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Background Although thrombocytopenia is common in typhoid fever, its course, response to treatment, and need for specific therapies such as platelet transfusion are not well characterized. Case presentation We report a case of typhoid fever in a 4-year-old Asian male returned traveler, admitted with prolonged fever and found to have severe thrombocytopenia (platelets 16 × 109/L). Despite appropriate antibiotic therapy, his platelet recovery was slow, but did not lead to complications and he did not require platelet transfusion. Conclusions There is no consensus in the medical literature guiding the optimal management of severe thrombocytopenia in typhoid fever, but it may improve with conservative management, as in our case. The epidemiology and management of this condition merits further research to guide clinical practice.

The copper complex of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(3,4-dibenzyloxyphenyl)porphyrin (CuTDBOPP) was synthesized and characterized with electronic absorption spectroscopy and ESI high-resolution spectrometry. In the electronic spectrum, there was a shift in the Soret band from 424 nm to 420 nm that indicated that the insertion of the metal ion was successful. Additionally, the number of Q bands decreased from four peaks to a single peak at 541 nm. The molar absorptivity of the Soret and Q band are 3.4 × 105 cm−1·M−1 and 1.8 × 105 cm−1·M−1, respectively. The ESI HRMS was in excellent agreement with simulated isotopic distribution spectra. CuTDBOPP was incorporated into a series of Gratzel cells where the open current voltage was recorded.

James Tong develops a rational choice model for collective violence by peasant outlaws in pre-modem Ming Dynasty China. I argue that Tong's model can, with some alterations, be used to explain sudden, widespread outbursts of unorganized, collective violence by workers-phenomena which are anomalous vis-à-vis the "expanded logic of collective action." I apply Tong's model to the Great Strikes of 1877. The spark that lighted this prairie fire was a spontane ous nationwide strike by railroad workers. Consistent with Tong's model, rail road workers struck when their wages were reduced below subsistence levels. Because this subsistence crisis coincided with coercive crises at the local and state level and the slow mobilization by the United States Army-which reduced the likelihood of arrest, injury or death in action-these strikes quickly deep ened. They ignited an explosion of concurrent disturbances; sympathy strikes, protest marches and rallies, riots, and general strikes.