński, Kozikowski, Wilczyński, 1926), which are confirmed by herbarium specimens in Museum collection.

Brown lacewings (Hemerobiidae) are a family of insects belonging to the order Neuroptera. Hemerobiidae is a family of Neuropteran insects, commonly known as brown lacewings, comprising approximately 500 species across 28 genera. While some genera, such as Hemerobius, Micromus, Sympherobius, and Wesmaelius, are widely distributed, most are confined to a specific biogeographical region. Like chrysopids, hemerobiids are predators, feeding primarily on aphids both as larvae and adults (Aspöcket al., 2016). The genus Wesmaelius is widely distributed in Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America and has a diversity of species in the temperate regions of North America and Eurasia. Presently, about sixty-five species are recorded in the world (Aspöck et al., 1980; Makarkin, 1986, 1996; Klimaszewski, Kevan, 1987), with ten specie srecorded from Ukraine (Zakharenko, 1997, Serediuk, 2016). Twenty-nine specimens of Wesmaelius, belonging to three species, are stored in the main collection of the museum. All of them were collected and identified by Józef Dziędzielewicz at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century. Wesmaelius (Wesmaelius) concinnus (Stephens, 1836) is a transpalaearctic species. It has been recorded in Ukraine in the central part of the mixed forest zone and in the Carpathians (Ivano-Frankivska and Zakarpatska oblasts). The SMNH collection contains 11 specimens of W. concinnus. Six of them were collected in Lviv in June 1903 in Briukhovychi – four specimens, and one specimen without a specified collection date. One specimen was collected on June 17th in the village of Velykyi Liubin and another on June 19th in Kryvchytsi, in Lvivska oblast. Additionally, there are three W. concinnus specimens collected on June 15th and 17th (year not specified) in Lubaczów, Poland. Wesmaelius (Kimminsia) nervosus (Fabricius, 1793) is a European-West Siberian species. In Ukraine, it is only found in the Carpathian Mountains. Six specimens of W. nervosus are stored in the collection of the SMNH. Four of them were collected in Lviv in May, the year of which is unknown. The fifth specimen was collected on August 3, 1908 near the town of Vorokhta in Ivano-Frankivska oblast. There is no information about the place and date of collection for one more specimen. Wesmaelius (Wesmaelius) quadrifasciatus (Reuter, 1894) is a transpalaearctic species. In Ukraine, it is only known from the Carpathians (Lvivska, Ivano-Frankivska, and Zakarpatska oblasts). The SMNH collection contains 13 specimens of W. quadrifasciatus. Four of them were collected in Lviv (Vulka, Zubra, Stryiskyi park) in May and June 1904-1905 and 1910. Another specimen was collected in Rava-Ruska, Lvivska oblast July 18th, and the year of discovery is unknown. Six specimens were collected in the Ivano-Frankivska oblast. In 1908, two specimens were collected on June 17th in the vicinity of Vorokhta, and another specimen was collected on June 20th of the same year on Mount Rebrovachka. In 1905, one specimen was collected on June 29th in the vicinity of the village Tatariv, and another specimen was collected on July 2nd of the same year in the vicinity of the village of Yablunytsia. Also, there is one specimen in the collection collected in the slope of Mount Khomiak near the village Tatariv on June 12th, 1909. In addition, two specimens of W. quadrifasciatus are from Poland – one collected on July 7th, 1905 in Jasień, and another collected on July 27th, 1909 in the vicinity of Zawoja (Babia Góra Mount).

The genus is distributed in Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia. Almost 50 species are known in the Palearctic (Löbl, Löbl, 2016), 2 of them occur on the territory of Ukraine. Habroloma nanum (Paykull, 1799) is widely distributed in Europe (Löbl, Löbl, 2016). The species is a leaf miner of the Geranium sanguineum (Bílý, 2002). Mentioned from Sambir (Nowicki, 1858, 1864, 1865), Kyiv and Volyn provinces (gubernias) (Hochhuth, 1871, Якобсон, 1905), Galicia (Łomnicki, 1884), Buchach (Łomnicki, 1886), Zarvanytsia (Rybiński, 1903), Hrushka (Gruschkowski Zuckerfabrik in orig.) – Holovanivskyi district, Kirovohradska state province (Pjatakowa, 1930), Uzhhorod (Roubal, 1936, Kaszab, 1940), Burshtyn vicinity (Kasova Mount) (Загайкевич, 1978), Poltava (Kletečka, 2009), Kyiv vicinity, Lviv, NR Medobory (Прохоров, 2010). Habroloma breiti (Obenberger, 1918) is distributed in Ukraine, in the south of the European part of Russia, in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Siberia (Löbl, Löbl, 2016). The species is a leaf miner of the Geranium pratense L. (Прохоров, 2010). Mentioned from Ivano-Frankivsk (as Habroloma nanum) (Łomnicki, 1879), Ivano-Frankivsk vicinity (Zahvizdia) (Kuntze, Noskiewicz, 1938, Загайкевич, 1978), Poltava (Kuntze, Noskiewicz, 1938, Kletečka, 2009), Poltavska, Kharkivska, Luhanska state provinces (Рихтер, 1944), Sumska, Kharkivska, Donetska state provinces (Прохоров, 2010). In the collection of the State Museum of Natural History, National Academy of Scienses of Ukraine (SMNH) are stored 10 specimens of both species collected in Ivano-Frankivska state province and Crimea. The findings are collected by the following collectors M. Łomnicki, I. Zahaikevych, L. Skorobohata in the period of ~1879 – middle of XX century.

Bombus muscorum (Linnaeus, 1758) belongs to the subgenus Thoracobombus and is one of the 40 bumblebee species that occur in Ukraine. This Palaearctic species has been found from Ireland in the west to Mongolia in the east, and from the latitude of Stockholm to Crete. It is generally uncommon to very uncommon in all its continental locations (Rasmont, Iserbyt, 2010–2012). It is very rare south of the latitude 40N. The species has not been observed in many of the locations of west, central and south-east Europe where it occurred one century ago, and considered to be threatened: vulnerable in the IUCN Red List of European Bees (Rasmont et al., 2015). B. muscorum is currently declining where its extinction is projected for the future. It is assumed to have a low dispersal capability. The species queens emerge in late spring, make nests on or under the ground surface and develop small colonies. In Ukraine B. muscorum has patchy distribution and inhabits grasslands in river valleys, water meadows, and wet meadows on the banks of lakes and ponds, rich in forbs containing floral resources, suitable for this species. The species is included into the Red Data Book of Ukraine as rare one. Recently its populations have significantly declined due to loss of natural habitats (Konovalova, 2010). In the entomological collection of the State Museum of Natural History, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 57 specimens of B. muscorum have been deposited. Eight specimens belong to an old historical collection, made between the sixties of the 19-th century and 1939. All were collected in Lvivska and Ternopilska provinces of Ukraine. Judging by the writing style on labels, four of them with high probability were collected by A. Wierzejski, and the remaining four – by J. Snieżek. The recent part of the collection includes specimens, found from 1998 to 2006 in Lvivska, Ternopilska, Volynska, Mykolaivska and Khersonska provinces of Ukraine (fig. 1), and in France (1 spec.). The collection represents the following physiographic regions: FZB: ROp: Roztochchia; FZB: ROp: Opillia; FZB: West Podillia Upland; FZM: Volynske Polissia; SZ: SZN: DnDpL: South Dnipro Upland; SZ: SZS: CBAzL: Syvash-Azov Lowland. The bumblebee specimens were collected by the collectors as follows: O. Holovachov, I. Konovalova, V. Rizun, O. Vovk.

Tribe Odacanthini is a tribe of ground beetles in the family Carabidae subfamily Lebiinae, there are more than 43 genera and 680 described species in Odacanthini (Lorenz, 2021). Genus Odacantha includs 15 extant species known so far. European-Asian genus Odacantha, in Ukraine is represented by single species Odacantha melanura (Linnaeus, 1767). Species distributed in Western Palearctic from medle parts of Spain, Italy and Balkan Peninsula till to southern provinces of Fennoscandia, to East reached Amur River, recorded in Caucasus and Iran (Burakowski et al., 1974). Odacantha melanura (Linnaeus, 1767) is a winged, spring breeder and occurs in the Scirpus, Typha and Phragmites thicketon the banks of reservoirs and bogs (Hůrka, 1996). In Ukraine Odacantha melanura (Linnaeus, 1767) recorded in Podillia (Tovtry ridge, Pantalykhy steppe, Butsyky) (Nowicki, 1864), Horodok vicinity (Malkovychi) (Łomnicki, 1868), Butsyky (Łomnicki, 1870), banks of the Dnipro River near Kyiv (Hochhuth, 1871), Podillia (Nowicki, 1873), Ivano-Frankove (Zalissia) (Król, 1877), Lviv (Vulka near Sobka pond), Ivano-Frankove (Zalissia) (Łomnicki, 1890), Ternopil (Rybiński, 1903), up to Kharkiv and Kherson gubernias (provinces) (Якобсон, 1905), Kamianets-Podilskyi (Якубовский, 1914), Uzhhorod and all Transcarpathians lowland (Roubal, 1930), Crimea (Эйдельберг, Мальцев, Перваков, 1988), Forest (Novgorod-Siverske Polissia) and Forest-steppe zones of Left-Bank Ukraine (Kirichenko, Babko, 2004 (2005)), Mezynskyi National Nature Park (Шешурак, Назаров, 2021). In the collection of the State Museum of Natural History, National Academy of Scienses of Ukraine (SMNH) are stored 19 specimens collected in western part of Ukraine, Poland and Austria. Collection material represents the following physiographic regions: Temprate broad-leaf forests zone: Roztotsko-Opilska Upland oblast (Roztochchia district (9 specimens), Opillia district (1)), West Podillia Upland oblast (3), Ukrainian Carpathians: Ciscarpathians Upland oblast (1). The findings are collected by the following collectors M. Łomnicki, J. Mazurek, dr. Łuczakowski , A. Stöckl, H. Eder, Yu. Polianskyi, A. Winkler, V. Zanko in the period of ~1868 – first half of XX century.

The family of minute tree-fungus beetles has worldwide distributed and has counting about 650 species (Lopes-Andrade, 2011). About 75 species are known for Europe (Królik, 2020), the vast majority of them also occurs in the territory of Ukraine, where the greatest biodiversity is observed in the territory of the Ukrainian Carpathians – 38 species (Drogvalenko, 2008; Diedus, 2020). The family Ciidae is represented by 15 species in the collection of the State Museum of Natural History, National Academy of Scienses of Ukraine (SMNH). The most numerous is the genus Cis, which is represented by eight species: Cis bidentatus (Olivier, 1790) – 3 spec., C. boleti (Scopoli, 1763) – 24 spec., C. castaneus (Herbst, 1793) – 15 spec., C. comptus Gyllenhal, 1827 – 1 spec., C. glabratus Mellié, 1848 – 1 spec., C. lineatocribratus Mellié, 1848 – 1 spec., C. micans (Fabricius, 1792) – 19 spec., C. villosulus (Marsham, 1802) – 2 spec. In five genera we have one species: Dolichocis (D. laricinus (Mellié, 1848) – 2 spec.), Wagaicis (W. wagae (Wankowicz, 1869) – 4 spec.), Orthocis (O. alni (Gyllenhal, 1813) – 2 spec.), Rhopalodontus (R. perforatus (Gyllenhal, 1813) – 9 spec), Octotemnus (O. glabriculus (Gyllenhal, 1827) – 2 spec.) and two species in genus Sulcacis (S. fronticornis (Panzer, 1809) – 2 spec. та S. nitidus (Fabricius, 1792) – 30 spec.). The material of the SMNH collection originates from the territory of Lithuania (seven samples donated by Wankiewicz, which are only known to have been collected before 1886 (Łomnicki, M. 1886), eleven specimens from Poland (Kraków, Puszcza Białowieska, Potok, Strzałków, Załuż) and 172 specimens from western part of Ukraine (Male Polissia (Chornushovychi and Ditkivtsi), Opillia (Monastyryska, Lviv: Pasiky), West Podillia Upland (Tulyn, Buchach), Roztochchia (Lviv itself and its surroundings: Pohulianka, Pasiky, Kryvchytsi, Lysynychi, Znesinnia, Zubra) Volynska Upland (Potorytsia), Ciscarpathians Upland (Drohobych, Kosiv, Ivano-Frankivsk), Margin Gorgany range (Novyi Mizun). 10 specimens of them are collected by J. Mazurek, including such species as C. boleti, C. micans and S. nitidus from Lviv (Pohulianka, Pasiky, Zubra) during the spring-summer period of the beginning of the 20th century (7.04, 19.05, 20.07, 21.07, 13.08). Twenty specimens collected by M. Łomnicki: C. castaneus (Potorytsia, 15.05), C. micans (Kosiv, 19.06), O. alni (Bystrets, 1867.06.28), O. glabriculus (Ivano-Frankivsk, 3.06, Buchach, 2.08). Only one specimen of C. lineatocribratus wich is stored in SMNH was collected by Lgocki in Poland (Potoc). Other specimens have no information about collector.

Previous studies indicate a lack of analysis of pro-environmental behavior adoption in enterprises of various sizes. Very small enterprises, especially in the informal sector, have always been overlooked in the literature, although they are in the majority in most countries. This paper aims to examine the effects of firm size on pro-environmental behavior adoption in Cameroon. The analysis focuses on a sample of 141,926 firms drawn from the Second General Census of Enterprises (RGE-2) in Cameroon (NIS, 2018). The study adopted a statistical and econometrical approach based on the logit model. The results showed that the adoption of pro-environmental behavior increases with firm size. The probability of having a health, safety, and environment system increases by 16.70 points in large enterprises compared to 8.40 points in small enterprises. The probability of having a wastewater management system increases by 5.30 points in large enterprises compared to 2.30 points in small enterprises. The probability of having an air pollution management system increases by 2.20 points in large enterprises compared to 1.50 points in small enterprises. However, company size does not significantly influence the adoption of a solid waste management system. It is recommended to (i) raise awareness among large companies of the challenges of environmental protection and to strengthen controls on compliance with environmental standards, and (ii) to implement actions aimed at the migration of companies from the informal to the formal sector.

Dragonflies of genus Leucorrhinia is commonly called whitefaces because of their distinctive pale frons. Five species of this genus are common in Europe and Ukraine (Dijkstra, 2006). Leucorrhinia albifrons (Burmeister, 1839) in Ukraine recorded from the Volynska oblast (Pisochne Lake) (Павлюк, 1974), Kyiv (Шарлемань Артоболевський, 1915). Natural habitats this species are shrub-dominated wetlands, swamps, intermittent freshwater lakes, and freshwater marshes. Leucorrhinia caudalis (Charpentier, 1840) in Ukraine recorded from Volynska oblast (Berestechko, Lutsk, Radekhiv, Chorne and Pisochne Lakes) (Павлюк, 1974), Ivano-Frankivskska oblast (Lisova Slobidka, Verkhnii Maidan) (Dziędzielewicz, 1890, 1902, 1904, 1919), Kyiv (Шарлемань Артоболевський, 1915; Горб, 1991), Lvivska oblast (Peniaky, Drohobych, Lviv, Rava-Ruska, Ivano-Frankove, Riasne) (Dziędzielewicz, 1890, 1902, 1904, 1919), Poltavska oblast (Poltava) (Артоболевський, 1923, 1929), Rivnenska oblast (Reshutsk) (Pavlyuk, 1990), Ternopilska oblast (Bilche-Zolote), (Fudakowski), Lyshnia (Павлюк, 1990). Its natural habitats are swamps and freshwater lakes. Leucorrhinia dubia (Van der Linden, 1825) range extends from Western Europe to Japan, and it is commonly found in western, northern and eastern Europe at higher altitudes, but is rare in Southern Europe and the United Kingdom (Atlas, 2015). In Ukraine species recorded from Transcarpathia (near Hutyn Mt., Chornohora range), (Frivaldszky, 1875; Fudakowski, 1935), Kyiv (Артоболевський, 1927). Leucorrhinia pectoralis Charpentier, 1825 occurs from Western Siberia to France (Parr, 2013). In Ukraine species recorded in Polissia, Western Forest-Steppe, Transcarpathia, Zhytomyrska, Kyivska, Chernihivska, Poltavska, Kharkivska and Khersonska oblasts (Горб та ін. 2000). Leucorrhinia rubicunda (Linnaeus, 1758) in Ukraine recorded from Western Forest-Steppe zone, Ciscarpathians, Zhytomyrska, Kyivska, Chernihivska and Lvivska oblasts (Горб та ін., 2000). In the collection of the State Museum of Natural History, National Academy of Scienses of Ukraine are stored 4 species collected in Western part of Ukraine and Poland.

Currently, modern cats (Felidae) are divided into 8 lineages (phylogenetic lines), which include 14 genera and approximately 40 modern species (Загороднюк та ін., 2022). The cat collection of the State Museum of Natural History NASU, like all vertebrate collections, has a regional character, therefore it is represented by only two species: European wildcat – Felis silvestris Schreber, 1775 and Eurasian lynx – Lynx lynx (Linnaeus, 1758). The collection has been filled since the foundation of the Didushytskyi Museum, the heir of which is a modern museum, that is, from the middle of the 19th century. According to the method of making, the collection consists of stuffed animals (25), skulls (10) and skins (2). It consists of 37 samples (20 of European wildcat and 17 Eurasian lynx). Earlier in the collection there were 13 more samples, which were lost for various reasons or transferred to other collections (5 stuffed Eurasian lynx and European wildcat, and 3 skulls of Eurasian lynx). In the archive of the Museum preserved acts of transfer of exhibits to the Institute of Zoology NASU and Kyiv zoological museum and Uzhhorod University, where among others there are Felidae, however, we failed to find these samples in the mentioned museums. One Eurasian lynx was transferred to the museum of Grodno city (Belarus) in 1924. The oldest exhibit is Eurasian lynx skull, dated of 1857, the youngest – European wildcat skin dated of 2013. The main number of samples, almost 40%, collected from 1880 to 1889. The largest number of exhibits (4) arrived during 1880. All samples collected in the Carpathians and Ciscarpathians (14 – Lvivska oblast, 11 – Ivano-Frankivska oblast, 1 – Ternopilska oblast of Ukraine and 3 – form South-Eastern Poland) and one Eurasian lynx collected in Polissia region. The main ways of income – gifts to the founder of the museum Volodymyr Didushytskyi from his friends and acquaintances, some samples were purchased. Three samples (stuffed Eurasian lynx, stuffed animal and two skulls of a European wildcat) came from the Natural History Museum (disbanded in 1940) of the Shevchenko Scientific Society in Lviv. Scientific analysis of the State Museum of Natural History NASU cat collection was not carried out, indirectly the collection is mentioned in the guidebooks by the museum (Dzieduszycki, 1895; Guidebook, 1957; State, 1982) and K.A. Tatarynov monograph (Татаринов, 1973).

Climate models can produce accurate representations of the most important modes of climate variability, but they cannot be expected to follow their observed time evolution. This makes direct comparison of simulated and observed variability difficult and creates uncertainty in estimates of forced change. We investigate the role of three modes of climate variability, the North Atlantic Oscillation, El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the Southern Annular Mode, as pacemakers of climate variability since 1781, evaluating where their evolution masks or enhances forced climate trends. We use particle filter data assimilation to constrain the observed variability in a global climate model without nudging, producing a near-free-running model simulation with the time evolution of these modes similar to those observed. Since the climate model also contains external forcings, these simulations, in combination with model experiments with identical forcing but no assimilation, can be used to compare the forced response to the effect of the three modes assimilated and evaluate the extent to which these are confounded with the forced response. The assimilated model is significantly closer than the “forcing only” simulations to annual temperature and precipitation observations over many regions, in particular the tropics, the North Atlantic and Europe. The results indicate where initialised simulations that track these modes could be expected to show additional skill. Assimilating the three modes cannot explain the large discrepancy previously found between observed and modelled variability in the southern extra-tropics but constraining the El Niño–Southern Oscillation reconciles simulated global cooling with that observed after volcanic eruptions.