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[Display omitted] Sustainable waste management (SWM) practices are crucial for tackling environmental concerns under a circular economy (CE) scope. Thirty-one OECD countries have been evaluated on their national SWM performance via Malmquist data envelopment analysis (DEA) methodology from 2000 to 2021. The Malmquist (MPI) and Malmquist-Luenberger (MLPI) productivity indices are compared based on their total factor productivity (TFP) and its elements (i.e., efficiency and technological changes). Both models have the gross domestic product (GDP) as a desirable output, but MLPI also incorporates municipal solid waste (MSW) generation and greenhouse gases (GHGs, i.e. CO 2 and CH 4) as undesirable outputs. MLPI has a lower average performance (1.74%) than MPI (4.42%), meaning that the incorporation of waste and GHGs has diminished an OECD country's SWM performance by 2.5 times on average. In essence, it is innovation that drives TFP in the selected countries. Overall, the synergistic implementation of SWM practices, Malmquist DEA-based methodology, and CE principles is crucial for advancing sustainable development and achieving a circular and resilient future. The manuscript also offers policy implications regarding the need of financial incentives, vocational training, and fostering stakeholder encouragement in the waste sectors to implement CE solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Innovations in plant and soil sciences are revolutionising our approach to sustainability, offering solutions with broad societal impacts. Discoveries in these fields hold great potential for combatting, mitigating and adapting to climate change; enhancing food security; and revitalising urban environments. By harnessing the power of plants and the soils they grow in, it is possible to cultivate resilience in the face of environmental challenges, informing policy and practice, and thereby guiding us towards a more sustainable future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2013, the Institute of Library and Information Science of Eötvös Loránd University in Budapest, Hungary has been organising the largest library and information science event, called the Real Library – Library Reality Conference, in Hungary every two years. In 2023, the two–day, peer-reviewed international conference with more than 50 speakers, focused on libraries and the market economy. On the first day of the conference, library and archive directors, economists, and academics shed light on the economic and political environment of the cultural sector. On the second day, the institute's lecturers and doctoral students presented their research, and there was also an English-language session with the Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University (Thailand) and Oslo Metropolitan University (Norway).

Innovations in plant and soil sciences are revolutionising our approach to sustainability, offering solutions with broad societal impacts. Discoveries in these fields hold great potential for combatting, mitigating and adapting to climate change; enhancing food security; and revitalising urban environments. By harnessing the power of plants and the soils they grow in, it is possible to cultivate resilience in the face of environmental challenges, informing policy and practice, and thereby guiding us towards a more sustainable future.

Abstract In recent years, there appears to be a growing consensus among policymakers in both the East and the West, that the decades of global peace after the Cold War has now come to an end, and that the world is facing mounting security risks to the future of humanity. Among those challenges, the ongoing U.S.-Iran conflict poses particularly significant risks to regional and global security, and is closely related to many other contemporary international crises involving European states and their allies, particularly the Russo-Ukrainian War, the nuclear proliferation in Europe, and the military disputes between the Iran-backed Houthis and EU forces. But why has the U.S.-Iran relationship deteriorated so dramatically over the past years, and what are the future risks its presents to the international community? While extensive scholarly works have been conducted to examine the ideological, historical, and geopolitical variables that fuel this observed escalating antagonism, no study to date has formal-modelled the complex interactions between Tehran and Washington into a two-level game. Utilizing an infinitely-repeated game theory approach, this research presents a comprehensive analytical framework that explains how interrelated political factors at both the international and the domestic level jointly shape the dynamic of this bilateral relationship. We contend that the domestic rally effect created by risk-oriented diplomacy, incompatible ideological stances and political values, the increasing polarization within U.S. Congress, and the mounting rivalry between Israel and the Iran-led Axis of Resistance convince policymakers from both sides that their utilities can be maximized in a non-cooperative game. Based on our models, it can be forecasted that there is hardly any chance Washington and Tehran will concede to the other’s security demands in the foreseeable future. Thus, the risks of high-intensity conflict escalation due to miscalculation will continue to upsurge in the future.

This article analyses the sustainability of China’s economic growth in light of global challenges, focusing on macroeconomic changes in recent decades and their impact on the country’s economy. The study covers the period 1962–2022 and uses data from various sources, including the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, and national statistical data from the People’s Republic of China. Correlation analysis methods are used to assess the impact of socio-economic indicators on economic growth, revealing significant correlations between gross domestic product and various indicators such as external debt, urbanisation, technological development, and the standard of living. The main conclusion of the analysis is that economic diversification and investment in high-tech industries are crucial for maintaining sustainable growth in China. The findings indicate the need for future research assessing the potential for reducing the environmental impact of industrialisation and improving social policies in a changing global economy.

Introduction. The relevance of this study is due to the growing influence of the global climate change consequences on the development of countries’ economies and the population’s life quality. Finding an effective response to the climate challenge requires determining the place of the problem of climate change and its consequences among other global challenges and clarifying the significance of climate change for the sustainable development of socio-economic systems. Methods. The study is based on a review of resolutions and reports from a series of United Nations global conferences from 1972 to 2022. To analyze the scientific works on the problem of global climate change, the author used a combination of bibliometric methods, visualization methods and content analysis. Theoretical analysis. A review of intergovernmental documents that reflected the global consensus on development and cooperation in the field of environmental conservation provided insight into the transformation of approaches to solving the problem of global climate change. The evolution of the climate agenda is traced in the context of the sustainable development strategy implementation. Policy priorities are identified for actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change. Еmpirical analysis. An analysis of the dependence of economic and social damage on the occurrence of natural disasters and weather risks was carried out. The results obtained are considered through the prism of trends characteristic of the time period under study. Conclusions. The relationship between climate, economy, ecology and society is revealed. Through the UN system of sustainable development goals, the place of global climate risks in the system of external challenges and threats to the sustainable development of socioeconomic systems is shown.

In recent years, there appears to be a growing consensus among policymakers in both the East and the West, that the decades of global peace after the Cold War has now come to an end, and that the world is facing mounting security risks to the future of humanity. Among those challenges, the ongoing U.S.-Iran conflict poses particularly significant risks to regional and global security, and is closely related to many other contemporary international crises involving European states and their allies, particularly the Russo-Ukrainian War, the nuclear proliferation in Europe, and the military disputes between the Iran-backed Houthis and EU forces. But why has the U.S.-Iran relationship deteriorated so dramatically over the past years, and what are the future risks its presents to the international community? While extensive scholarly works have been conducted to examine the ideological, historical, and geopolitical variables that fuel this observed escalating antagonism, no study to date has formal-modelled the complex interactions between Tehran and Washington into a two-level game. Utilizing an infinitely-repeated game theory approach, this research presents a comprehensive analytical framework that explains how interrelated political factors at both the international and the domestic level jointly shape the dynamic of this bilateral relationship. We contend that the domestic rally effect created by risk-oriented diplomacy, incompatible ideological stances and political values, the increasing polarization within U.S. Congress, and the mounting rivalry between Israel and the Iran-led Axis of Resistance convince policymakers from both sides that their utilities can be maximized in a non-cooperative game. Based on our models, it can be forecasted that there is hardly any chance Washington and Tehran will concede to the other's security demands in the foreseeable future. Thus, the risks of high-intensity conflict escalation due to miscalculation will continue to upsurge in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Countries are facing interconnected and cascading crises, including COVID-19, climate change, wars and military conflicts, and disruptions in geopolitics. To address these global challenges, it is necessary to introduce eco-innovations, and implement renewable energy. The purpose of the article is to analyze the countries' eco-innovative development, determine the impact of factors on alternative energy sources consumption, and consider models for eco-innovation network management. The dynamics of the Global Innovation Index, the European Innovation Scoreboard, and the Eco-Innovation Index were analyzed. The research implements the analysis of 27 EU countries for the period 2013-2020 by indicators that influence the eco-innovations development. The model of the impact of countries' investment development and economic growth indicators (such as foreign direct investment; GDP per capita), management level and the willingness of the government to invest in eco-innovation (total tax and contribution rate; government effectiveness; control of corruption; rule of law; research and development expenditure), and the level of income inequality (income share held by highest 10%; Gini index) on the consumption of alternative energy sources, energy-efficient technologies, and waste management and recycling implementation was built. The linear and cybernetic models for eco-innovation network management were considered. The pace of eco-innovation is strongly influenced by the effectiveness of state eco-innovation policies, the availability of a comprehensive information base, and the mechanisms of interaction between the science and production sectors. Effective eco-innovation networking implies that between the participants there are different types of relationships, the main of which are economic; legal; administrative; technological; social; and informational. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The available research on COVID-19 implications and prospects for recovery often fails to rise above the impacts of the pandemic to also consider other equally problematic factors that slow down the recovery rate. One area in which research provides a narrow view is food systems. This article explores other key global challenges that stifle Africa's food system's quick recovery from COVID-19. Drawing from critical document analysis of secondary literature, this article found that climate change, the global energy crisis, and political factors are among the key problem factors. It concludes that these factors deserve to be prioritised because they preceded COVID-19, and therefore, their problematic role should not be subordinated to a pandemic which is already subsiding and for which vaccines have already been discovered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many contemporary efforts to govern global challenges are driven by combinations of numbers and futures. This special section proposes the novel concept of 'quantified futures' as a way of grasping this widespread entanglement. Because existing scholarship has largely treated quantification and futurisation as discrete governing technologies, their intersections have remained undertheorised and underexplored. In this introductory article, we discuss similarities between quantification and futurisation to build an integrated analytical framework that outlines how quantified futures operate across transnational policy domains by shaping the salience, scope and urgency of global challenges and their solutions. The special section at large cautions against overly optimistic expectations regarding the capacity of quantified futures to tackle global challenges. Rather, it underscores the need to enquire into the mutually reinforcing effects between, on the one hand, the growing use of quantified futures and, on the other hand, the increase and diversification of global challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Governments around the world have instrumentalised the idea of cities as innovation hubs in the drive for economic competitiveness and governance of anticipated futures. Producers of global indicators have identified cities as key actors in the global competition for talent – a race for human capital taking place against rapid technological changes, and political and social disruptions. In this article, we examine the rise of global cities as innovation hubs and its role in tackling global challenges. Using qualitative content analysis and conceptual analysis of strategies from rival cities in Europe (Amsterdam vs Copenhagen) and Asia (Singapore vs Hong Kong), we unpack how future cities are articulated and constructed in the nexus of migration and knowledge policy. We find that global indicators are actively used to produce more 'robust futures' that shape policymaking and strategies of cities while delimiting alternatives and potential 'creative future visions' in addressing global challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The impact of global challenges in the modern world establishes its own technologies for achieving balance in planning and using budget finances in Russia. These problems acquire a special spectrum within the framework of a large number, diversity of legal types, natural and geographical features of the territory and financial independence of local budgets. Local budgets are the most significant source of financing for public utility infrastructure facilities that residents of municipalities use every day, which ultimately determines the comfort and quality of living in the local area. This article aims to consider the theoretical and methodological approaches to the content and causes of the local budget deficit and to substantiate the criteria for the effectiveness of its financing with an uncertain revenue base and increasing costs for organizing the provision of municipal services in all areas of expenditure obligations of local governments. To substantiate the working hypothesis of the study, we point out that local budgets of all legal types of municipalities have gratuitous transfers from higher-level budgets as the main source of revenue base, a small amount of tax initiative and budgetary powers to assess their expenditure obligations. As a rule, all these powers are regulated at the federal and regional levels. The methodological basis of the study was the provisions of the Keynesian and neo-Keynesian schools of budget regulation, taking into account the new model of municipal governance. The empirical basis of the study was the control indicators of draft budgets of a number of municipalities of the Sverdlovsk region, obtained by the author from official sources and the results of the webinar with representatives of financial departments as part of local governments of the Sverdlovsk region. Results and conclusions. The results of the study identified the criteria for the formation and implementation of an effective budget deficit policy, formulated practical recommendations for local governments to optimize the financing of the local budget deficit and servicing the debt obligations of the municipality in the context of prevention and adaptation to global challenges. As further directions of scientific research, it is necessary to indicate an assessment of the possibilities of applying these criteria by local governments to the reformed provisions of the budget legislation of Russia, expected for 2030-2036.

Introduction. Global problems of modernity and globalisation are appealing to scientists as a research subject not only for understanding their nature, development, and manifestations in various spheres of life (in the case of our study, in education) but also because a comprehensive analysis is essential to combat them. Aim. The study aimed to trace the history of scientific research on the impact of global issues on the education system. It utilised bibliometry to conduct a qualitative content analysis of selected works to identify existing research trends within the topic and factors influencing the research agenda both in Russian Federation and abroad. Methodology and research methods. The research utilizes bibliometric methods and qualitative content analysis of publications (articles, conference proceedings, monographs, and reports) from open-access scientific journals at the final stage of publication. The study also examines statistical reports from the international Scopus database for the period from 1978 to 2023, selected based on bibliometric criteria. Papers were analysed and classified according to their publication periods and the number of citations they received. Based on the results of a qualitative content analysis comparing scientific agendas worldwide and in Russian Federation, the study identified the topics, conceptual foundations, and key participants influencing the resolution of global education issues across various historical periods. Results. Four waves of interest in this topic were identified: 1988–1999, 2000–2012, 2013–2018, and 2019–2023. From 1988 to 1999, all studies can be broadly categorised into two groups: teaching methods and organisation of educational activities. The development of specific trends in the study of global education problems began only between 2000 and 2012. From 2013 to 2018, scientists focused on restructuring the educational process in new conditions. From 2019 to 2023, the focus shifted to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the organisation and transformation of the educational process. It has been established that the thematic focus of research by Russian scientists and the international scientific community as a whole differs. The authors cite and analyse the possible historical reasons for this divergence. Scientific novelty is ensured by the absence of similar research in the international information space. Practical significance lies in the necessity, given the current socio-economic situation, to highlight global education issues for the purpose of planning and coordinating research efforts.

The aim of this paper is to assess the logistics potential to ensure the resilience of the economic system of Ukraine in the face of global challenges. The methods used in the study include: structural-dynamic, determinological, correlation analysis, index method, graphical and cartographic methods. The calculations were based on open data from analytical studies on the development of transport and logistics, as well as data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. The results of the study confirmed the hypothesis that high logistics potential, which is determined by the effectiveness of customs and border control, the quality of trade and transport infrastructure, the ease of organization of delivery, and the quality of logistics services, is the driver of the resilience of socio-economic systems of countries. The reduction of the logistical potential of the economic system of Ukraine in the conditions of a full-scale war is shown. This decrease resulted from blocked operation of a number of logistics routes and branches of the transport and logistics sphere and destroyed transport infrastructure objects as a result of hostilities and missile attacks.A change in the vector of export-import flows and their reorientation by means of transport was noted. Drivers of strengthening the logistics potential of the Ukrainian economic system are the transformation of the transport and logistics system, deepening cooperation with neighboring countries, systematic state support for the development of freight transportation by rail, compliance with European standards, and creation of Ukrzaliznytsia’s own freight carrier company that will work outside Ukraine. AcknowledgmentThis study was carried out within the framework of the international project “Increasing the capacity of freight transportation infrastructure on EU-Ukraine borders” (№ 22220189) implemented under the Visegrad Grant+ Programme.

The article discusses the evolution and operation of the Group of Twenty (G20) as the primary forum for international economic governance. The G20 originated from global financial crises in recent decades. After the 2008 financial crisis, it became a meeting of heads of state and government, expanding its agenda. It is a heterogeneous group that includes both developed and emerging economies, also involving civil society in addressing key global challenges.

Global warming, water scarcity, population growth, rising food prices, urbanization, and other socio-economic factors pose significant threats to agriculture and food security in the 21st century. This situation is particularly grave for low-income individuals in the Asia-Pacific region. To tackle this challenge and eradicate hunger and poverty, it is imperative for scientists to explore alternative food sources, covering all stages from production through processing to consumption. Cereal grains serve as a crucial food source and hold substantial importance in human diets. Therefore, revamping the food system becomes crucial to achieve food and nutritional security. A pragmatic approach toward reaching this goal involves ensuring universal access to affordable, wholesome, and nourishing food through the utilization of millets—nutrient-dense grains (often referred to as Nutri-cereals) that offer a rich array of vital macronutrients, micronutrients, carbohydrates, protein, dietary fiber, lipids, and phytochemicals. Leveraging these grains holds the potential to significantly alleviate the challenges of food insecurity and malnutrition. Millet, a drought-resistant grain, constitutes a primary source of carbohydrates and proteins for populations residing in semi-arid regions of Africa and Asia. Given its crucial contribution to national food security and potential health advantages, there is a growing focus among food scientists. Additionally, the United Nations designated 2023 as the International Year of Millet, underscoring its importance. This article delves into various methods of production and processing, highlighting opportunities to enhance the production and nutritional qualities of millet. We attribute millets to inadequate rainfall distribution, poor crop management high prices of farm inputs such as fertilizer and pesticides and low adoption of improved varieties by the farmers. It also outlines the constraints, challenges, and future prospects associated with promoting millet as a viable food source for the burgeoning population. Despite the promise that millets hold, they have not received adequate research attention. Therefore, increased research efforts on integrating genomics in genome-wide marker-trait association are imperative, encompassing germplasm collection, protection, evaluation, consumption patterns, development of high-yielding cultivars, processing techniques, and policy interventions. Such initiatives are necessary to bolster the cultivation of millets and harness their potential to address the escalating global food challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global challenges call for timely social--ecological transformation. There is a substantial amount of literature on social--ecological transformation, increasingly replacing and going beyond 'sustainability'. However, the concept itself is used very inconsistently. This paper aims at identifying and systematizing the strains of argumentation that encompass the social--ecological transformation. Adding German-speaking literature to the Anglophone debate, we systematize as we follow the concept's genesis to its varieties of use within context-based (spatial, temporal, and societal) disciplinary, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary debates. Building on the various strands of contemporary use, this paper aims at contouring the epistemologies of the concept. Lastly, we illustrate the roles of geographical research approaches and the assigned methodology. We argue that the strands tend to drift apart and cannot be seen nor used as a singular uniform approach. We identify the key dimensions of how scholars use social--ecological transformation, unearthing underlying epistemologies. To conclude, we delineate key elements that geographical research on social--ecological transformation must address, laying the foundation for further scholarly debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that in the realities of modern economic dynamics and the transformation of socio-economic systems of the EU countries, the legal framework of stimulus fiscal policy is becoming a key tool for restoring economic growth, supporting businesses, and ensuring sustainable social justice. The purpose of this study is to systematize and analyse the specific legal instruments and provisions that underpin stimulus fiscal policy in the EU. The methods used include analytical method, statistical method, functional method, system analysis method, deduction method, synthesis method and comparison method. The study examined various aspects of fiscal regulation aimed at supporting economic development and social stability in the EU. The study is based on the analysis of tax mechanisms, financial instruments and budgetary strategies used to stimulate certain aspects of the economy. In particular, the impact of tax exemptions and privileges on entrepreneurship and investment activity was examined, as well as the effectiveness of fiscal measures to support small and medium-sized enterprises in countries such as Ireland, Poland, and Germany. The latest EU initiatives to stimulate innovation and green technologies were also studied, considering their legal and financial aspects. The main challenges and obstacles that arise in the process of implementing stimulating fiscal policies are highlighted, and possible ways to overcome these difficulties are identified. The study also draws attention to the interaction between fiscal policy and other areas of legislation, such as social and environmental policy, in particular, in the context of achieving sustainable development goals. The practical significance of this study is to provide concrete recommendations for EU governments on how to optimize legal and fiscal instruments aimed at stimulating economic development, innovation, and social stability

Book review: Bulatov A., ed. 2023. World Economy and International Business: Theories, Trends, and Challenges. Springer Cham. 830 p. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-20328-2

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping humanity's future, and this manuscript provides a comprehensive exploration of its implications, applications, challenges, and opportunities. The revolutionary potential of AI is investigated across numerous sectors, with a focus on addressing global concerns. The influence of AI on areas such as healthcare, transportation, banking, and education is revealed through historical insights and conversations on different AI systems. Ethical considerations and the significance of responsible AI development are addressed. Furthermore, this study investigates AI's involvement in addressing global issues such as climate change, public health, and social justice. This paper serves as a resource for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners understanding the complex link between AI and humans.

Abstract Amidst the ever-changing and increasingly complex challenges facing the planet and humanity, there is a growing need to educate the next generation of environmental stewards and leaders who are global citizens with sustainability mindsets. Universities have come a long way in developing sustainability programs – both in the curriculum and in terms of campus operations. Many research universities are highly focused on cutting-edge science and technology to address global challenges, and funders are looking for that innovation and entrepreneurialism. These are noteworthy efforts, but do they give students what they need or want? Has the commercialization and corporatization of college campuses led to a shift away from the notion that higher education is a public good that benefits society, not just individuals? Beyond the technical expertise, 21st century challenges demand that the workforce be diverse and capable of recognizing and tackling ethical, cultural, and equity issues for a sustainable and just future. An ethics-driven and interdisciplinarity curriculum framed around the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), civic engagement, and experiential learning that allows students to put their knowledge into action is needed to prepare individuals for such a workforce. This paper provides both a critique of areas in which higher education is falling short of its responsibilities and some translatable models and opportunities for improvements in reframing sustainability initiatives on campus, including in the curriculum. Policy and Practice Recommendations • Campus leaders and faculty should take note of surveys of younger generations, especially Gen Z and Gen alpha, as they provide valuable insights into what youth are focused on and what knowledge and set of skills they desire to become innovative problem solvers and builders of more resilient communities. • To prepare the next generation of environmental stewards and leaders, high impact practices that move knowledge to action are needed. • Sustainability topics should be incorporated across the curriculum on campuses, not just in certain majors. • Higher education needs to re-embrace the notion of service to the public good and work collaboratively across institutions and sectors to address complex societal challenges.

This editorial celebrates the Journal of Applied Arts & Health's (JAAH) fifteenth anniversary, reflecting on its evolution and impact at the intersection of art, health and well-being. It reflects on the previous JAAH Special Issue (14:3) paying homage to Emeritus University Professor Shaun McNiff, a trailblazer in the field, whose fifty-plus-year career is highlighted. The journal's role in promoting understanding of art's diverse benefits, particularly in healthcare, is emphasized. Amid global challenges, the editorial acknowledges the world's ongoing shifts and challenges to health and well-being, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, economic disruptions, geopolitical tensions and climate change concerns. It recognizes the role of JAAH in fostering exploration, understanding and advocacy in applied arts and health, while calling for continued innovation and inquiry in the next fifteen years. The editorial introduces the current journal issue's content, which covers a range of research projects, an interview and reviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harnessing science‐based policy is key to addressing global challenges like the biodiversity and climate crises. Open research principles underpin effective science‐based policy, but the uptake of these principles is likely constrained by the politicisation, commoditisation and conflicting motives of stakeholders in the research landscape. Here, using the mission and vision statements from 129 stakeholders from across the research landscape, we explore alignment in open research principles between stakeholders. We find poor alignment between stakeholders, largely focussed around journals, societies and funders, all of which have low open research language‐use. We argue that this poor alignment stifles knowledge flow within the research landscape, ultimately limiting the mobilisation of impactful science‐based policy. We offer recommendations on how the research landscape could embrace open research principles to accelerate societies' ability to solve global challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article posits and defends an argument that a cosmopolitan common mind approach is essential for resolving global challenges that cannot be resolved by individuals working independently from one another, such as achieving global peace, cleaning the environment, and improving public health. A 'cosmopolitan common mind' refers to an intersubjective recognition across states, cultures, or continents. This argument of the cosmopolitan common mind is centred on Philip Pettit's theory of the common mind and ethical cosmopolitanism. Pettit argues that a common mind is a shared mind. The standard account of cosmopolitanism claims all human beings are members of the human community. This account is based on three key ideals: individualism, egalitarianism, and universalism. Cosmopolitanism considers individuals rather than nations or states, giving them equal moral status across the world without any discrimination. A cosmopolitan common mind can direct collective action across cultures or continents to resolve global problems. Terrorism and climate change are global problems that are not the products of individual actions but collective actions. For instance, pollution is created by many people working together. If people all together create pollution, they all together can stop it. The problems of establishing global peace and clean ecology are similar to preventing pollution because they are beyond the ability of any lone individual to solve. If it is not impossible, there is a need to develop a cosmopolitan common mind to acquire the common good. The research concludes that the cosmopolitan common mind approach can be a promising framework for resolving contemporary challenges. In qualitative research methodology, I use empirically informed philosophical analysis to critically evaluate documentary resources, including journal papers, academic books, and the proceedings of conferences and congresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that in the realities of modern economic dynamics and the transformation of socio-economic systems of the EU countries, the legal framework of stimulus fiscal policy is becoming a key tool for restoring economic growth, supporting businesses, and ensuring sustainable social justice. The purpose of this study is to systematize and analyse the specific legal instruments and provisions that underpin stimulus fiscal policy in the EU. The methods used include analytical method, statistical method, functional method, system analysis method, deduction method, synthesis method and comparison method. The study examined various aspects of fiscal regulation aimed at supporting economic development and social stability in the EU. The study is based on the analysis of tax mechanisms, financial instruments and budgetary strategies used to stimulate certain aspects of the economy. In particular, the impact of tax exemptions and privileges on entrepreneurship and investment activity was examined, as well as the effectiveness of fiscal measures to support small and medium-sized enterprises in countries such as Ireland, Poland, and Germany. The latest EU initiatives to stimulate innovation and green technologies were also studied, considering their legal and financial aspects. The main challenges and obstacles that arise in the process of implementing stimulating fiscal policies are highlighted, and possible ways to overcome these difficulties are identified. The study also draws attention to the interaction between fiscal policy and other areas of legislation, such as social and environmental policy, in particular, in the context of achieving sustainable development goals. The practical significance of this study is to provide concrete recommendations for EU governments on how to optimize legal and fiscal instruments aimed at stimulating economic development, innovation, and social stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the interpretation of the image of the future in the views of Russians. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of the formation of the image of the future in conditions of political instability. It is shown that citizens' ideas about the future of their loved ones and the state are influenced by current social problems and contradictions. However, we are not talking about the mechanical transfer of actual experiences of respondents to an idealized future. The factors determining the complex and multi-stage process of constructing the image of the future in the public consciousness are revealed. It is shown that trust in political institutions and state power is one of the main factors in the process of forming a relatively consistent and positive image of the future. The reasons for the weak reaction of society to various types of threats, including corruption and social inequality, are analyzed. Ideological concepts and the stereotypes that have manifested themselves in recent years in the minds of Russian citizens. The role of mass media in the construction of collective ideas about threats to the existence of the state in the medium term is noted. The evolution of conservative political attitudes in the mass consciousness under the influence of the official political narrative is traced. The fact of the growth of anxiety and alarmist ideas about the near future in various social groups is noted, as a psychological reaction of individuals to incomplete information about the ongoing political changes in society. At the same time, there is an obvious trend towards preserving democratic institutions and values that modern Russian society is not going to abandon. The article is descriptive and abstract in nature. The method of secondary analysis is applied. The conclusions are based on the publications of the Institute of Socio-Political Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1992-2022 , and according to the data of the All-Russian monitoring "How are you living, Russia?" (1992-2022), a comprehensive sociological study "Forecasts and alternatives for the development of Russia through the eyes of Russians" (2021). On the basis of the conducted research, criteria are identified that ensure the reproduction of stereotypical ideas about the future in the analyzed social groups. The study of the features of the formation of the image of the future can be useful for making political decisions aimed at the development of the state-political system, the improvement of civil society and the consolidation of modern Russian society based on the adoption of national values and ideals. The factors hindering the construction of a holistic image of the future in present-day Russia are considered. The relevance of the studied topic is explained by the fact that the analysis of the structural features of the formation and functioning of collective ideas about the future of the state contributes to the understanding of complex socio-psychological processes.

The development of rural areas is a complex and dynamic phenomenon, the effectiveness of which depends on food security and the economic activity of the population. The urgency of these issues is exacerbated by unprecedented challenges for Ukraine and the transformation of the legal field under martial law. The study aims to determine the factors and determinants of the development of human capital in rural areas in Ukraine, considering the experience of the EU countries in the conditions of global challenges. It is substantiated that the policy adopted in the state to ensure the development of rural areas based on the principles of inclusiveness should be based on balanced instruments, methods, and levers capable of minimizing external and internal threats to agribusiness. Essentially, people’s opportunities and abilities for economic and social activities, as well as for their own development, are critical. It has been proven that the determining factor in this process should be human capital. The motivation for economic activity in the village is singled out from personal factors. In its absence, all prerequisites for urbanization are formed. In this context, the upward dynamics of the indicator of the share of the urban population in the EU countries, which can become an obstacle to the development of business in rural areas, was analyzed and revealed. Attention is paid to the prospects of small businesses in rural areas. The relationship between the urbanization indicator and the human development index in Ukraine and the EU countries was studied.