1. Spin-enhanced nanodiamond biosensing for ultrasensitive diagnostics
- Author
-
Miller, Benjamin S., Bezinge, Léonard, Gliddon, Harriet D., Huang, Da, Dold, Gavin, Gray, Eleanor R., Heaney, Judith, Dobson, Peter J., Nastouli, Eleni, Morton, John J.L., and McKendry, Rachel A.
- Subjects
Biosensors -- Materials -- Usage -- Health aspects ,Diamond crystals -- Usage -- Chemical properties ,Nanoparticles -- Usage -- Chemical properties ,Diamonds -- Usage -- Chemical properties ,Diagnosis -- Methods ,Environmental issues ,Science and technology ,Zoology and wildlife conservation - Abstract
The quantum spin properties of nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond enable diverse applications in quantum computing and communications.sup.1. However, fluorescent nanodiamonds also have attractive properties for in vitro biosensing, including brightness.sup.2, low cost.sup.3 and selective manipulation of their emission.sup.4. Nanoparticle-based biosensors are essential for the early detection of disease, but they often lack the required sensitivity. Here we investigate fluorescent nanodiamonds as an ultrasensitive label for in vitro diagnostics, using a microwave field to modulate emission intensity.sup.5 and frequency-domain analysis.sup.6 to separate the signal from background autofluorescence.sup.7, which typically limits sensitivity. Focusing on the widely used, low-cost lateral flow format as an exemplar, we achieve a detection limit of 8.2 × 10.sup.-19 molar for a biotin-avidin model, 10.sup.5 times more sensitive than that obtained using gold nanoparticles. Single-copy detection of HIV-1 RNA can be achieved with the addition of a 10-minute isothermal amplification step, and is further demonstrated using a clinical plasma sample with an extraction step. This ultrasensitive quantum diagnostics platform is applicable to numerous diagnostic test formats and diseases, and has the potential to transform early diagnosis of disease for the benefit of patients and populations. Lateral-flow in vitro diagnostic assays based on fluorescent nanodiamonds, in which microwave-based spin manipulation is used to increase sensitivity, are demonstrated using the biotin-avidin model and by the single-copy detection of HIV-1 RNA., Author(s): Benjamin S. Miller [sup.1] [sup.2] , Léonard Bezinge [sup.1] , Harriet D. Gliddon [sup.1] , Da Huang [sup.1] , Gavin Dold [sup.1] [sup.3] , Eleanor R. Gray [sup.1] , [...]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF