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Introduction Several factors have been associated with excess weight gain in adolescents, including loss of sleep. Objective The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of sleep factors on appetite, dietary intake, and the body weights of adolescent youth. Methods A prospective correlational study design was used. Male and female adolescents (N = 76) ages 12–18 years completed a 5-night study. Sleep was assessed using Fitbits (88.5% accuracy) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (test-retest reliability = .81); appetite was assessed by a Visual Analog Scale (α = 0.84); dietary intake was assessed by the Block Kids Food Screener (reliability up to .88); sleep hygiene was assessed using the Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Practice Scale (α = .67). Results Poor sleep quality was reported by 39.5% of participants, and 75% of participants had inadequate sleep time (7.33 h). Participants’ age significantly correlated with PSQI scores (r = .28, p

Background: Subsyndromal delirium following surgery in older adults is related to increased lengths of hospital stay and increased admissions to long-term care. Impaired nutrition increases risk for delirium, but its relationship to subsyndromal delirium remains unclear., Purpose: This correlational study examined the relationship between nutritional status and subsyndromal delirium in older adults., Methods: Assessments for subsyndromal delirium in 53 adults 65 years or older were completed for three consecutive days following joint replacement surgery. Relationships between nutritional status and subsyndromal delirium were analyzed. Level of significance for all tests was set at p ≤ .05., Results: Participants' scores from the Mini Nutritional Assessment screen were significantly related (p = .05) to subsyndromal delirium severity after accounting for variability posed by age and cognition status., Conclusion: When preoperative risk assessment of older adults indicates nutritional risk, preoperative optimization may improve effectiveness of delirium prevention efforts.

Background: Research suggests that there is a delay in recognizing unique stroke symptoms in women by both healthcare professionals and the general population. The purpose of this review was to identify and summarize the most relevant literature regarding recognition and assessment of unique stroke symptoms in women., Methods: Literature review using PubMed, CINAHL, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar was used to search literature describing unique stroke symptoms., Results: Unique stroke symptoms, female sex, and race are associated with delayed recognition, treatment, misdiagnosis, and outcomes. Women experience unique symptoms of nausea/vomiting, headache, dizziness, and cognitive dysfunction more often than men. Stroke assessment tools and registries recognize 1 to 4 of the 11 unique stroke symptoms in women, no study directly assesses the sensitivity and specificity of these unique symptoms, and all studies included women and men. Conclusions and Nursing Implications: Current assessment tools and registries are not sensitive and specific to measuring unique stroke symptoms in women. Accurately identifying unique stroke symptoms in women may reduce presentation and treatment time, minimizing misdiagnoses and poor patient outcomes.

Background: Older adults with subsyndromal delirium have similar risks for adverse outcomes following joint replacement surgery as those who suffer from delirium., Purpose: This study examined relationships among subsyndromal delirium and select preoperative risk factors in older adults following major orthopaedic surgery., Methods: Delirium assessments of a sample of 62 adults 65 years of age or older were completed on postoperative Days 1, 2, and 3 following joint replacement surgery. Data were analyzed for relationships among delirium symptoms and the following preoperative risk factors: increased comorbidity burden, cognitive impairment, fall history, and preoperative fasting time., Results: Postoperative subsyndromal delirium occurred in 68% of study participants. A recent fall history and a longer preoperative fasting time were associated with delirium symptoms (p ≤ .05)., Conclusions: Older adults with a recent history of falls within the past 6 months or a longer duration of preoperative fasting time may be at higher risk for delirium symptoms following joint replacement surgery.

Gallstone disease is one of the most common public health problems in the United States. Approximately 10%-20% of the national adult populations currently carry gallstones, and gallstone prevalence is rising. In addition, nearly 750,000 cholecystectomies are performed annually in the United States; direct and indirect costs of gallbladder surgery are estimated to be $6.5 billion. Cholelithiasis is also strongly associated with gallbladder, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer occurrence. Moreover, the National Institutes of Health estimates that almost 3,000 deaths (0.12% of all deaths) per year are attributed to complications of cholelithiasis and gallbladder disease. Although extensive research has tried to identify risk factors for cholelithiasis, several studies indicate that definitive findings still remain elusive. In this review, predisposing factors for cholelithiasis are identified, the pathophysiology of gallstone disease is described, and nonsurgical preventive options are discussed. Understanding the risk factors for cholelithiasis may not only be useful in assisting nurses to provide resources and education for patients who are diagnosed with gallstones, but also in developing novel preventive measures for the disease.